• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.652-660
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• 2018

The common point between and is that the immersion was high at the point where all the place movements occurred in the narrative before the full-blown incident occurred. The immersion level showed the maximum at the turning point that passed to the place. Seven key events occur, and the audience's immersion is peaking at the time of each incident. The core event and the immersion are highly correlated. It is at a point where the background, such as movement from the third act, where the most central event is solved, or return to the original place, is changing. The immersion degree of the audience is closely related to the narrative from the first film to the third film of the narrative.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2013

Recently, a method for detecting animal tinnitus objectively, gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startling (GPIAS) were reported. However, the GPIAS method is difficult to be directly applied to human tinnitus research because measuring repeatedly startling responses evoked by more than 110 dB SPL acoustic stimuli for human is not easy. In this paper, the auditory late latency response (ALLR) measurement system which can measure conveniently evoked potentials involving the information about the brain cortical activity related with auditory psychologic phenomena such as a tinnitus has been implemented. By using the implemented system, 8 persons with normal hearing sense have been experimented to measure N1-P2 amplitudes of ALLRs evoked by gap prepulse based acoustic stimuli. Through the experimental results, the prepulse inhibitions of all the participants' N1-P2 responses have been observed and their characteristics were evaluated. And it is verified that our implemented system can be utilized as a device for researching and evaluating the objective tinnitus detection method in the future study.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1835-1844
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• 2007

Recently there have been some positive evidences on the effects of learning in a virtual environment. However, most of these educational VR systems were not deeply considered in the design of drawing a learner's attention on lesson contents, which would help enhance retained memory. Hence, a study was conducted to measure 17 subjects' attention states using EEC, ECG, GSR, and eye-tracking and their behaviors while they were given guided search task or exploration task in a virtual environment consisting of five major events. It also analyzed the subject's remembered items after their VR experiences using a surrey. This paper Int describes an overview of the ocean virtual environment used in this study, and it then explains the experimental design, apparatus, and method. It will also discuss the results by a detail analysis (in a whole VR session as well as event-related 10-second 33 sub-sessions) with the subjects' attention states and their retained memory after the learning.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2003

In an experimental study, we assessed human sensibility in terms of psychophysiological response according to change of speeds (40, 70, 100km/h) in a driving simulator and application of motion fitters (washout filter, non-washout later) in a roller coaster simulator. For the driving and roller coaster simulators, a group of 12 healthy men in their twenties and a group of 8 healthy men in their twenties, respectively, participated. Participants each completed a simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ), a subjective assessment of sensations of pleasantness, tension, and arousal, and perception of speed. Physiological signals were measured by 1/f fluctuation of EEG (electroencephalogram), ECG (electrocardiogram), and GSR (galvanic skin response). These were measured pre-to-post under the experimental conditions for each simulator. Subjective pleasantness, tension, arousal, and perception of speed and physiological responses indicating a feeling of pleasantness by 1/f fluctuation were higher for the roller coaster simulator than those measured for low speed driving in the driving simulator. The mean frequency of alpha band (8-l3㎐) in EEG increased with exposure to the driving simulator relative to that for the roller coaster simulator. Heart rate variability and GSR were significantly changed between pre- and post- under each condition in the driving and roller coaster simulators. The data suggest that subjective sensibility was elevated according to gain of speed and variety of simulator motion, and physiological responses were activated with increased speed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.90-95
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• 2014

The researchs using brain-computer interface, the new interface system which connect human to macine, have been maded to implement the user-assistance devices for control of wheelchairs or input the characters. In recent researches, there are several trials to implement the speech recognitions system based on the brain wave and attempt to silent communication. In this paper, we studied how to extract features of vowel based on international phonetic alphabet (IPA), as a foundation step for implementing of speech recognition system based on electroencephalogram (EEG). We conducted the 2 step experiments with three healthy male subjects, and first step was speaking imagery with single vowel and second step was imagery with successive two vowels. We selected 32 channels, which include frontal lobe related to thinking and temporal lobe related to speech function, among acquired 64 channels. Eigen value of the signal was used for feature vector and support vector machine (SVM) was used for classification. As a result of first step, we should use over than 10th order of feature vector to analyze the EEG signal of speech and if we used 11th order feature vector, the highest average classification rate was 95.63 % in classification between /a/ and /o/, the lowest average classification rate was 86.85 % with /a/ and /u/. In the second step of the experiments, we studied the difference of speech imaginary signals between single and successive two vowels.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

Objectives: Deficit schizophrenia (DS) constitutes a disease separate from non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS). The aim of the current study was to compare the quantitative EEG and low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) imaging between DS and NDS. Methods: This study was performed by 32 channels EEG for 42 schizophrenia patients who we categorized into DS and NDS using proxy instrument deficit syndrome (PDS). We performed the absolute power spectral analyses for delta, theta, alpha, low beta and high beta activities. We compared power spectrum between two groups using Independent t-test. Partial correlation test was performed with clinical parameters. Standardized LORETA (sLORETA) was used for comparison of cortical activity, and statistical nonparametric mapping (SnPM) was applied for the statistical analysis. Results: DS showed significantly increased delta and theta absolute power in fontal and parietal region compared with NDS (p<0.05). Power spectrum showed significant correlation with 'anergia' and 'hostility/suspiciousness' subscale of brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS)(p<0.05). sLORETA found out the source region (anterior cingulate cortex/limbic part) that delta activity was significantly increased in DS (p=0.042). Conclusions: DS showed different cortical activity compared with NDS. Our results may suggest QEEG and LORETA could be the marker in differentiating between DS and NDS.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.11
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• pp.985-993
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• 2014

This paper suggested a new evaluation method for optimal HUD position through a correlation based on between biological signal as and statistical analysis which using (Electroencephalogram, EEG) and ANOVA. This experiment was conducted two kinds of method to evaluate the optimal HUD position. At first, visual stimulus suggested from six different positions(the top and the bottom of the left, the top and the bottom of the center and the top and the bottom of the right on the screen) in laboratory and an object image was shown for 30 seconds in a screen which has $235{\times}197cm2$ size. And second, HUD image was configured from three different positions and an object image was shown for 30 seconds in a screen. EEG, which used ${\alpha}$-wave and ${\beta}$-wave for evaluate an emotional stability, were measured from Fp1, Fp2, F7 and F8 channel based on ten to twenty electrode system. From the result in laboratory, F7 ${\beta}$-wave was shown statistically significant to significance probability of 0.006 and between ${\alpha}$-wave and ${\beta}$-wave were showed a negative correlation(r=-0.190). Also, Both the top of left and the bottom of center were showed lower ${\beta}$-wave than the bottom of right. From the result in railway simulator, Fp1 ${\beta}$-wave was appeared statistically significant as significance probability of 0.033 and it was showed lower ${\beta}$-wave than center. The outcome of this study will be helpful about evaluation of optimal HUD position through correlation between alpha wave and beta wave.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.233-237
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• 1999

Aromatherapy는 향을 이용하여 생리적 및 심리적 효과를 나타내는 치료법이다. 향의 종류에 따라 여러 효과들이 나타나고 있는데 본 연구에서는 이완 유도향 제품을 개발하기 위해 자율신경계로부터의 신호인 Galvanic skin resistance(GSR), 피부온도, 심박수 등과 뇌파에서의 변화를 측정하여 이완의 정도를 측정하고자 하였다. 실험방법은 4 종류의 aromatherapy용으로 조제된 복합향(#2033, #2026, #11, #13)을 이용하고 피검자는 후각기능이 정상이며 물리적 및 심리적 stress가 없고, 음주, 담배를 3일전까지 경험이 없는 군을 택하였다. 향을 주는 시간은 1분으로 하였으며 순서에 의한 효과를 없애기 위해 4 종류를 random order에 의해 실시하였다. 대조군으로는 증류수를 이용하여 실험 전, 실험 중, 실험 후에서 각각 측정하였으며 또한 각성효과가 좋은 jasmine과 이완 효과를 보이는 lavender를 같은 protocol로 시행하여 이완의 효과를 비교하였다. 뇌파는 FFT분석에 따라 각 주파수 영역 즉 beta, alpha, theta, delta로 나누어 분석하였다. Jasmine과 lavender의 이완 효과에서는 GSR의 변화와 HRV의 변화를 보고한 바 있다(백,1998). 또한 심리불안 효과와 향 이미지 검사를 동시에 시행하여 주관적지표로 삼았다. 실험 결과에서는 이러한 4 종류의 향은 모두 GSR의 현저한 감소 효과를 보였으며, 심박수와 피부온도의 감소경향을 나타내었다. 자율신경계 반응에 따라 4 종류 향의 이완 효과의 순서를 결정할 수 있었다. 주관적 검사와의 상관관계도 잘 나타났으며 이미지는 이완 정도와 섬세하다 항목이 잘 반영되었다. 뇌파의 변화에서는 의미 있는 변화는 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 relaxation 효과는 GSR를 비롯한 자율신경계지표에서 잘 반영되었다.^2$=.792가 되었다. 설명되는 누적분산값은 67.18%였다.주관적 평가의 결과와 객관적 평가 결과를 이용해 마직물의 태를 평가하는 산출식을 제시하였다. 태 평가치의 경우 16가지 특성치를 모두 넣는 방법과 stepwise 방법, 또 Kawabatark 사용한 순차적 군 회귀법의 세가지 방법의 회귀식 중 16가지 특성치를 모두 넣는 방법의 결정계수가 가장 높았다.tosterone농도는 107.7$\pm$12.0 pmol／l이었고, 남성의 타액내 농도는 274.2$\pm$22.1 pmol／l이었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 본 연구에서 정립된 EIA 방법은 RIA를 대신하여 소규모의 실험실에서도 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사려된다.또한 상실기 이후 배아에서 합성되며, 발생시기에 따라 그 영향이 다르고 팽창과 부화에 관여하는 것으로 사료된다. 더욱이, 조선의 ${\ulcorner}$구성교육${\lrcorner}$이 조선총독부의 관리하에서 실행되었다는 것을, 당시의 사범학교를 중심으로 한 교육조직을 기술한 문헌에 의해 규명시켰다.nd of letter design which represents -natural objects and was popular at the time of Yukjo Dynasty, and there are some documents of that period left both in Japan and Korea. "Hyojedo" in Korea is supposed to have been influenced by the letter design. Asite- is also considered to have been "Japanese Letter Jobcheso." Therefore, the purpose of this study is to look in

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.287-293
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• 2015

This study proposed signal processing techniques and neural network with weighted fuzzy membership functions(NEWFM) to detect epileptic seizure from EEG signals. This study used wavelet transform(WT), sequential increment method, and phase space reconstruction(PSR) as signal processing techniques. In the first step of signal processing techniques, wavelet coefficients were extracted from EEG signals using the WT. In the second step, sequential increment method was used to extract peaks from the wavelet coefficients. In the third step, 3D diagram was produced from the extracted peaks using the PSR. The Euclidean distances and statistical methods were used to extract 16 features used as inputs for NEWFM. The proposed methodology shows that accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity are 97.5%, 100%, 95% with 16 features, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.2B
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• pp.232-243
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• 2010

In this paper, various physiological signals of humans were measured and analyzed to inference their psychological state and biological information, and Bio-Signal Context aware system (BSC), which recognizes the current context of its users as well as the information of exterior environment and offers the service appropriate for them, was designed and implemented. The BSC extracts and analyzes the features from bio-signals, such as the measured electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and galvanic skin response (GSR), with its different sensors, has the input of the analyzed results, and discriminates four psychological states of rest, concentration, tension and melancholy. In addition to the results of the discriminated psychological states, the information of biological condition analyzed from the user's bio-signals, for example, heart rate variability (HRV), Galvanic skin response (GSR) and body temperature, and the information of external environment related to the user's are collected to offer the service fit for the user's present biological condition by inferring and recognizing the user's present situation.