• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.175-185
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• 2006

This study performed the optimum design of balanced and unbalanced span length bridges with many variable Girder types by using the optimum design program to minimize the cost for PSC box girder bridge of the full staging method. The objective of this study is to present tendon's application direction about complicated construction hereafter by studying about optimum tendon arrangement that is worked in each variable Girder type. This program used SUMT procedure and Kavlie's extended penalty function to allow infeasible design points in the process. Powell's direct method was used in searching design points and Gradient Approximate Method was used to reduce design hours.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.2 s.55
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• pp.127-137
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• 2006

In the viewing of public performance arts, it needs to make space construction appropriate for performance purposes, because the section type has an effect on audience's inspection. Therefore, this study researches the intentional characteristics and comprehends the relationship between correlation factors to influence on section type of audience space in performance facilities. In addition to, this study comes under fundamental research to propose the course of standard plan, accord with diverse requirement, in the special performance facilities which will be built up. The results as following; 1) The factors that influence the section type of the audience's space in performing facilities are divided as two elements. The first element is construction of space, viewing environment, and the second element is visual characteristic, and acoustic characteristic. 2) The section type are classified as six types, A-type(Flated type), B-type(Sloped type), C-type(Gabled type), D-type(Arched type), E-type(Reverse arched type), and F-type(Reverse sloped type). 3) Characteristics are deduced by the section type, construction of space and viewing environment are restricted by the characteristics of the section type.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1249-1253
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• 2007

제방은 제내지에 거주하는 인간의 재산과 삶을 방어하고, 홍수를 제어하는 가장 기본적인 수공구조물이다. 제방파괴 원인은 월류, 활동, 침식, 그리고 침투 등으로 분류되어 질 수 있다. 특히 간극수압에 의해 발생하는 침투는 제방 내부침식(internal erosion) 및 파이핑(piping) 등을 야기함으로서 제방파괴를 유도한다. 침투에 의한 제방파괴는 월류나 침식에 의한 제방파괴 유형보다 상대적으로 적으나, 다른 제방파괴 원인을 더욱 활성화 시키는 인자로 작용한다. 도시하천의 경우 높은 치수안전도를 적용하여 제방을 축조함에 따라 월류에 의한 붕괴보다 강우와 하천수의 복합요인에 의한 침투파괴가 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 침투와 활동에 대한 안전성을 확보할 수 있는 침투보강기법인 단면확대기법에 대한 적용성 및 유의사항을 수치모의를 통해 검토하였다. 제방 비탈면 경사를 1:2 확대할 경우, 침투유속이 70 %정도 감소되는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 단면확대기법은 홍수시 통수능과 제내지의 부지 확보 문제 등을 고려하여 적용하여야 하며, 도시하천에서 단면확대기법을 적용하는 데는 일정부분 한계를 가질 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.594-598
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• 2012

최근 들어 국가하천의 주요구간에 대규모 보가 설치되고 있으며 설치된 고정보와 가동보는 형식에 따라 부분적으로 상이한 기능을 나타내나 기본적으로 상류의 수위가 일정하게 유지되도록 하여 하천 내 수자원을 확보하는데 기본적인 목적이 있다. 그러나 이로 인해 치수 및 하천환경에 많은 변화가 예상되므로 발생 가능한 하천관리의 문제점을 최소화하기 위해서는 하천정비에 따른 수리학적 영향을 검토할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 4가지 형식의 고정보 본체의 형식별 월류능력을 수치해석모형인 Flow-3D 모형을 이용하여 검토하여 하천에서 고정보 설계시 단면형식 결정의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 이를 위해 선정된 고정보 단면의 형상에 따라 보 하류측 사면형태 및 경사별 월류량 검토를 수행하였으며 하류관리수위가 없을 때와 있을 때의 월류량과 하류부 흐름양상을 분석하였다. 고정보 단면 형식 선정을 위한 분석결과 적용된 4가지 유형중 선행한 월류능력별 수치해석 결과에서는 월류능력, 월류수맥의 수충, 구조체의 수축 팽창에 의한 불안정성 등을 종합적으로 고려할 때 오지형이 가장 적합한 구조인 것으로 검토되었다.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.25 no.2 s.213
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• pp.185-193
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• 1987

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.53-68
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• 2015

This study analyzed online word-of-mouth information using content analysis to help practical categorization of two-sided eWOM. A total of 402 online consumer reviews on search goods and experience goods were collected. Descriptive characteristics(information direction, length of review line) and content structural characteristics(product benefit types, information presentation methods) were used as analysis criteria. The study results are as follows. First, the types of two-sided e-WOM direction were made of positive/negative, negative/positive, positive/negative/ positive, and negative/positive/negative. Second, the length of two-sided eWOM was longer than the length of one-sided eWOM and blended type accounted for the highest proportion both one-sided and two-sided eWOM at the aspect of product benefit. Third, holistic presentation method was overwhelmingly high in one-sided eWOM, whereas blended and analytic presentation methods were somewhat high in two-sided eWOM. Fourth, holistic presentation method was high in search goods, whereas blended and analytic presentation methods were high in experience goods. Based on these results, implications for two-sided e-WOM study and further research issues were discussed.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.397-406
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• 2012

During the 2nd Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Drilling Expedition (UBGH2) in 2010, gas-hydrate-bearing sediment cores were recovered at 10 drill sites. Base, on Infrared (IR) thermal image and grain-size analysis of the cores, three distinct types of gas hydrate are classified: Type I (fracture-filling in mud layers), Type II (disseminated in mud layers), and Type III (pore-filling in sand layers). Types I and II gas hydrates occur in mud as discrete veins, nodules or disseminated particles. Type III fills the pore spaces of the sand layers encased in mud layers. In this case, the sand content of hosting sediments shows a general linear relationship with gas hydrate saturation. The degrees of temperature anomalies (${\Delta}T$) from IR images generally increase with gas hydrate saturation regardless of gas hydrate occurrence types. Type I is dominantly found in the sites where seismic profiles delineate chimney structures, whereas Type II where the drill cores are composed almost of mud layers. Type III was mainly recovered from the sites where hemipelagic muds are frequently intercalated with turbidite sand layers. Our results indicate that gas hydrate occurrence is closely related to sedimentological characteristic of gas hydrate-bearing sediments, that is, grain size distribution.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.357-367
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• 2017

Bending and axial forces simultaneously occur at the cross-section of a shotcrete lining reinforced with steel supports due to the tunnel geometry. The shotcrete has changing flexural stiffness depending on the axial forces and, as a result, severely nonlinear behavior. The mechanical properties of a shotcrete-steel composite also depend on the type of steel support. This study presents a fiber section element model considering the effect of axial force to evaluate the nonlinear behavior of a shotcrete-steel composite. Additionally, the model was used to analyze the effects of different types of steel supports on the load capacity. Furthermore, a modified hyperbolic model for ground reaction, including strain-softening, is proposed to account for the ground-lining interaction. The model was validated by comparing the numerical results with results from previous load test performed on arched shotcrete specimens. The changes in mechanical responses of the lining were also investigated. Results show a lining with doubly reinforcement rebar has similar load capacity as a lining with H-shaped supports. The use of more materials for the steel support enhances the residual resistance. For all types of steel reinforcement, the contribution of steel supports during peak load decreases as the ground becomes stiffer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.206-208
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• 2011

플로팅건축물은 최근 지구온난화에 따른 해수면의 상승, 소득 증대 및 관광행태 변화에 따라 급증한 해양 레포츠 수요에 대응하는 효과적인 건축물이다. 플로팅건축은 프로그램, 형태, 건축규모, 층수, 위치, 접근방법, 이동성, 에너지 자립도 등 8가지 기준에 따라 유형 구분이 가능하다. 또한 시공된 주거시설을 대상으로 분석한 결과 플로팅건축의 디자인 특성은 (1) 2층 규모, (2) 면적 비율이 높은 데크, (3) 장방형의 균형감 있는 매스, (4) 조망 극대화, (5) 친수공간 확보, (6) 공간의 통합적 사용 및 합리적 면적 배분의 평면계획, (7) 수면 반사를 고려한 단면계획, (8) 모듈화 및 유닛화 등으로 정리할 수 있다.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate differences between the morphology of the mandibular symphysis and four facial skeletal types. Materials and Methods: 40 cone-beam computed tomographies were selected and classified in to 4 groups according to their vertical and anterior-posterior skeletal patterns. The bone volume ($mm^3$) of the symphysis, the cross sectional area corresponding to the 4 mandibular incisors' axis: the cross sectional area of total bone ($mm^2$), the area of the cancellous bone ($mm^2$) and the thickness (mm) of labial and lingual alveolar bone at 2 mm, 3 mm under the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) were measured. General linear model (GLM), Kruskal-Wallis test and Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test were subsequently used for statistical analysis. Results: The lingual cortical bone thickness of the lateral incisors at 2, 3 mm under CEJ was greater in the Class I low angle group than the other 3 groups (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the volume of the mandibular incisor bony support, cross-sectional area of total bone and cancellous bone at the mandibular incisor' axis. Conclusion: Patients in Class I, low angle group have a thicker lingual mandibular symphysis than Class I, high angle patients.