• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1274-1280
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• 2011

The concentration of cordycepin produced by crossbred Cordyceps militaris JLM 0636 (CM${\alpha}$) was 7.42 mg/g dry weight, which was 7-fold higher than that of C. militaris (CM). However, cordycepin was not detected in Paecilomyces japonica (PJ). The improvement effects of CM${\alpha}$, CM and PJ on orotic acid (OA)-induced fatty liver in male Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated. Rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6) based on five dietary categories: normal (N), OA control (C), OA plus 3% (w/w) PJ (PJ), OA plus 3% CM (CM), and OA plus 3% CM${\alpha}$ (CM${\alpha}$). OA treatment induced the retardation of body weight gain and enlargement of the liver. The concentration of hepatic triglyceride was markedly increased by OA-feeding, whereas this rise was significantly reduced by simultaneous feeding of OA, PJ, CM, and CM${\alpha}$, and this phenomenon was more pronounced by cordycepin-enriched CM${\alpha}$. The contents of total lipid, triglyceride, and free fatty acid in the serum were significantly or slightly lower in the OA control group than those of the N group, but there were no significant differences among the OA treatment groups. The hepatocytes in the OA-induced fatty liver contained numerous large lipid droplets, but PJ, CM, and CM${\alpha}$ feeding prevented the OA-induced lipid droplet accumulation in the hepatocytes. This effect was more pronounced in cordycepin-enriched CM${\alpha}$ than in PJ or CM in OA treatment rats. Accordingly, cordycepin-enriched CM${\alpha}$ could be an ideal candidate material as a dietary supplement in healthy functional foods to improve the effects of fatty liver.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.77-80
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate infection process, symptoms and $LD_{50}$ values of the entomopathogenic fungus cordyceps, Paecillomyces japonica, on the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori. Susceptibility of infection in the silkworms by cordyceps, Paecillomyces japonica, was 100% in $10^{7}$ block, 96% in $10^{6}$ block, 76% in $10^{5}$ block, 44% in $10^{4}$ block, 28% in $10^{3}$ block and 8% in $10^{2}$ block. Cordyceps, Paecillomyces japonica, was highly infectious to the silkworms. A pathogenicities of cordyceps, Paecillomyces japonica, may be highly virulent because of the low resistance or high susceptibility of the silkworms. Dosage of the pathogen of $LD_{50}$ was $3.78{\times}10^{3}\;spores/mm^{3}$.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.663-669
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• 2000

As an attempt to develop new functional beverages, various ingredients including pine needle, P Japonica, C. Militaris, black tea, artemisia, cocoa, and persimmon leave tea, were used to make fermented beverages and their chemical and sensory properties were evaluated. The acidity of beverages produced was the highest in the one with C. Militaris, and the lowest in the ones with persimmon leave tea and pine needle. The pH of P Japonica beverage, 2.54, was the lowest among all. The sugar content was the highest in the one of C. Militaris and the lowest in cocoa-used one. In sensory evaluation, the fermented beverages prepared with persimmon leave tea, pine needle, and artemisia were significantly more preferable in acceptability than the others (p<.001). For purchase intention, the beverage prepared with persimmon leave tea got the highest score followed by the ones with pine needle and artemisia, and the scores of those three beverages were significantly higher than the others (p<.001). Hunter color test showed that fermented beverage added Black tea was the lowest in lightness, but the highest in redness and yet-lowness(p<.001). The beverages with high scores in sweet odor, sweet taste, and purchase intention were more favored in the sensory evaluation looking at the correlation among the sensory properties. And the lightness in color had a positive correlation, and the redness and yellowness had negative correlations with appearance quality of the beverages. Chemical properties like pH and acidity were negatively correlated with the acceptability, and the sugar content was positively correlated with sweet odor.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2001

Protein-polysaccharide fractions, PJ-3 and PJ-4, were prepared from mycelial culture filtrate of an insect-born fungus, Paecilomyces japonica DGUM 32001, and subjected to a flow cytometrical analysis for their vivo antitumor and immunomodulating activity in ICR mice. When i.p. injected once daily for semen days at 100 mg/kg, PJ-4 exerted a strong antitumor activity showing the growth inhibition ratio of 85.1% against i.p. implanted sarcoma 180 cells, while PJ-3 showed only a weak activity. Moreover, PJ-4 signiscantly increased the expression level of CD25 (IL-2R $\alpha$-chain) as well as forward scatter (FSC) values of splenic CD8$^{8}$ T cells. It is also noteworthy that PJ-4 strongly induced the peritoneal exudate cells in the same experiment. In an in vitro study, PJ-4 slightly inhibited the growth of sarcoma 180 cells at the concentration of 50$\mu$g/ml or higher. These results strongly suggest that PJ-4 might exert its antitumor activity through immunostimulation as well as direct inhibitory activity on the tumor cells.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract from Glycyrrhizae radix (GR) and ethanol extract from Glycyrrhizae radix cultured with Paecilomyces japonica mycelium (GRPM). Antimicrobial activity was measured by paper disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measurement of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. For the results of the paper disc diffusion assay, GRPM showed high antimicrobial activities against Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the MIC of GRPM (100 ppm) was lower than that of GR (200 ppm) against L. monocytogenes. When the morphology of L. monocytogenes treated with GRPM was observed using a FE-SEM, the surface of cells treated with GRPM were damaged, and some parts of the cell wall were destroyed. The inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was significantly increased by GRPM treatment. In conclusion, GRPM is superior to GR in terms of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1407-1414
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• 2011

This study is aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Cordycepin-enriched Cordyceps militaris (CM${\alpha}$) strain on orotic acid (OA)-induced fatty liver in rats. OA treatment induced the retardation of body weight gain and enlargement of the liver. The activities of liver marker enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Alk. phosphatase and Cholinesterase were increased when treated with OA, but these parameters were significantly decreased in the CM${\alpha}$ group. The current study observed significant elevations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels. However, among the OA groups, the CM${\alpha}$ group showed significantly low TBARS levels of hepatic homogenate. The OA group resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of plasma and hepatic glutathione, but these reductions were significantly increased in the CM${\alpha}$ group. These effects were more pronounced in the CM${\alpha}$ group than in the PJ or CM groups in Orotic acid treated rats. Accordingly, Cordycepin-enriched Cordyceps militaris (CM${\alpha}$) may be an ideal candidate for hepatoprotective effects in animal models.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.904-912
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• 2013

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of cordycepin-increased Cordyceps militaris strain on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6) based on six dietary categories: normal (N), $CCl_4$ control (C), $CCl_4$ plus Paecilomyces japonica (CPJ) (3%, w/w), $CCl_4$ plus C. militaris (CCM) (3%, w/w), and $CCl_4$ plus cordycepin-increased C. militaris ($CCM{\alpha}$) (3%, w/w). The activities of the liver marker enzymes ALT, AST, and LDH and the levels of lipid peroxidation were increased in the $CCl_4$-treated groups, but these parameters were significantly decreased in the $CCM{\alpha}$ group. The TBARS content in the liver homogenate, microsome, and mitochondrial fractions of the C group was significantly elevated compared with the N group. However, in the $CCl_4$-treated groups, $CCM{\alpha}$ group was significantly lowered in the TBARS levels of hepatic homogenate and microsomal fractions. The C group showed a significant decrease in the levels of plasma and hepatic glutathione, whereas they were significantly increased in the $CCM{\alpha}$ group. Accordingly, cordycepin-increased C. militaris may be an ideal animal model for studying hepatoprotective effects.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2001

This study was carried out to improve the liquid culture methods of Paecilomyces japonica. The results show that the size of granular mycelium is smaller when the shaking speed is increased. Especially, the granular mycelium is the smallest at the shaking speed of 150rpm under the photoperiod of 12L-12D. Dry weight of mycelium was averagely 1.216 g in the Sikworm larva (SL) medium, and the weight was 2 times heavier than in the Potato dextrose (PD) medium. By adding 6 g of 6 mmbeads in the SL medium, the dry weight is increased to 1.332 g. The optimal addition of silkworm larval powder to the culture medium for gest harvest was 1.360$\pm$0.67 g in dry weight.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.108-111
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• 2003

A infectious fungus (J131) recently isolated from artificial cultivation farms of Paecilomyces tenuipes is known to cause a great yield loss and deterioration of products. In this study, its occurrence and characterization were made. The isolate (J131) was identified as Paecilomyces farinosus (Holm ex S. F. Gray) Brown ＆ Smith. Colonies of the isolate on PDA grew moderately fast, attaining a diameter of 19mm within 14 days at 24${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$. Vegetative hyphae are smooth-walled and hyaline. Conidiophores mainly arose from the submerged mycelium, usually measuring 1.3-1.5$\mu\textrm{m}$ wide and consisted of verticillate branches with whorls of 2 to 4 phialides. Phialides of 3.8-5.8${\times}$1.5-1.8 $\mu\textrm{m}$, with a swollen basal portion tapered into a distinct neck of about 0.6-0.8 $\mu\textrm{m}$ wide. Conidia arisen from the phialides, were ellipsoidal to fusiform, smooth-walled, hyaline, 1.8-2.4${\times}$1.1-1.4$\mu\textrm{m}$. .When silkworm larvae were injected with concentration of 1${\times}$10$\^$8/ conidia/$m\ell$ of infectious fungus J131, infection rate was 41.3％ and synnemata formation rate was 23.6％. Black spots were appeared on the surface of silkworm larvae in 5-9 days after injection. The surface of larvae was covered with hyphae which were gradually turned into yellow from white color during the incubation period of 3-4 days. 1 to several 4-6mm long synnemata of yellow or orange color were formed on the surface. The matured synnemata were ramified from its end and produced much conidia of white color.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.6 s.84
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• pp.561-567
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Paecilomyces japonica mycelia(PJM) on pH, titrable acidity and microbiological qualify of Jeungpyun(fermented rice cake). Jeungpyun prepared with $0\~\%$ of PJM stored at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks and 7 days respectively. Before fermentation of Jeungpyun dough, viable cells of total bacterial counts(TBC), yeasts and lactic acid bacteria(LAB) were $6.0\~9.8\times10^6,\;5.3\~9.0\times10^6,\;5.4\~8.5\times10^6\;CFU/g$, respectively. During the fermentation of dough, viable cells of TBC, yeasts and LAB increased $0.3\~0.4$ log cycle and pH was decreased whereas acidity increased as the progress of fermentation. Total viable cells in Jeungpyun before storage were $5.0\times10^1\;CFU/g$. During storage of Jeungpyun, TBC, yeasts and LAB of control group increased 2.6, 2.4, 2.1 log cycle at $5^{\circ}C$ and 4.8, 4.6, 4.5 log cycle at $50^{\circ}C$, respectively, when reached at maximum level. Major microflora of Jeungpyun was composed of yeasts and LAB during fermentation of dough and storage at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$. Addition of PJM, inhibited the growth of microorganisms, the changes of PH and titrable acidity of Jeungpyun during storage at both of $5^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$. From these results, the addition of PJM extended the shelf-life of Jeungpyun during storage at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$.