• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2024

This study was conducted in Cheonan, the middle region of South Korea, to evaluate the forage characteristics of six medium maturing Italian ryegrass varieties: 'Kowinmaster', 'IR 601', 'IR 602', 'IR 603', 'IR 604' and 'IR 605'. In growth characteristics, 'Kowinmaster' exhibited the earliest heading date on April 30, while 'IR 601' exhibited the latest on May 17. 'IR 601' exhibited the highest lodging resistance, and all varieties demonstrated excellent disease resistance, waterlogging tolerance, and cold tolerance. 'IR 603', 'IR 604', and 'IR 605' demonstrated above-average plant length, with 'IR 604' reaching the longest at 114.8 cm. In productivity, 'IR 602' and 'IR 605' produced the highest total dry matter yield, each exceeding 12,800 kg/ha. Regarding feed values, 'Kowinmaster' recorded the highest RFV and TDN at 119.18 and 66.07%, respectively, with 'IR 605' exhibiting the second highest. 'IR 604' and 'IR 601' demonstrated crude protein concentrations over 9%, with 'IR 604' exhibiting the highest at 9.74%. Analysis of monosaccharide content in Italian ryegrass revealed that 'IR 605' exhibited the highest glucose and fructose content at 23.35 g/kg and 50.70 g/kg, respectively. In summary, 'IR 602' exhibited the highest productivity, 'Kowinmaster' recorded the highest feed value, and 'IR 605' exhibited the highest glucose and fructose content. Therefore, 'IR 605' is considered the most outstanding variety due to its superior productivity, second highest feed value, and significant monosaccharide content.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.632-637
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• 2001

Components of polysaccharides isolated from ascidian tunic were measuerd by gel filtration, electrophoresis and chemical analyses. The sulfated polysaccharides consisted in sulfate, protein, uronic acid and amino sugars. Hexosamines were composed of arabinose, xylose, glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine by gas chromatography analysis. The galactose was predominant hexose after autoclave and nutrase digestion followed by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and gel-permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and G-25. FT-IR spectra of isolated polysaccharides from ascidian tunic and standard chondroitin sulfates have similar functional groups of the type of vibration and frequency. Molecular weight of isolated polysaccharides by autoclave represented more than 40 kDa by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. But the neutrase treatment group divided into three band. The highest molecular band group was shown more than 100 kDa, and the two low molecular band group were shown about 22 kDa and 5 kDa, respectively, compare to standard materials.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.589-597
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• 1995

Protein-bound polysaccahrides(PBP) were isolated, purified, and characterized from the sawdust media after harvesting the fruit body of Flammulina velutipes. The yield of the crude PBP(Fr.CA) extracted from the sawdust media, was 0.367% relative to the original sawdust media. The total sugar and protein contents of Fr.CA were 19.8% and 23.8% respectively. Using the membrane filtration, the fraction of which the molecular weight is over 300 kDa(Fr.A) was isolated from the Fr.CA and the yield was 44.6% relative to the Fr.CA. This result indicates that high molecular PBP is the dominant components of the Fr.CA. The Fr.A was separated into three fractions (Fr.A-1, Fr.A-2 and Fr.A-3) whose yields are 5.8%, 8.5% and 13.2% respectively. These fractions were further purified using gel filtration, obtaining a single peak in each fraction that considered as pure PBP Among them, the yield of Fr.A-1-${\alpha}$ was 20.9% relative to the Fr.A-1, and the molecular weight was 800 kDa. Monosaccharide components such as glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and fucose could be detected all fractions by a HPLC analysis. Especially in the Fr.A-1-${\alpha}$ fraction, the content of glucose and galactose appeared to be high.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.308-318
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• 2013

Korean soybean varieties, 'Seonyu' and 'Hwangkeum' were planted in 2012, and three temperature gradient, Tc($19.8^{\circ}C$, ambient temperatured), $Tc+1.7^{\circ}C$, and $Tc+2.5^{\circ}C$, were artificially created by controlling the green house system during seed filling period. Mature seeds that developed under these conditions were analyzed for variances in physicochemical properties. The 100-seed weight and seed-coat ratio of soybean were decreased, but small seed rate was increased by high temperature during seed filling period. Protein content was increased, but oil content was decreased significantly with increasing the seed filling temperature. The decrement of carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), and the increment of monosaccharide, fructose and sucrose, in seeds explained that carbohydrate assimilation during seed filling was restricted by high temperature. Rapid increments of seed volume and weight were observed in the seeds of high seed filling temperature, but as soaking time increased the highest values were observed in the seeds of ambient seed filling temperature. The 100-seed weight and seed-coat ratio of soybean were closely related not only to the increment of soaking volume and weight, but also the increments of total dissolved solids (TDS) and electro conductivity (EC). Whereas protein content and C/N ratio showed less relationship with the soaking properties, but they had a positive correlation with TDS and EC. From the results, it was considered that high values of TDS and EC in the seeds of high temperature were mainly due to the incomplete conversion of assimilates into storage compounds. However, sugar content showed less influence on the soaking properties and the values of TDS and EC.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1191-1197
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• 2000

In the preliminary study, we investigated the anti-complementary activities of 62 extracts from Korean edible seaweeds. Of those, Pachymeniopsis elliptica showed the highest anti-complementary activity. Therefore, it was purified as follows; i) PE-1 by ethanol precipitation, ii) PE-1-C by ultrafiltration, iii) PE-1-CIV by DEAE-Toyopearl 650C, and iv) PE-1-CIV-ii by Sepharose CL-6B. The purified compound, PE-1-CIV-ii, was the complexed homogeneous polysaccharide (molecular mass: 780 kDa) with 82.9% of anti-complementary activity. Also, it contained a significant amount of sulfate group (30.5%), which indicated it as a sulfated algal polysaccharide. Its structural monosaccharides were galactose (44.3%), 3,6-anhydrogalactose (34.0%), glucose (8.2%), fucose (5.4%), xylose (5.2%) and rhamnose (2.9%). After the treatment of periodate on a sample, a significant decrease in anti-complementary activity was found, which was a characteristic of bioactive polysaccharides. And-tumor activity of PE-1-A, B and C was tested in the sarcoma-180 solid tumor model. The PE-1-C with the largest molecular mass (more than 300 kDa) showed 81% of inhibition on the solid tumors, suggesting that the anti-complementary activity was, at least in part, related to anti-tumor activity. Based upon these results, the purified polysacchardes could be an immunopotentiator in vivo.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.511-514
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• 2015

A pretreatment process of cellulose decomposition to a monosaccharide plays an important role in the cellulosic ethanol production using the lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, a cellulosic ethanol was produced by using acidic hydrolysis and enzymatic saccharification process from the lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw, sawdust, copying paper and newspaper. Three different pretreatment processes were compared; the acidic hydrolysis ($100^{\circ}C$, 1 h) using 10~30 wt% of sulfuric acid, the enzymatic saccharification (30 min) using celluclast ($55^{\circ}C$, pH = 5.0), AMG ($60^{\circ}C$, pH = 4.5), and spirizyme ($60^{\circ}C$, pH = 4.2) and also the hybrid process (enzymatic saccharification after acidic hydrolysis). The yield of cellulosic ethanol conversion with those pretreatment processes were obtained as the following order : hybrid process > acidic hydrolysis > enzymatic saccharification. The optimum fermentation time was proven to be two days in this work. The yield of cellulosic ethanol conversion using celluclast after the acidic hydrolysis with 20 wt% sulfuric acid were obtained as the following order : sawdust > rice straw > copying paper > newspaper when conducting enzymatic saccharification.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.31 no.1 s.57
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• pp.135-140
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• 1995

Glycation occurs by covalent binding between the carbonyl group of monosaccharides and the epsilon amino group of amino acid. It can alter the physiological function of proteins and causes the development of diabetic complications. In this study, the influence of glycation on protein binding of warfarin and dansylsarcosine was studied by equilibrium dialysis which was performed for 3 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ in the water bath. The high glycated albumin which contained $50{\pm}16%$ of glycated albumin bound less than natural albumin which contained $8.5{\pm}5.28%$ of glycated albumin, if drugs concentration were more than the albumin concentration. But only warfarin binding showed a significant difference of 6% (P<0.05) when the molar concentration ratio of warfarin per albumin was 3. In consideration of low therapeutic concentrations, low glycated albumin concentrations in the body, and rapid elimination of excessive free drugs, these small increaes of free warfarin concentrations by glycation of albumin are not considered as risk. factors for drug intoxication for diabetics, if renal functions are intact.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2004

The effects of liquid culture conditions and nutrient sources on the formation of protein-binding polysaccharide (PS) in Cordyceps militaris were examined. The formation amount of PS was increased in proportion to the growth rate of mycelium, in case of higher aeration or lower acidity. The optimum growth temperature of the mycelia was 25$^{\circ}C$ for the formation of PS. The optimum carbon source and nitrogen source were glucose and peptone, respectively. The ratio of C/N was optimal with 3％ glucose to 0.5 ％ peptone. The sugar composition in the PS was greatly changed according to the carbon sources. The mycelium of Cordyceps militaris by liquid culture showed a higher electron donating ability than that by solid culture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1998

Protoplasts were isolated from the parenchyma supension cultured cells of Streptanthus tortus using hydrolytic enzymes, 0.03% cellulase + 0.02% pectinase. Phloem cells and companion protoplasts were isolated from differentiated suspension cultured cells using hydrolytic enzymes, 0.2% macerase + 0.03% cellulase + 0.02% pectinase + 0.025% rohamet PC. Isolated parenchyma -and companion- protoplasts transported glucose into the cells, but not transported sucrose at all. On the other hand, isolated phloem cells transported sucrose into the cells actively, but not transported glucose. These results show for the first time that loading of sucrose into the phloem cells without nucleus was possible without contributing of companion cells and companion cells had not the ability to transport sucrose directly because of lack of sucrose carriers in the membrane. The sucrose transport into the isolated phloem cells depend on metabolic energy.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 1983

To find antitumor components with low toxicity in the Basidiomycetes of Korea, the carpophores of Flammulina velutipes (Fr.) Singer were extracted with hot water for eight hours. The extract was purified by dialyzing through Visking tube and a protein-bound polysaccharide fraction was obtained as pale brownish amorphous powder after freeze-drying. The fraction was examined for antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 implanted subcutaneously in the left groin in ICR mice. The inhibition ratio of this fraction against the tumor was 62.3% at the dose of 10mg/kg/day for the period of ten days. The tumors in three of the ten treated mice were completely regressed. The chemical analysis of the antitumor component by anthrone and Lowry-Folin methods showed that it consisted of a polysaccharide (42.4%) and a protein (24.5%). The hydrolysis of the polysaccharide moiety with 3% HCl-MeOH and trimethysilylation of the hydrolyzate yielded five monosaccharides which were identified by G.L.C. Several amino acids were identified by an amino acid autoanalyzer in the acid hydrolyzate of the protein moiety.