• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.68-78
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• 2019

In modern society, the paradigm of terrorism is shifting to the form of soft targets focusing on an unspecified number of people, which is different from previous terrorist tendencies, and frequent attacks using chemicals. Therefore, this study analyzed the evacuation environment and characteristics, manual analysis of a terror response manual, and the domestic chemical management status of multi-use facilities, and proposed the following management measures for chemical terror prevention in multi-use facilities. First, a multi-use facility guideline for prompt onsite response is proposed. Second, an improvement plan is suggested through the analysis of the manual for counter terrorism. Third, integrated management is proposed through the selection of chemicals available for terrorism. Through this, it is expected that an additional improvement plan will be prepared for countermeasures against chemical terrorism in multi-use facilities. In the future, it will be necessary to analyze the problems through cases of foreign countries and take customized countermeasures.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.379-389
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• 2024

Purpose and Method: Crowed Events can lead to sudden accidents caused by unpredictable variables. Therefore, focusing on the '10.29 Itaewon accident' among the representative cases, we examined the accident as the process of occurrence. In addition, improvement measures were suggested through analysis of related legal systems. Result: In the Itaewon accident, a "colony wave phenomenon" occurred due to "ultra-high-density cluster stay". In addition, cluster destruction occurred from a weak location in the cluster due to clusters and pressures in different directions to avoid this. Looking at the laws related to the safety management of Crowed Events, the laws and regulations differ depending on the location and type. Due to the complementary nature of the approach to the legal blind spot, the legal system that uses similar terms of the same concept and is not systematic is causing uncertainty in the application and interpretation of the law. Conclusion: Crowd control and on-site management should be carried out for events when the cluster density is expected to reach 8 people/m² or reached. Consistency should be maintained through the unified application of legislation to related legislation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.311-313
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• 2023

군중눌림 사고 형태의 재난은 국내에서 경험과 연구가 미진한 재난의 형태이지만 세계적으로는 선진국이나 후진국을 가리지 않고 꾸준히 발생중이며, 2022년 10월 29일의 이태원 참사에서 보듯이 국가사회에 엄청난 파급력과 영향을 주는 재난이다. 따라서 군중눌림 사고를 이해하고 발전된 학술적 접근 방식을 통하여 최소한의 예방, 대비, 대응 수준에 이르러야 하나 국내에서는 그 연구가 미진하고 용어와 개념 정립도 되어 있지 않다. 군중눌림 사고는 그 본질 상 얼마 안 되는 짧은 골든 타임 내에 해결이 되지 않으면 대처 시간이 거의 없어 인명피해 대처가 매우 어렵다. 즉 질식으로 의식이 저하되는 피해자가 신고되어도 현장 도착 구급대원이 밀집된 군중을 뚫고 피해자에게 신속히 접근하기란 애무 어려워, 선진국들조차도 많은 인명피해를 내지만 뚜렷한 한 가지 해결책을 제시 못하고 있는 형편이다. 이러한 상황에서 군중압박 사고 관련 정립되지 않은 용어를 관련 개념과 같이 조사 정리하고, 과거 있었던 대표적 군중집회의 분류, 특성 등을 알아보며, 이를 기반으로 용어와 개념이 정리 및 표준화되는 기반이 되도록 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.4-4
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• 2023

C-band SAR 센서를 탑재한 수자원위성은 한반도 수자원 모니터링을 위해 개발되어 2025년 발사가 계획되어 있으며, 수변환경 및 부유물 탐지 및 다양한 활용이 기대되고 있다. 그 중 수변환경은 수변 생태계 안정성을 유지하는 역할을 담당하여 이에 대한 모니터링은 중요하다. s현장 관측 기반 탐지 방법과 비교하여 위성 원격탐사는 광범위한 지역을 반복적으로 관측하여, 연속적인 수변환경 및 부유물 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 이러한 특성에 기반하여 다양한 다중분광 및 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) 위성 원격탐사 자료를 바탕으로 수변환경 및 부유물의 탐지 연구가 이루어졌다. 특히 단일 영상만을 사용하는 기법에 비해 다중분광 및 SAR 영상을 융합하여 높은 정확도를 보인 바 있다. 초기 연구에서는 임계값 알고리즘 또는 현장관측 기반의 부유물 농도와 위성 자료간의 선형관계를 분석하는 단순한 알고리즘이 주를 이루었으나, 최근에는 RF, CNN 등 보다 복잡하고 다양한 인공지능 알고리즘이 적용되어 높은 정확도로 해당 문제들을 해결하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수자원위성 활용을 위해 인공지능 기반 수변환경 및 부유물 탐지 알고리즘을 개발하고자 한다. 수자원위성의 대체 자료로 유럽우주국의 Sentinel-1 A/B 위성의 C-band SAR 영상을 이용하였으며, 보조자료로 Sentinel-2 다중분광 영상을 이용하였다. 개발된 알고리즘은 수자원 관리를 위한 환경변화 탐지에 유용한 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2006

This paper describes a new program called GPS_QC needed to check the quality of GPS observations before post-processing so that the surveyors can be improved the precision of GPS data analysis. The GPS_QC was designed to calculate the quality control (QC) parameters such as data gaps, cycle slips, low elevation angle, inonspheric delay, multi-path effects and DOP etc, within the period of GPS observation. It can be used to read and calculate the QC parameters from RINEX files. This program gives users brief statistics, time series plots and graphs of QC parameters. The GPS_QC can simply be performed the quality checking of GPS data that was difficult for surveyors in the field. It is expected that we can be improved the precision of positioning and solved the time consuming problem of GPS observation.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.69-74
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• 2014

기후변화에 적극 대처하여 지속적이고 안정적인 용수 공급을 위해 기존의 용수 생산 공급망에 정보통신 기술(Information & Communication Technologies, ICT)을 접목한 지능형 물관리를 위해 '스마트 워터 그리드(smart water grid)'를 구축하고자 하는 다양한 노력이 최근 들어 지속되고 있다. 즉, 스마트 워터 그리드는 기존의 수자원 관리 시스템의 한계를 극복하기 위해 첨단 정보통신기술을 이용하는 고효율의 차세대 인프라 시스템으로 다양한 수원을 활용하고 물을 효율적으로 배분 관리 운송하여 수자원의 불균형을 해소하고, 첨단 센서 네트워크를 이용해 실시간으로 수자원망의 안정성을 모니터링하는 등 용수관리 전분야에 걸쳐 양방향 실시간으로 용수정보를 감시 대응하여 용수관리와 에너지 효율의 최적화된 메가시티(mega-city)에 적합한 지능형 물관리가 가능할 것으로 예상되는 시스템이다. 따라서 본 고에서는 선진화된 상수도시스템 운영을 위해서는 현장설비의 관측값을 감시하고 제어하는 시스템에서, 운영 방식이 변경될 때마다 운영 변수간의 인과관계를 분석하고 예측할 수 있는 시뮬레이션 기능이 탑재된 상수도 운영시스템이 요구되고 있는 실정에서 용수공급 시스템의 운영 상황을 모의할 수 있는 모형 개발 및 용수공급시스템의 운영룰 모의 및 운영의사결정에 적용할 수 있는 다중수원 워터루프 시스템과 운영관리할 수 있는 S/W를 개발 내용을 소개하였다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.86-93
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• 2010

The wear of railway track affects loss of rough ride, noise or vibration of train and traveling safety. Moreover as the track is worn away, this promotes destruction of structural mechanism of rail track which can bring about increasing of rail track maintenance cost drastically. For this reason, it is very important and interested research subject to design railway track structure and to analyse train movement mechanism based on systematic analysis of the reasons causing rail wear possible in real field. In this research, for the efficient maintenance, Life Cycle Performance of rail track and maintenance characteristics are computed considering some track components such as track type, contracting type, sleeper type and roadbed type. Time - Wear probabilistic distribution relationship as well as multiple regression analysis based on time, curvature and wear data are computed to predict the service life remainder of railway track and to be adapted to safety assessment.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.83-93
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• 2017

This study proposed the new weighting values and fault points of condition assessment items for reinforced earth retaining walls based on the combination the inspection data and hybrid weighting technique. Utilizing the inspection data of 161 reinforced earth retaining walls, multi regression analysis and entropy technique were applied to gain the weighting values of condition assessment items. In addition, the weighting values by AHP technique was analyzed based on the opinion of experts. By appling hybrid weighting technique to the calculated weighting values obtained by the individual technique, the new weighting values of condition assessment items were proposed, and the fault points and fault indices of reinforced earth retaining walls were proposed. Results showed that the rank of the weighting value of the condition evaluation items was fluctuated according to the multiple regression analysis, AHP technique, and entropy technique. There was no duplication of the rank of the weighting value while the current weighting value was overlapped. Specially, in the rsults of multi regression analysis, two condition assessment items were occupied 70% of the total weights. When the proposed weighting values were applied to existing reinforced earth retaining wall of 161, 16 reinforced earth retaining walls showed the increased risk rank and 31 represented the decreased risk rank.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.84-94
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• 2020

Modular architecture is very important not only in the design phase but also in the construction planning phase because it affects construction methods and module sizes depending on transport equipment. There are economic risks as well as quality, as there may be defects such as internal interiors or elimination of deadlines during transportation, and structural torsion caused by rainfall and shock. However, there is a lack of objective criteria or data to refer to in determining transport equipment that has a material effect on transport. Accordingly, there is no decision model to determine the optimum transportation equipment for each construction site. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a decision support model that can be compared to the review of transport equipment selection factors. The purpose of this study is to propose the transport equipment impact factors and decision support models for systematic review and objective decision making of each construction plan in the construction of small and medium-sized modulators. The decision model proposed in this study can be used as basic data for transport studies, ensuring objectivity and transparency in the equipment selection process.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.93-99
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• 2010

Since the facility management for various facilities in urban area are conducted by general managers who have poor knowledge for surveying technology, it is not easy to trace the exact location of the facility in a short time with the GIS map only by themselves in the field. In order to improve it, VRS-RTK or SBAS DGPS system integrated with UMPC and PDA which is uploaded GIS field software are being used recently however lot of difficulties are still existed with the GPS positioning in urban area due to the lack of visible satellites, no reception of correction data and multipath error by the interruption of the high buildings and houses etc. Therefore, in this study, we applied with Network DGPS system which allows better reception of satellite signal and correction data even in dense housing areas with the use of GNSS receiver and CDMA mobile phone. Based on the analysis of field data, it was confirmed that standard deviations of the Network DGPS positioning are 0.3 to 0.84m with a very high positioning rate even in dense housing areas. Therefore, it was concluded that the Network DGPS system could be used widely to fast and accurate positioning for various facilities management works in dense housing areas in the future.