• Korean Security Journal
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• no.19
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• pp.105-138
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• 2009

This study's purpose is to present the improvement of effectiveness of security activity for international conference among Several Countries which can be held hereafter. On the basis of security activity problems originating in APEC that had been held in Busan in 2005. I made up questions three times to on the members of the police, military, fire figher and national intelligence service who had experienced in Busan APEC and recognition of possible problem and possibility of improvement on each item of questions was analyzed by Delphi Method. Also interviews with 4 security experts selected from each security agency were conducted to present improvement in each part of problem. The results obtained from the face to face interview with four experts of security-enforcement agency about the role and importance of site activity stage for international conference among several countries are as followings ; First, the system that experienced security-enforcement agents can be selected for the next national security event is needed, by data-basing the security-enforcement agents who were experienced in security event as man power management. Second, the middle-term plan for the introduction of high-tech equipment and joint inspection with relevant security agents are needed for the efficient explosive technical detection. Third, high-tech security equipment could be introduced through the international high-tech security equipment exhibition. Fourth, an anti-terrorism plan should be measured by sharing information through the cooperation with domestic and international intelligence agency. Fifth, public relations should be measured systematically by organization rather than agents' individual public relations. Sixth, political consideration to secure integrative coordination with other agency is needed for security activity, through normal cooperation with fire fighting related agency such as an electric, gas, elevator company. Seventh, a definite press guideline is needed for a convenient news coverage and safety during security event.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1994.06a
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• pp.29-40
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• 1994

지난 7년간을 끌어오던 우루과이 라운드 협상이 우리나라 농민을 비롯한 온 국민의 심각한 우려와 관심하에 마침내 1993년 12월 15일에 스위스 제네바의 GATT 다자간 회의에서 타결되었고 1994년 4월 16일 모로코 마라케시의 협상국 각료 회의에서 최종 서명됨과 동시에 세계무역기구(WTO)가 발족됨으로서 활을 비롯한 15개 작목의 비교역적 기초농산물마저도 예외없이 국제적 관방이 불가피하게 되었다. 이와 같은 현실하에서 국민 기본식량의 안전보장, 국토의 생태환경보전, 전통문화 및 경제사회문화의 안여적 발전등에 기본역할을 하고 있는 벼농사를 지키기 위해서는 금후 2004년까지 10년의 유예기간을 통하여 국산미 품질의 상섬화 및 다양화, 성력화 및 생산비 저감재배, 안전적 재배기술 혁신에 의한 생산성의 극대화, 가공 및 유통의 개선등으로 국제 영향력을 획기적으로 높여 나가야 할 것이다. 따라서 본보에서는 국내산 쌀의 국제경쟁력을 강화하기 위한 찰 정질의 고유화 및 다양화와 성력화의 비용 및 생산성 제고에 대하여 품종개량 및 재배기술면에서 중점적으로 검토해 보고자 한다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.326-335
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• 1999

본 논문은 분산환경에서 객체 공유를 통하여 서로 다른 전문가들의 협력 작업과 개발팀 구성원간에 정보 공유, 상호의존적 업무 수행, 공동의 산출물 생성등의 작업을 지원하는 공유시스템의 설계 및 구현에 관한 것이다. 분산 공유 시스템은 ITU-T의 멀티미디어 회의 국제 표준인 T.130 시리즈를 근간으로 회의 세션관리, 동적 참여와 발언권 제어를 하는 회의 제어기, 멀티 캐스팅 통신을 지원하는 다자간 통신서비스, 응용프로그램 객체를 공유하게 하는 공유 기법으로 중앙 집중형 구조를 갖는 GUI 공유 방식과 복제 구조를 지원하기 위하여 이벤트 공유 방식을 지원하는 원격제어기가있으며 사용자 정보와 공유시 필요한 정보 관리를 위한 데이터베이스 프로세서로 구성되어 있다. 따라서 각 구성요소에 대한 설명과 전송량이 많은 GUI공유기에서 시스템 성능 향상의 주된요소인 네트워크 부하를 줄이는 셀(cell)단위의 전송 메커니즘에 대하여 기술하고 있다.

• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.98-106
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• 2007

한 나라의 우주개발은 막대한 예산과 많은 시간이 소요되기 때문에 정부주도로 연구개발사업을 시작하는 것이 대체적인 선례이다. 하지만 때로는 우주개발을 지역사회나 주변 국가들과의 상황에 따라 생존을 위한 방편으로도 활용될 수 있다. 이러한 우려를 불식시키거나 완화하자는 차원에서 국제사회가 다자간 협의체인 미사일기술통제체제(MTCR, Missile Technology Control Regime)을 1987년부터 시작하여 매년 총회 및 회기간 회의를 통하여 국제사회에서 대량파괴무기의 운반체로 미사일이나 무인항공기 등과 관련된 시스템 및 부품 등의 기술이전 등에 관하여 규제를 하고 있는 것이다. 최근 국제사회에서 핵 프로그램 및 미사일 문제로 논쟁의 핵심이 되고 있는 이란에 대하여 우주개발과 미사일기술통제체제의 규제 등의 관점에서 본 논문을 검토하고자 한다.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.193-222
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• 2011

Our country successfully hosted the G20 summit in Seoul in November, 2010. Afterwards, however, the Yeonpyungdo shelling incident took place by the North, and the North Korean nuclear issue have strained interKorean relations. Our country is going to host the nuclear security summit, which is of great significance at this point of time. The nuclear security summit is to be attended by 47 countries. The participant countries of this summit is larger in number than those of the ASEM, APEC and the G20 summit that our country has ever hosted. That is a large-scale international conference that invites the UN, the IAEA and the EU, which are three major nuclear-related international organizations. A successful hosting of the nuclear security summit will serve as an opportunity to boost our country's national prestige, and is likely be beneficial to the settlement of the North Korean nuclear issue. Like other international submits in foreign countries, however, violent anti-globalization demonstrations are expected to occur when the nuclear security summit is held in April next year. The purpose of this study was to make a case analysis of demonstrations during multilateral international conferences hosted by foreign countries over ten years between 1999 and 2009, to examine the controversial points over the demonstrations, and ultimately to seek ways of ensuring safety against possible assemblies and demonstrations during the forthcoming nuclear security summit, which is scheduled to be held in April next year. The findings of the study on feasible security measures are as follows: First, information and intelligence gathering should be reinforced, and the inspection should be stepped up. Second, pacification among domestic NGOs and the supplementation of the existing legal devices are required. Third, publicity should be strengthened. Fourth, riot police officers should be selected as early as possible to bolster their education and training, and more reinforced emergency measures should be taken. It's needed to seek assistance from the military as one of emergency measures, and national defense readiness should be bolstered across the nation in collaboration with the Ministry of National Defense when the summit is near at hand. Finally, CBR countermeasures should be taken in preparation for CBR terrorism.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.331-335
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• 2000

영상 채팅은 기존의 문자 위주의 채팅에서 벗어나 멀티미디어 시대에 맞출 영상과 음성을 지원할 뿐만 아니라, 파일을 전송할 수도 있는 멀티미디어 기반의 채팅 시스템이다. 특히, 이 멀티미디어 채팅 시스템을 통해 화상통화를 할 수 있고, 또한 국제 전화 및 시외전화를 사용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 문자기반 채팅 서비스와 차별화 된 고품질의 멀티미디어 데이팅 시스템을 개발하여, 네트워크를 통해 5인 이상이 참여하는 데이팅에서 참가자의 음성과 문자는 실시간 전송된다 초당 15 프레임 이상 비디오를 동시에 송수신 할 수 있다. 기존의 방법과는 달리 본 시스템은 ITU의 영상회의 표준인 H.323에 근거하여 수정하여 사용하였으며, 실질적으로 가장 중요한 비디오$\boxUl$오디오 코덱은 권고안에 충실히 따랐다.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.73-81
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• 2017

In April 2009, in the wake of President Obama's Prague speech, the international community held four nuclear sec urity summits from 2010 to 2016 to promote nuclear security and prevent nuclear terrorism. The Nuclear Security S ummit has made significant progress in preventing terrorists from attempting to acquire nuclear weapons or fissile materials, but it still has limitations and problems. To solve this problem, the international community should resume the joint efforts for strengthening bilateral cooperation and multilateral nuclear security regime, and the participating countries should strive to protect their own nuclear materials and fulfill their commitments to secure nuclear facilitie s. Second, the United Nations(UN), the IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency), International Criminal Police Or ganization(INTERPOL), the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism(GICNT), and the Global Partnership(G P) must continue their missions to promote nuclear security in accordance with the five action plans adopted at the Fourth Nuclear Security Summit. Third, the participating countries should begin discussions on the management and protection of military nuclear materials that could not be covered by the Nuclear Security Summit. Fourth, the intern ational community must strive to strengthen the implementation of the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuc lear Material(CPPNM) Amendment and International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrori sm(ICSANT), prepare for cyber attacks against nuclear facilities, and prevent theft, illegal trading and sabotage invo lving nuclear materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2016

최근 기후변화로 인한 수문기상학적인 극한 사상들은 점점 대형화되고 있고, 그 발생빈도 또한 잦아지고 있다. 인구의 증가와 급격한 도시화, 자산 가치의 증가 등으로 물과 관련된 재해로 인한 피해는 점점 더 규모가 커지고 있다. 홍수와 가뭄, 허리케인, 쓰나미와 같이 물과 관련된 재해는 그 영향을 받는 사람들의 수로 본다면 지구상의 재해 중 90%를 차지하고 있을 만큼 그 규모가 크다 할 수 있으며, 전세계적으로 물관련 재해로 인한 재산상의 피해를 약 1,000억 달러 규모로 추산하고 있는데, 2030년에는 그 현재의 두 배가 될 것으로 예측하고 있다. 이와 같은 재해로 인한 피해는 개도국이나 최빈국뿐만 아니라 관련 인프라가 잘 구축되어 있는 선진국 또한 예외는 아니다. 2015년 9월 UN 세계지속가능 정상 회의에서 각국의 수반들 또한 17개의 "지속가능개발목표(Sustainable Development Goals; SDGs)"를 채택함으로서 post-2015 아젠다가 세계를 지속가능하고 균형 있게 바꾸어 나가기 위해서 취해야 하는 가장 시급하고 필요한 과감한 혁신적인 조치임을 인식하였다. 재해경감과 지속가능개발은 2005년 채택된 "효고프레임웍(Hyogo Framework for Action) 2005-2015"에서 도 중요하게 다루어 졌다. 2015년 3월 제3차 세계재해경감대회에서 채택된 "센다이 프레임웍(Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction) 2015-2030"은 Post-2015 개발의제의 첫 번째 합의 결의안이라 할 수 있으며, 인명피해의 실질적인 감소와 재해에 의한 영향으로 피해 보는 사람들의 수를 줄이고, 경제적 손실과 대형 인프라 피해의 경감을 주요 타겟으로 하고 있다. 이와 같은 리질리언스의 중요성은 SDGs의 Goal 11인 "안전하고 지속가능한 도시와 정주지 조성(Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable)"에서 강조되고 있을 뿐만 아니라 다양한 골에서 재해로 부터의 리질리언스 확보에 대한 필요성을 강조하고 있다. 재해 위험을 경감시키기 위해서 국제적으로, 지역적으로 또는 국경을 넘어서는 협력 관계의 구축이 중앙정부나 지방정부를 비롯한 국가적으로 절대적으로 필요한 노력이라 할 수 있다. 특히나, Post-2015 개발 아젠다에 대한 기후변화와 재해경감을 위한 금융지원을 포함한 최빈국, 개도국, 군소 도서국가들과 중견국 선진국들의 양자간이나 다자간 협력 채널을 통한 역량 강화가 필요하다.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.22
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• pp.37-64
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• 2010

Since the September 11, 2001, the motives and objectives of terrorism that have been targeted at hard targets such as key national facilities have now shifted towards soft targets such as subways, department stores, and tourist hotels; the attacks on these soft targets are steadily increasing. Simultaneous, unconventional, and indiscriminate terrorist attacks on civilians has also increased. In November, 2010, nearly forty states of the G20 and B20 (Business 20) will join in international summits to be hosted in Seoul. This coming July, an additional 350 troops will be deployed to Afghanistan for the sustainment of public security. Such events are sensitive topics, and there is the possibility of terrorist movement. Korea has successfully hosted various international events such as the APEC and ASEM Summits, and the 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup. The experiences from these events must be applied to ensure the safety of public facilities against the dangers of terrorism. First, counter-terrorism center must be established for the long-term, above the General Officer level to ensure the safety and efficiency of multilateral, international summits, as well as promoting policies and legislation aimed at preventing terrorism. Second, a terrorist threat management system must be secured and safety measures must be emphasized. Third, a fundamental structure must be established for the prevention of terrorism on public facilities, as well as legal and government action against the new threat of IED. Fourth, the police and fire fighting networks' must have a firm rapid response posture on the scene of an attack. Fifth, the state of mentality on the recognition of terrorist threats must be changed and restructured by promoting to and educating the population. Sixth, prevention measures must be established via research and academia. Seventh, for the guarantee of security in public facilities, safety management should employ cutting edge technology such as the 3D SICS and further develop and apply such technology. All methods and resources must be fully utilized for the establishment and strengthening terrorism prevention measures.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.193-202
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• 2006

The Consultative Meeting of the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and other matter, 1972 (London Convention 1972) has requested to International Maritime Organization (IMO) Marine Environmental Protection Committee to collaborate and help clarify a boundary issue between International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Shops, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL) and the London Convention concerning 'dumping' versus 'discharges' during normal operations of ships in 2004, and subsequently established a Joint London Convention/MEPC Correspondence Group. The Contracting Parties to London Convention expressed their environmental concerns on the broad interpretation of the "cargo-associated wastes" by the States, which could be discharged by ships under MARPOL. Regulatory regimes for the cargo residues appear to vary among states. Some countries require fur ships to discharge their cargo wastes into the port reception facility and IMO also recommends doing so. This paper examines the related current national and international legal texts for the regulation of disposal of wastes from ships in order to analyze the current global concern on the marine pollution associated with waste discharge during operations of ships. In particular, we attempt to evaluate the likely marine environmental consequences arising from the disposal of cargo residue using an hypothetical case for the coal cargo residue among bulk cargos in this paper, since location, magnitude and frequency of the discharge of coal cargo residues into the sea adjacent to Korean Peninsula are not readily available. The cargo residues may be discharged to the sea according to MARPOL 73/78; however, its marine environmental consequences can be significant depending upon the characteristics and amounts of wastes to be discharged. Also the public tolerance of the environmental consequences would be widely different among nations. Multilateral environmental agreements, in general, more strictly apply their rules if there are other options to disposal at sea, i.e. port reception facility in this case. Therefore, port reception facilities for the wastes generated by ships are recommended to be further constructed in major national ports in order to reduce the risk of environmental damages during the operations of ships.