• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.376-392
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• 2020

In Korea, damages to wooden cultural properties by termites have been reported all over the country, including Ulleungdo Island and Jeju Island. In order to reduce the damage caused by termites, most cultural properties damaged by them are treated with fumigation or drug treatment on the soil to kill or repel them. The number of treatments is decreasing due to cost and safety problems, and new methods needed to cope with this situation. After extracting an enzyme by selecting only worker termites from the termites collected in Shinan, Jeonnam, as a result of measuring the enzyme activity using xylan of cellulose and hemicellulose that are the components of wood, the activity of termite intestinal enzymes in xylan was higher than that of cellulose having a high molecular weight. Therefore, in this study, as a result of exploring over 600 species of medicinal plant extracts that inhibit the activity of termite intestinal enzymes using xylan as a substrate, the inhibitory effect was significant in Borneolum Syntheticum, Ephedra sinica, and Menthol. Selected Borneolum Syntheticum, Ephedra sinica, and Menthol's extracts not only inhibited the activity of termite intestinal enzymes, but also confirmed that they have insecticidal activation and inhibitory effects on feeding in the result of the direct treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

To confirm the function of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH), its metabolism was studied by activity, kinetics, and isozyme analysis in tissues of Ldh testis-specific C expressing mice (Mus musculus) maintained in a state of starvation for 48 hr and 96 hr. In skeletal muscle, liver, and eye tissues, LDH and LDH $A_4$ activity increased and anaerobic metabolism predominated. While LDH activity in the heart and kidney tissues decreased, LDH $B_4$ activity increased and aerobic metabolism predominated, producing pyruvic acid. In the testis tissue, LDH $C_4$ activity decreased. In the brain tissue, LDH activity increased, but the isozyme change was small and the amount of pyruvic acid decreased. $K{_m}^{PYR}$ increased in tissues other than kidney tissue, and the affinity for pyruvic acid decreased. Consequently, in Ldh-A and B-expressing tissues, the activities of isozymes with higher concentrations increased. However, in Ldh-A, B, and C-expressing tissue, $C_4$ decreased and the function of the tissue also decreased. In particular, LDH in brain tissue played a role as a pyruvate reductase. Therefore, this process might be the mechanism for producing energy in the state of starvation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.380-387
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• 2015

The anti-amnesic effect of Artemisia argyi H against trimethyltin (TMT)-induced learning and memory impairment and its neuroprotective effect against $H_2O_2$-inducedoxidative stress were investigated. Cognitive behavior was examined by Y-maze and passive avoidance test for 4 weeks, which showed improved cognitive functions in mice treated with the extract. In vitro neuroprotective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress were examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. A. argyi H. extract showed protective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity; moreover, LDH release into the medium was inhibited. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that eupatilin and jaceosidin were the major phenolic compounds in A. argyi H. extract. These results suggest that A. argyi H. could be a good source of functional substances to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2024

Forward head posture (FHP) is a representative postural deformation problem in people today, causing various physical and mental problems, but the effect of FHP on discomfort or distraction during rest is not well known. Accordingly, this study aims to demonstrate the effect of FHP on these brain functions by analyzing brain wave signals at rest. Thirty-three heavy users of computers participated in this study, and all of them exhibited functional FHP when using computers. All participants performed using both normal posture and FHP, and their brain waves were measured at rest while maintaining each posture for five minutes without stimulation. Brain wave signals were acquired using EEG with 32 channels, and through frequency analysis, changes in delta and beta waves, known to be closely related to discomfort and attention, were compared and analyzed depending on the posture. As a result, FHP showed a significant decrease in delta waves in nine channels compared to the normal posture, and a significant increase in beta waves in 14 channels, showing that FHP does affect brain function at rest. These changes are consistent with those that occur under conditions of psychological discomfort and distraction, and they appear to be because the increased discomfort caused by musculoskeletal changes in the FHP also affects brain activity. These can provide important results showing that posture correction can help improve brain function and psychological state at rest.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-100
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• 2005

This study attempted a new approach to the methods of identifying the scientifically giftedness in relation to the recent emphasis on the education for the scientifically gifted. This study focused on the processes of the cognition achievements, while only the results have been studied until now. Theoretical backgrounds about the ways of identifying the gifted, the research procedures about brain functions, and the information procedures about brain data were reviewed. Eleven scientifically gifted and 10 normal children from the 4th to the 6th grades were selected to analyze the characteristics of their brain waves with brain wave measuring instrument for PCs. The results showed that the scientifically gifted, while studying scientific and creative problems, used their right brain more than their left. When solving these problems, they utilized more of their theta and alpha brain waves than those normal children. In addition, theta brain waves of the scientifically gifted were rather active during these activities and this phenomenon was more distinctive in their right brain rather than their left. Thereby, this study implies that the characteristics of brain waves during the moments of solving certain problems can be used as a method to identify the scientifically gifted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2003

오디는 옛부터 보혈자음(補血滋陰), 생진윤조(生津閏操), 현훈이명(眩最耳鳴), 심계실면(心悸失眠), 수발조백(鬚髮早白) 등을 치료하는 효능을 가진다고 알려져 있다. 상심자(桑 子)라 하여 뽕나무 열매로서 한방에서 상심(桑 ), 상실(桑實), 오심(烏 ), 흑심(黑 ) 등으로 지칭되며, 뽕나무과(Moraceae)에 속하는 뽕나무(Morus alba L)의 성숙한 과실로 취화과(聚花果)에 속하며 작은 수과(瘦果)가 많이 모여 이루어진 장원형으로 길이 1 내지 2 cm, 지름 0.5 내지 0.8 cm이며 황갈색, 갈홍색 또는 암자색을 띠고 짧은 줄기가 있다. 작은 수과(瘦果)는 난원형으로 조금 납작한 편이며, 길이는 약 2 mm, 너비는 약 1 mm 이고 육질의 화편(花片) 4개가 둘러싸고 있다. 그러나 아직까지는 오디에 대하여 자연과학적인 연구방법을 이용하여 구체적으로 연구된 바가 많지 않다. 또한 이의 생리활성 성분에 대해서도 그 작용과 연관지어 보고된 바가 많지 않다. 뇌졸중 가운데 뇌조직으로 가는 혈액 공급의 감소 혹은 차단으로 발생되는 허혈성 뇌졸중(ischemic stroke)은 전체 뇌졸중 환자의 약 80%정도를 차지하고 있으나 아직까지 뇌신경세포 손상기전의 복잡성 등으로 뇌졸중으로 발생하는 뇌신경세포의 손상을 보호해 줄 수 있는 물질이 개발되어 있지 못한 실정이다. 한편, 천연물로부터 뇌허혈 보호작용을 가지는 물질의 도출은 주로 한방에서 처방을 중심으로 이루어지고 있으며, 따라서 처방으로부터 신경보호작용을 가지는 물질의 도출은 그 처방에 함유되어 있는 각종 생약이 갖는 다양한 활성으로 인해 어려운 점이 있으며, 비록 효과가 있다고 하더라도 과학적인 입증자료가 매우 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 위에 언급된 자료를 토대로 오디추출물이 뇌허혈에 효과가 있을 것이라는 가정하에 in vitro system을 이용하여 오디추출물의 신경보호작용기전을 검색하고자 DPPH radical 의 생성억제효과, PC12 cell line을 이용한 산화적 스트레스에 의한 오디추출물의 방어효과, LSP에 의하여 활성화된 BV-2 cell에 미치는 영향 등을 검색하였다. 오디의 DPPH 소거활성은 단일화랍물인 bacicalein과 유사한 효과를 나타냈으며 PC12 cell line을 이용한 산화적 스트레스에 의한 오디의 방어 효과는 LDH activity를 행한 결과 농도 의존적으로 LDH 유리 량을 감소시켰다. 뇌손상시에 오디추출물의 염증방어 효과를 관찰하기 위하여 microglial cell line인 BV2 세포주를 선택하여 배양한 후 LPS로 자극을 준 후 일차적인 염증지표인 NO양을 측정한 결과 BV2 cell에 LPS 100 ng/ml을 처리하는 경우 nitrite량이 유의적으로 증가하였는데 이때 오디추출물을 1, 5, 10 ug/ml의 용량으로 처리하는 경우 역시 저농도에서 NO생성량을 감소시켰다. 정리해보면 뽕나무과 식물인 오디는 신경보호효과가 있는 것으로 사료되는데 이러한 효과는 아마도 오디의 항산화효과에 기인한 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1127-1132
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• 2000

홍화(Carthamus tinctorius L.)의 씨. 순 및 꽃잎의 수용성 및 메탄올 추출물에 대하여 in vitro 실험계에서 항산화 활성을 비교 검토하였다. 성장기 흰쥐의 뇌 micro-some을 이용한 생테막 지질 과산화 억제정도는 꽃잎 수용성 추출물(97.19%)>순 메탄올 추출물(81.38%)>꽃잎 메탄올 추출물(64.99%)>씨 메탄올 추출물(64.95%) 순으로 나타났다. Limoleic acid 산화 실험계에서는 홍화씨 메탄올 추출물과 홍화씨 수용성 추출물에서 비교적 높은 항산화 활성을 보였다. DPPH 에 의한 수소공여능은 특히 순의 0.1% 메탄올 추출물에서 매우 높은 수소공여작용이 나타나 대조구인 BHT와 거의 비슷한 수준의 항산화 활성을 보였다. 이들 추출물의 폴리페놀 화합물 함량은 홍화 꽃잎 수용성 및 MeOH 추출물은 12.70% 및 8.05% 홍화씨 수용성 및 메탄올 추출물은 6.96% 및 12.34%, 홍화순 수용성 메탄올 추출물 및 메탄올 추출물이 8.75% 및 5.10%로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.173-178
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 영상음향의 사운드디자인 구조의 차이가 수용자에게 어떠한 감응도 변화가 있는가를 알아 보았다. 실험은 60초의 TV광고음향을 음악으로만 디자인한 음향트랙과(A), 음향효과와 음악으로 디자인한 음향트랙(B)을 청취하게 하여, 어떠한 사운드 구조가 감응도(주의력, 활성도, 감성도)에 더 유의한 영향을 미치는가를 알아 보았다. 실험은5명씩의 남.여 대학생을 대상으로 이루어 졌고 안정상태와 Fp1, Fp2를 중심으로 한 전두엽측정방식으로 한 뉴로피드백(Neuro feedback)뇌파측정방법으로 측정하였다. 그 결과, 음악으로만 디자인한 A음향트랙에서의 감응도는 주의((ATQ)와 활성도(ACQ), 감성도(EQ)모두가 증가했으나 B트랙보다는 낮았다. 음악+효과음으로 디자인한 B트랙에서는 주의력(ATQ), 활성도(ACQ),는 A트랙보다 증가하였으나 EQ(감성도)는 반대로 A트랙보다 낮았다. 결과적으로 영상에서 음향은 주의력과 활성도 에는 기본적으로 뇌의 변화에 작용하나 정서적인 면은 역시 음악이 유효한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 강한 효과음들은 음악보다 주의력과 집중도를 높이기는 하나 스트레스적(SQ)지수는 오히려 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 방송과 영화 등의 사운드구조는 영상과의 호흡을 기본으로 하지만 실제로 시각정보와 청각정보가 동시에 합쳐져서, 심리적으로 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 뇌신경측정으로 고찰한 것에 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.157-172
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of number of targets on common knowledge generation and brain activity during the common life science discovery task performance. In this study, 35 preliminary life science teachers participated. This study was intentionally made a block designed for EEG recording. EEGs were collected while subjects were performing common discovery tasks. The sLORETA method and the relative power spectrum analysis method were used to analyze the brain activity difference and the role of activated cortical and subcortical regions according to the degree of difficulty of common discovery task. As a result of the study, in the case of the Theta wave, the activity of the Theta wave was significantly decreased in the frontal lobe and increased in the occipital lobe when the difficult difficulty task was compared with the easy difficulty task. In the case of Alpha wave, the activity of Alpha decreased significantly in the frontal lobe when performing difficult task with difficulty. Beta wave activity decreased significantly in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and occipital lobe when performing difficult task. Finally, in the case of Gamma wave, activity of Gamma wave decreased in the frontal lobe and activity increased in the parietal lobe and temporal lobe when performing the difficult difficulty task compared to the task of easy difficulty. The level of difficulty of the commonality discovery task is determined by the cingulate gyrus, the cuneus, the lingual gyrus, the posterior cingulate, the precuneus, and the sub-gyral where it was shown to have an impact. Therefore, the difficulty of the commonality discovery task is the process of integrating the visual information extracted from the image and the location information, comparing the attributes of the objects, selecting the necessary information, visual work memory process of the selected information. It can be said to affect the process of perception.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 1987

Lipie peroxide formation, antiperoxidative s system and body adaptability for handling lipid p peroxide were examined in the first and second g generations of rats fed fish oil. Mackerel oil(MO) was used and four other dietary oils and fat, i.e. soybean oil(SO), perilla oil(PO), rapeseed oil(RO) and beef tallow(BT) were also employed to compare the effect of fish oil. Synthetic diets containing these five dietary fats at the level of 1O%(w/w), were given to the correspond­m ing groups of male and female rats weighing about 70 grams. After 34 days of feeding, male a and female rats were mated and their offsprings were raised throughout suckling (17, 26 days) and weanling (39 days) periods. Liver lipid pero­x xide level was highest in MO group of both first (mother rats after lactation) and second genera­t tions of 17 and 26 days old, but not of 39 days old. During suckling period, liver lipid peroxide level was well matched to total unsaturation of dietary fat. Brain lipid peroxide levels were not different among five groups. Liver $alpha$-tocopherol a and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were lowest in MO fed first generation. In second generation, $alpha$-tocopherol level was also low in MO group, although the effect was less pronoun­c ced, but GSH level was not different from other groups. Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) level did not consistently vary by change in dietary fat. Glutathione peroxidase activity increased as young rats grew up to 39 days. Superoxide d dismutase activity change was insignificant by a age, but was shown as lowest in MO group. At the age of 26 and 39 days, liver glutatione peroxidase activity was increased as was level of lipid peroxide, suggesting that this is the one of the mechanisms responsible for body adapta­b bility for protection against the accumulation of lipid peroxide.