• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2010

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of feeding level of concentrate on the digestible nutrient intake, using efficiency of nutrients and nitrogen retention of growing Korean black goats (KBG) fed on whole crop barley (WCB) silage. WCB silage with concentrates at 2.0% (BS2.0), 1.5% (BS1.5) and 1.0% (BS1.0) of BW, respectively, and rice straw with concentrate at 2.0% (RS2.0) of BW as a control. Goats for digestibility trials were assigned within each group with three animals to individual metabolism crates with Latin square design. Digestible crude protein (DCP) intakes goats in control, BS2.0 and BS1.5 was significantly higher than that in BS 1.0 (p<0.05). Digestible NFC intakes of goats in BS2.0 and BS 1.5 was significantly higher than that in BS1.0 (p<0.05). The highest Average daily gain (ADG) were recorded in group BS2.0 followed by BS1.5, RS2.0 and BS1.0 (p<0.05). The highest DM digestibility was shown in group BS1.5 treatments (p<0.05). Nitrogen retentions in RS2.0, BS2.0 and BS1.0 were significantly higher than that in group BS1.0 (p<0.05). The results obtained from this study suggested that feeding level of concentrate seems to be proper at 1.5% of BW to achieve the best performance when black goats are fed WCB silage as a roughage source with concentrate.

• 월간낙농육우
• /
• v.17 no.10 s.186
• /
• pp.133-135
• /
• 1997

반추동물은 특수한 소화기구에 의하여 조사료에 포함되어 있은 섬유질을 분해하여 이용하지만 비유와 임신 및 비육과 같은 생산에 필요한 영양소와 에너지를 조사료만으로 보충하기란 어렵다. 조사료는 비교적 소화율이 낮은 섬유질을 다향 함유하는 생초, 건초 볏짚 및 사일레지등으로 이것만으로 반추동물의 영양소는 부족하므로 농후사료를 급여한다. 실제로 조사료를 구하기 어렵고 노동력도 문제가 되므로 값이 비싸도 농후사료에 의존하게 되니 장기간 과다급여가 반추동물에 병폐

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.355-361
• /
• 2012

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrate feeding on rumen papillae development in suckling Hanwoo calves before weaning (60 days of age). Twenty-four Hanwoo calves (12 heifers and 12 bulls) at six days of age were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments [hay and two levels (low and high) of concentrate feeding] and given each diet with free access to their dams for suckling until 60 days of age. At 60 days of age, two calves from each treatment were sacrificed and used for post-mortem examination of rumen papillae development. Feed intake between 31 and 60 days of age was significantly higher (P<0.05) for the high concentrate treatment (380.2 g/d) than for other treatments (58.3 and 76.9 g/d for hay and low concentrate treatments, respectively). Although feed intake showed a large difference between the low and high concentrate treatments, body weights at birth and 60 days of age were similar between the two treatments, suggesting that calves in the low concentrate feeding suckled more milk from their dams than those in the high concentrate feeding. The ratio of reticulo-rumen weight to body weight at 60 days of age was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the high concentrate (1.39%), compared with those in the hay (0.85%) and low concentrate (1.06%) treatments. Furthermore, the high concentrate feeding significantly increased both rumen papillae length and width, compared with the hay and low concentrate feeding group. This was also detected clearly by visual observation. The blood concentration of ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate was significantly higher for the high concentrate (176.4 ${\mu}mol/L$) than for other treatments (58.9 and 59.2 ${\mu}mol/L$ for the hay and the low concentrate group, respectively). In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that, to achieve a large development of rumen papillae before weaning (60 days of age) in suckling Hanwoo calves, the amount of concentrate intake should be important. And also the results implied that hay might not be included in the diet for suckling Hanwoo calves before weaning (60 days of age).

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2013

The present study was conducted to investigate effects of feeding concentrate on development of intestinal tract and composition of muscle in suckling Hanwoo calves before weaning(60 days of age). Twenty-four Hanwoo calves(12 heifers and 12 bulls) at six days of age were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments[hay and two levels(low and high) of concentrate feeding] and given each diet with free access to their dams for suckling until 60 days of age. At 60 days of age, two calves from each treatment were used for post-mortem examination of intestine development and chemical analysis of muscle. Feed intake between 31 and 60 days of age was significantly(P<0.05) higher for the high concentrate treatment(532.4g/d) than for other treatments(78.9 and 108.9g/d for hay and low concentrate treatments, respectively). Although feed intake showed a large difference between the low and high concentrate treatments, body weights at birth and 60 days of age were similar between the treatments, suggesting that calves in the low concentrate feeding were supplied more milk from their dams than those in the high concentrate feeding. The ratio of intestine weight to body weight at 60 days of age was increased in the high concentrate(3.35%), compared with those in the hay(2.93%) and low concentrate(3.03%) treatments. The chemical composition of muscle in sirloin and hind leg was not affected by the treatments. In conclusions, the results of the present study showed that feeding concentrate to Hanwoo calves before weaning might stimulate intestine development relative to feeding hay.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.617-626
• /
• 2003

This experiment employed a rumen simulated continuous culture system to examine the possibility of improving the rumen bypass of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by using a high proportion of concentrate in the feed, and compared soya and linseed in terms of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production. No effect of type of fat source was observed on ruminal fermentation. A high proportion of concentrate (80%) in the feed decreased (P<0.001) vessel pH but increased (P<0.01) ammonia nitrogen, total VFA, acetate, butyrate and valerate concentrations compared with a low proportion (40%). Fat sources (soya vs. linseed) and concentrate ratio in the feed did not affect digestibilities of organic matter (OM), total nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Soya increased the flows of trans C18:1, C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3 compared with linseed. The difference in fat source alone did not affect the flow of CLA but this was increased when high levels of soya and linseed were associated with a high proportion of concentrate in the feed. There was no effect of fat source on biohydrogenation of C18:1 n-9 and C18:2 n-6, but biohydrogenation of C18:3 n-3 and total C18 PUFA was higher with the linseed than with the soya treatment. A high proportion of concentrate decreased biohydrogenation of C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3 and total C18 PUFA compared with a low proportion.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.429-436
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to examine the effect of feeding levels of concentrate feed on growth performance, meat quality and economic evaluation of Korean black goats. The 40 male Korean native goat were divided into four treatment groups T1 (1.5%), T2 (2.0%), T3 (2.5% feeding of concentrate feed body weight per day) and T4 (ab libitum) with ab libitum rice straw. Rice straw intake decrease as against feeding levels, however average daily gains were 22, 50, 69 and 94 g/day in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups respectively levels (p<0.05). Dressing percentage were 41.77, 42.78, 46.12 and 49.78% in each group (p<0.05), also fat percentage were a significant increase according to feeding levels. In economic efficacy, T4 was higher than other treatment groups. In conclusion, both rice straw and concentrate feed ab libitum are good for feeding and management system on Korean black goats.

• 월간낙농육우
• /
• v.21 no.1 s.225
• /
• pp.130-134
• /
• 2001

건유우관리와 관련된 사항을 요약해 보면 다음과 같다. 1. 수정일과 분만일을 정확히 기록한다. 2. 착유후기에 적절한 사료급여로 건유직전에 BCS를 3.5 수준에 맞춘다. 3. 건유기간은 소에 EK라 45$\~$60일 사이로 정한다. 4. 충분한 조사료와 분만시 적절한 신체상태유지를 위해 약간의 농후사료를 공급한다. 5. 광물질과 비타민을 충분히 공급한다. 6. 분만 3주전부터는 3$\~$6kg의 농후사료를 급여하

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the level of concentrates and pasture grazing in 60 head of spring born Hanwoo heifers(initial body weight; 125.3kg) for 450days from six to 21 months in age. Feeding trial was conducted with 5 treatment(twelve heads/ treatment) which were T1(1.5% of apparent body weight in concentrates and indoor feeding for over-all period), T2(0.5% of apparent body weight in concentrates for pre-pasture grazing and pasture grazing), T3(1.0% of apparent body weight in concentrates for pre-pasture grazing and pasture grazing), T4(1.5% of apparent body weight in concentrates for pre-pasture grazing and pasture grazing), T5(2.0% of apparent body weight in concentrates for pre-pasture grazing and pasture grazing). During the total experimental period, average daily gains by treatments ranged from 0.322 to 0.465kg(average 0.405kg) and higher in the order of T5, T4, T1, T3 and T2, and increased with the level of concentrates feeding for pre-pasture grazing. TDN intakes required per unit of kilogram gain were 9.13 to 9.79kg(average 9.49kg) higher in the order of T1, T3, T5, T4 and T2, For the grazing period, they were ranged from 12.39 to 12.98kg(average 12.68kg), and were not significantly different. But TDN requirements of grazing groups was higher about 15.6% than the indoor feeding group’s. The rate of roughage to concentrates by treatments were 57.8 to 73.6%(average 63.7%). The body weight of 15 and 21 month in ages, that is, the ages at puberty and first conception by treatments were 201.2 to 230.7kg(average 223.8kg) and 270.2 to 331.4kg (average 307.6kg), respectively, and the latter were high per unit of 20.4kg by increasing the level of concentrates feeding for pre-pasture grazing every 0.5% addition of apparent body weight. The age of 225 and 275kg in body weight, that is, the body weight at puberty and first conception by treatments were 14.0 to 17.6 month (average 15.3 month) and 17.9 to 21.7 month(average 19.4), respectively, and the latter were shorter about 1.3 month by increasing the level of concentrates feeding every 0.5% addition of apparent body weight. According to the above results, it may be concluded that spring born Hanwoo heifers are raised at indoor have to feed with 1.8% of body weight in concentrates under full feeding of rice straws for all period from six to 21 months in age, but with 1.5% of apparent body weight in concentrates for grazing period.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different feeding levels on the number of fecal lactic acid-producing bacteria and fecal pH in horses. In Exp. 1, 6 female cross-bred horses ($332.4{\pm}50.4\;kg$, 5 year old) were fed 2% hay or 2% concentrates of BW for 30 d, and the number of fecal Lactobacilli and Streptococci was measured. For Exp. 2, 5 castrated Thoroughbred ($474.5{\pm}64.6kg$, 4 year old) and 5 female cross-bred horses ($343.6{\pm}56.3\;kg$, 5 year old) were allotted to high- or low-concentrates diets (5 levels) for 30 d in a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design, and the fecal pH was assessed. In Exp. 3, 3 castrated Thoroughbred ($482.6{\pm}53.3\;kg$, 4 year old) were fed high- or low-alfalfa hay diets (3 levels) for 30 d in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design, and the fecal pH was measured. Feeding high-concentrates diets increased (P<0.05) the number of fecal lactic acid-producing bacteria (Lactobacilli and Streptococci) and decreased (P<0.01) the fecal pH. Feeding alfalfa hay with high-concentrates diet (2% alfalfa hay + 1% concentrates of BW) decreased (P<0.01) the fecal pH. These results showed that feeding high-concentrates diets increased lactic acid-producing bacteria in the large intestine and decreased the intestinal or fecal pH causing colic or laminitis, indicating that the proper fiber/concentrates (1:1) should be maintained in horses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 1999.07a
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 1999

'98년 말을 기준으로 우리나라의 젖소는 15.7천여 농가에서 539천두가 사육되고 있다. 이는 낙농농가 호당 평균 약 34두가 사육되는 전업규모의 영농을 하고 있음을 의미한다(서울 우유협동조합 1999). 그러나 현재 낙농농가는 대부분 수입 사료에 의존하여 생산비의 대부분을 사료비가 차지하고 있다. 젖소의 사양에 있어 이상적인 조사료와 농후사료의 급여비율은 60:40으로 알려지고 있으나 우리나라의 경우는 33:67로 조사료 보다 농후사료의 급여비율이 굉장히 높은 수준에 있다(농촌진흥청 1998). (중략)