Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Relationships between Gas Hydrate Occurrence Types and Sediment Characteristics in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea

동해 울릉분지의 가스 하이드레이트 산출형태와 퇴적물 특성의 관계

  • Kim, Dae-Ha (Petroleum & Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Bahk, Jang-Jun (Petroleum & Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Lee, Jin-Heuck (Petroleum & Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Ryu, Byong-Jae (Petroleum & Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Hoon (Petroleum & Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Chun, Jong-Hwa (Petroleum & Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Torres, Marta E. (College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University) ;
  • Chang, Chan-Dong (Dept. of Geology and Earth Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University)
  • 김대하 (한국지질자원연구원 석유해저연구본부) ;
  • 박장준 (한국지질자원연구원 석유해저연구본부) ;
  • 이진혁 (한국지질자원연구원 석유해저연구본부) ;
  • 류병재 (한국지질자원연구원 석유해저연구본부) ;
  • 김지훈 (한국지질자원연구원 석유해저연구본부) ;
  • 천종화 (한국지질자원연구원 석유해저연구본부) ;
  • ;
  • 장찬동 (충남대학교 지질환경과학과)
  • Received : 2011.07.04
  • Accepted : 2011.11.30
  • Published : 2012.08.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

During the 2nd Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Drilling Expedition (UBGH2) in 2010, gas-hydrate-bearing sediment cores were recovered at 10 drill sites. Base, on Infrared (IR) thermal image and grain-size analysis of the cores, three distinct types of gas hydrate are classified: Type I (fracture-filling in mud layers), Type II (disseminated in mud layers), and Type III (pore-filling in sand layers). Types I and II gas hydrates occur in mud as discrete veins, nodules or disseminated particles. Type III fills the pore spaces of the sand layers encased in mud layers. In this case, the sand content of hosting sediments shows a general linear relationship with gas hydrate saturation. The degrees of temperature anomalies (${\Delta}T$) from IR images generally increase with gas hydrate saturation regardless of gas hydrate occurrence types. Type I is dominantly found in the sites where seismic profiles delineate chimney structures, whereas Type II where the drill cores are composed almost of mud layers. Type III was mainly recovered from the sites where hemipelagic muds are frequently intercalated with turbidite sand layers. Our results indicate that gas hydrate occurrence is closely related to sedimentological characteristic of gas hydrate-bearing sediments, that is, grain size distribution.

2010년 2차 울릉분지 가스 하이드레이트 시추 (UBGH2)를 통하여 총 10개 정점에서 가스 하이드레이트 함유 퇴적물 코아를 채취하였다. 이 연구에서는 열화상 분석과 입도분석 결과에 따라 퇴적물 입도분포, 온도 이상(${\Delta}T$), 가스 하이드레이트 포화도, 가스 하이드레이트 산출형태간의 상관관계를 연구하였다. 가스 하이드레이트는 유형 I(니질층의 단열을 충진하는 형태), 유형 II(니질층의 산재하는 형태), 그리고 유형 III(사질층의 공극을 충진하는 형태)로 분류하였다. 입도분석 결과, 유형 I과 II는 가스 하이드레이트 함유 및 미함유 구간 모두 입도가 유사한 니질층으로 이루어진 반면, 유형 III는 입도가 뚜렷이 구별되는 사질층과 니질층으로 이루어져 있다. 유형 III에서는 모래 함량이 증가할 수록 가스 하이드레이트 포화도가 증가함을 확인하였다. 열화상에서 분석된 ${\Delta}T$는 가스 하이드레이트 산출형태와 상관없이 가스 하이드레이트 포화도와 비례하는 경향을 보인다. 시추지점의 암상과 탄성파 단면의 특징에서 보면, 탄성파 단면에서 침니 구조가 나타나는 지점은 유형 I이, 사질층이 거의 없는 분지사면에서는 유형 II가, 저탁류 사질층이 자주 협재하는 지점에서는 유형 III가 우세하게 나타난다. 이와 같은 특징으로 보아 가스 하이드레이트 산출형태는 가스 하이드레이트 함유 지층의 지질학적 특징과 관련 있으며, 특히 퇴적물의 입도분포에 큰 영향을 받음을 보여준다.

Keywords

References

  1. Abegg, F., Bohrmann, G. and Kuhs, W. (2006) Data report: shapes and structures of gas hydrates imaged by computed tomographic-analyses, ODP Leg 204, hydrate ridge. In: Trehu, A.M., Bohrmann, G., Torres, M.E. and Colwell, F.S. (eds.), Proceedings of Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, v.204, p.1-11.
  2. Bahk, J.J., Um, I.K. and Holland, M. (2011) Core lithologies and their constraints on gas-hydrate occurrence in the East Sea, offshore Korea: Results from the site UBGH1-9. Marine and Petroleum Geology, in press.
  3. Bohrmann, G. and Torres, M.E. (2006) Gas hydrates in marine sediments. In: Schulz, H.D. and Zabel, M. (eds.), Marine Geochemistry, Springer, p.481-512.
  4. Blott, S.J. and Pye, K. (2001) GRADISTAT: A grain distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v.26, p.1237-1248. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.261
  5. Chouch, S.K., Jeong, K.S. and Honza, E. (1985) Zoned facies of mass-flow deposits in the Ulleung (Tsushima) Basin, East Sea (Sea of Japan). Marine Geology, v.65, p.113-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90049-0
  6. Chough, S.K., Lee, H.J. and Yoon, S.H. (2000) Marine geology of Korean seas (2nd edition). Elsevier, Amsterdam, p.313.
  7. Collett, T.S. (2002) Energy resource potential of natural gas hydrates. AAPG Bulletin, v.86, p.1971-1992.
  8. Collett, T.S., Riedel, M., Cochran, J., Boswell, R., Presley, J., Kumar, P., Sathe, A., Sethi, A., Lall, M., Sibal, V. and the NGHP Expedition 01 scientists (2008) Indian national gas hydrate program expedition 01 initial reports. Indian Directorate General Hydrocarbons, New Delhi, India.
  9. Collett, T.S., Johnson, A., Knapp, C. and Boswell. R. (2009) Natural gas hydrates: a review. In: T.S. Collett., A. Johnson., C. Knapp. and R. Boswell. (eds.), Natural gas hydrates-energy resource potential and associated geologic hazards. AAPG Memoir 89, p.146-219.
  10. Ginsburg, G., Soloviev, V., Matveeva, T. and Andreeva, I. (2000) Sediment grain-size control on gas hydrate presence, sites 994, 995, and 997. In: Paull, C.K., Mastsumoto, R., Wallance, P.J. and Dillon, W.P. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, v.164, p.237-245.
  11. Holland, M., Schultheiss, P., Roberts, J. and Druce, M. (2008) Observed gas hydrate morphologies in marine sediments. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008).
  12. Kvenvolden, K.A. (1998) A primer on gas hydrates. In: Henrient, J.P. and Mienert, J. (eds.), Gas hydrates: relevance to world margin stability and climate change. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v.137, p.9-30.
  13. Kang, D.H., Yoo, D.G., Bahk, J.J., Ryu, B.H., Koo, N.H., Kim, W.S., Park, K.S. and Park, K.P. (2009) The occurrence patterns of gas hydrate in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, v.45, p.143-155.
  14. Lee. M.W. and Collett. T.S. (2009) Gas hydrate saturations estimated from fractured reservoir at site NGHP-01-10, Krishna-Godavari basin, India. Journal of Geophysical Research, v.114, p.1-13.
  15. Lee, S.H., Bahk, J.J. and Chough, S.K. (2004) Late quaternary sedimentation in the eastern continental margin of the Korean Peninsula. In: Peter, C., Kuhnt, W., Wang, P. and Hayes, D. (eds.), Continent-ocean interactions within East Asian marginal seas. American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph, v.149, p.205-233.
  16. Lu, H., Kawasaki, T., Ukita, T., Moudrakovski, I., Fujii, T., Noguchi, S., Shimada, T., Nakamizu, M., Ripmeester, J. and Ratcliffe, C. (2010) Particle size effect on the saturation of methane hydrate in sediments-constrained from experimental results. Marine and Petroleum Geology, v.30, p.1-5.
  17. Long, P., Holland, M., Schultheiss, P., Riedel, M., Weinberger, J., Trehu, A. and Schaef, H. (2010) Infrared imaging of gas-hydrate-bearing cores: state of art and future prospects. In: M. Riedel., E.C. Willoughby. and S. Chopra. (eds.), Geophysical characterization of gas hydrates: SEG geophysical developments series no. 14, p.217-231.
  18. Milkov, A.V. and Sassen, R. (2002) Economic geology of offshore gas hydrate accumulations and provinces. Marine and Petroleum Geology, v.19, p.1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(01)00047-2
  19. Pinero, E., Gracia, E., Martinz-Ruiz, F., Larrasoana, J.C., Vizcaino, A. and Ercilla, G. (2007) Gas hydrate disturbance fabrics of southern hydrate ridge sediments (ODP Leg 204): relationship with texture and physical properties. Geo-Marine Letters, v.27, p.279-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-007-0077-z
  20. Riedel, M., Collett, T.S., Malone, M.J. and the Expedition 311 Scientists. (2006) Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Volume 311, Washington, DC.
  21. Ryu, B.J., Riedel, M., Kim, J.H., Hymdman, R., Lee, Y.Y., Chung, B.H. and Kim, L.S. (2009) Gas hydrates in the western deep-water Ulleung Basin, East Sea of Korea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, v.26, p.1483-1498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.02.004
  22. Satoh, M., Maekawa, T. and Okuda, Y. (1996) Estimation of amount of methane and resource of gas hydrates in the world and around Japan. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, v.102, p.59-71.
  23. Sloan, E.D. and Koh, C.A. (2008) Clathrate hydrates of natural gases (Third edition). CRC Press, New York, 721p.
  24. Su, X., Song, C.B. and Fang, N.Q. (2006) Relationship between sediment granulometry and the presence of gas hydrate on Hydrate Ridge. In: Trrhu, A.M., Bohrmann, G., Torres, M.E. and Colwell, F.S. (eds.), Proceedings of Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, v.204, p.1-30.
  25. Trehu, A.M., Bohrmann, G., Rack, F.R., Torres, M.E., Bangs, N.L., Barr, S.R., Borowski, W.S., Claypool, G.E., Collett, T.S., Delwiche, M.E., Dickens, G.R., Goldberg, D.S., Gracia, E., Guerin, G., Holland, M., Johnson, J.E., Lee, Y.J., Liu, C.S., Long, P.E., Milkov, A.V., Riedel, M., Schultheiss, P., Su, X., Teichert, B., Tomaru, H., Vanneste, M., Watanabe, M. and Weinberger, J.L. (2003) Proceedings of Ocean Drilling Program, initial reports, 204. [CD-ROM]. Available from: Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845-9547, U.S.A.
  26. Trehu, A.M., Long, P.E., Torres, M.E., Bohrmann, G., Rack, F.R., Collett, T.S., Goldberg, D.S., Milkov, A.V., Riedel, M., Schultheiss, P., Bangs, N.L., Barr, S.R., Borowski, W.S., Claypool, G.E., Delwiche, M.E., Dickens, G.R., Gracia, E., Guerin, G., Holland, M., Johnson, J.E., Lee, Y.J., Liu, C.S., Su, X., Teichert, B., Tomaru, H., Vanneste, M., Watanabe, M. and Weinberger, J.L. (2004) Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: constraints from ODP Leg 204. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v.222, p.845-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.035
  27. Torres, M.E., Trehu, A.M., Cespedes, N., Kastner, M., Wortmann. U.G., Kim J.H., P. Long., Malinverno, A., Pohlman J.W., Riedal M. and Collett, T.S. (2008) Methan hydrate formation in turbidite sediments of northern Cascadia, IODP Expedition 311. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v.271, p.170-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.03.061
  28. Uchida, T. and Tsuji, T. (2004) Petrophysical properties of natural gas hydrate-bearing sands and their sedimentology in Nankai Trough. Resources Geology, v.54, p.79-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2004.tb00189.x
  29. UBGH2 Scientists (2010) Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Drilling Expedition 2. preliminary report, 710p. (unpublished report).
  30. Weinberger, J.L., Brown, K.M. and Long, P.E. (2005) Painting a picture of gas hydrate distribution with thermal images. Geophysical Research, v.32, p.1-4.
  31. Yang, S., Zhang, H., Wu, N., Su, X., Schultheiss, P., Holland, M., Zhang, G., Liang, J., Lu, J. and Rose, K. (2008) High concentration hydrate in disseminated forms obtained in Shenhu area, north slope of south China Sea. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008).

Cited by

  1. Drilling of gas hydrate reservoirs vol.35, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.09.058