• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the perception of walking environment and use of neighborhood facilities of rural female elderly, who are the most susceptible to ambulatory problems. The study showed that parks, senior centers and hospitals were among the most frequently used neighborhood facilities by rural female elderly, while bus stations and senior centers were recognized as the closest facilities. Frequency of use was higher for paid sports facilities rather than parks. Hospitals and health centers were facilities that were desired to be in close proximity. Social support, self-efficacy, and attitude were the factors that affected walking environment. Street trees, accessibility to parks, and street lights were factors that showed a positive relationship with total time of walking activity while perceived crime rate and slopes were perceived as environmental challenges for groups that walked under 150 minutes per week. One factor that negatively affected walking was the lack of sidewalks on streets. Providing parks and walking trails within neighborhood, pleasant walking environments, and safe sidewalks would contribute to improved perception of neighborhood and walking of older rural women.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2014

Purpose: The strudy was done to determine the effect of an exercise program using the muscle strengthening flowchart on flexibility and hand strength and depression of rural elderly women. Methods: For 11 months, from January 9, to November 29, 2013, a survey was done of 37 voluntary participants who were elderly women living in rural areas. This study was a one group pretest-posttest Quasi-experimental research design to identify the effectiveness of self-directed programs. The Korean version of the depression measurement tool (Jo and Kim, 1993) was used. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, descriptive statistics, and paired t-test with SPSS /PC 17.0 program. Results: Comparison of before and after the self-directed program showed that flexibility (p <.001), left grip strength (p <.001), and right grip strength (p <.001) were significantly increased. Depression (p <.001) was significantly reduced. Conclusion: The results of the study show that the exercise program using the muscle strengthening flowchart resulted in of significant muscle strengthening and reduction in depression in rural elderly women. Future use of the muscle strengthening flowchart is recommended to provide long-term operational exercise programs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2007

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of leisure programs over 8 weeks on elderly women 60 and over who lived in a rural area. Did the program affect feelings of depression and self-esteem? Method: The leisure programs in this study included rhythm gymnastics for elderly women, recreation, balloon art, paper folding, viewing movies, shuttle cock game, exhibition and evaluation activity. As a Quasi-Experimental study, the design of this study was a Nonequivalent Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Results: It was shown that leisure programs for elderly women for 8 weeks, consisting of rhythm gymnastics, self-introduction, hobby activities and recreation can reduce depression and enhance the feeling of self-esteem in elderly women in the rural area. Conclusion: It is concluded that public health centers in rural areas should conduct leisure programs during the farmers' slack season, and that the community halls for elders can contribute to improving the life quality of elderly women by being more affirmative and positive if they develop as healthy and active cultural centers where elderly women will want to come and participate.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2011

Purpose: This study has been performed to identify the correlation between depression and physical fitness of the elderly women living in a rural area. Methods: The target people were chosen and visited on February, 2011. We could meet them at a community health center in Jeonnam. The questionnaire answered by 321 was conducted to figure out the degree of depression. Also, physical fitness using senior fitness test was measured. This study was analyzed using $x^2$ test, Fisher exact test, t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient by SAS program. Results: It was analyzed that distribution of depression was 31.9%, and depression was correlated with upper flexibility (p<.001). There was no significant relation to physical fitness by depression except weight (p=.039) and back scratch (p=.007) as well. Conclusion: These results can not only contribute to understanding of the depression of the elderly women, but also suggest that depression prevention program is necessary for them.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a fall prevention program on gait ability, one leg standing-right, one leg standing-left, fear of falling, fall efficacy, and depression in the elderly. Methods: A fall prevention program was consisted of fall preventing exercise with laughter therapy. Quasi-experimental design with one group pre- and post-test was used. Twenty-two elderly were participated in this study from a community health center located in a rural area, South Korea. SPSS/WIN 18.0 was used for descriptive analysis and paired t-test. Results: After 12 weeks with a fall prevention program, gait ability (t=3.44, p=.002), one leg standing-right (t=-3.73, p=.001), one leg standing-left (t=-4.17, p<.001) and fear of falling (t=2.12, p=.046) in the elderly were significantly improved. Conclusion: A fall prevention program was effective on physical and psychological functions. This study suggested that control groups and a larger sample should be included in order to validate the effects of a fall prevention program for the elderly. Key Words: Elderly, Fall prevention program, Physical functions, Psychological

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.246-257
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• 2012

Objectives: To compare the self-rated health in chronic disease patients with depression, chronic disease patients, and depression patients, and to observe the related factors to the self-rated health of people age 65 and older. Methods: The subjects were 2,549 elderly people, over 65 years old in Busan Metropolitan City who participated in 2009 community health survey. Association between self-rated health and general characteristics, life style and disease status were observed. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Analysis of complex sample was done with SAS (ver. 9.2), using ${\chi}^2$-test and multiple logistic regression. Results: Among total 2,549, there were 740 normal people (29.8%), 50 people with depression (1.8%), 1,495 people with other chronic diseases (58.2%), and 264 people with the comobidity of depression and other chronic diseases (10.1%). Good self-related health accounted for 20.3% for the whole, 33.4% for normal, 16.7% for chronic disease, 16.1% for depression, and 3.2% for chronic diseases with depression. Disease, gender, education, income, alcohol drinking, regular exercise and regular walking were independent factors associated with the good self-related health. Conclusions: It is suggested that when the chronic disease control program for the elderly is developed, depression care should be considered along with the program. This program should be given priority to the women and the vulnerable classes and should also be related to the regular walking.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.71-85
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• 2003

Objectives: The present study was directed at revealing the influence of various life styles on the subjective well-being and depressive states, and their related factors among the elderly. Methods: The interviews were given to 454 elderly people aged over 65 (197 male and 257 female) in rural areas of Chungnam Province during the 3-month period from July 1st to Sep. 30th, 2002. The interview contents for the elderly included social demographic characteristics, activities of daily living(ADL) whether independent of others or not, subjective well-being, Zung's self-rating depression scale(SDS), etc. Results: The male elderly showed significantly higher scores in subjective well-being than the female, and with regard to Zung's depression scores, they were significantly higher in the female than the male elderly. Based on the correlation between scores of subjective well-being and its related factors, there was a significant, positive correlation in both sexes with whether or not participation in the social gatherings and the degree of satisfaction with subjective health status. The factors shown to be negatively correlated with depression scores in both sexes were whether or not participation in the social gatherings, the degree of satisfaction with the subjective health status, economic conditions, and ADL scores. The factors influencing on the subjective well-being included depressive states, eating habits, dwelling states, ADL scores, and physical activity. Those influencing on the depressive states were the degree of satisfaction with the subjective health status, physical activity, sexes, smoking, ADL scores, economic conditions, eating habits and whether or not participation in the social gatherings. Conclusions: Consequently, the subjective well-being as well as physical activity and economic conditions were shown to be the important factors for the healthy elderly life.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.107-128
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• 1986

본 연구의 목적은 노동력의 사회적 특성적인 면에 있어서 각기 다른 산업에 종사하는 노동력의 "누가" "어떻게" 변화해 가는가에 중점을 두면서 한국의 산업 각 부분간의 변천과정을 조사하는 데 있다. 이 연구에는 1960, 1970, 1980년에 실시된 한국 센서스 자료가 주로 사용되었다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 1960년과 1980년 사이의 한국의 산업 구조적인 면에 있어서의 급속한 변화를 보여주고 있다. 그러한 변화들은 주로 경제발전 정책과 더불어 농촌지역에서 도시지역으로의 인구이동에 기인된다고 하겠다. 예를 들면 1960년에 65%의 노동력이 1차 산업에 종사한 반면에 1980년에는 38.5%로 감소했고 이와는 대조적으로 1960년에 오직 8.7%의 노동력이 2차산업에 종사하던 것이 1980년에는 27.6%로 증가하였다. 3차 산업 역시 1960년에 23.8%에서 1980년에 33.9%로 10%의 증가를 보였다. 경제.발전이 이루어지는 과정에서 실업자들이나 잠재 실업자들이 경제활동에 참여할 수 있었기 때문에 경제구조 자체가 예전에 비해 더 안정이 되고 생활수준도 향상이 되었다고 하겠다. 이러한 결과는 부분적으로는 계속된 5개년 경제개발 계획에 기인된다고 할 수 있다. 경제발전 과정에서의 대도시로의 인구집중, 특히나 2차 산업과 3차 산업이 집중되어 있는 서울로의 인구집중은 주택, 교통, 범죄등 많은 문제를 낳고 있다. 동시에 도시지역에의 과잉 노동력의 존재와 농촌지역에는 특히나 농번기에 노동력 부족현상을 야기시키고 있다. 시간의 흐름에 따라 여성노동력의 비율, 전문직과 사무직 종사자, 그리고 서비스분야 종사자들의 비율이 증가하였는 데 비해 대부분의 다른 국가에서 처럼 한국에 있어서도 자영인의 비율은 경제발전 과정에서 감소하였다. 경제발전과 더불어 보다 전문화되고 조직화된 시장중심의 생산체제가 가구와 지역사회 중심의 생산기능을 흡수하므로서 많은 노동력이 임금 노동자가 되었다. 특히나 단순노동을 통한 많은 젊은 여성들을 고용하는 제조산업 분야에서 여성들이 낮은 임금과 과로 그리고 나쁜 작업환경으로 인하여 그들의 건강을 해치고 직업병을 유발할 가능성이 많다고 하겠다. 지난 20년에 걸친 급속한 정부 주도형의 경제발전은 노동력의 제 산업 간의 급속한 변천과 더불어 긍정적인 측면과 부정적인 측면을 모두 낳았다고 할 수 있겠다.측면을 모두 낳았다고 할 수 있겠다.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2007

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal variables and quality of life in elderly women. Methods: The study subjects were 22 in experimental group and 21 in the control group, all of who were aged 65 years and over. The subjects in the experimental group were under an exercise program 3 times a week for one year. To assess the effects of exercise in the study group, blood pressure, heart rate, lipid profile, bony metabolism, grip strength, flexibility, reaction time, and quality of life were measured. Results: Exercise showed the significant differences between experimental and control groups on the variables of the diastolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, urinary deoxypyridinoline, flexibility, and quality of life. Compared to before the exercise in the study group, the urinary DPD level and quality of life were significantly improved at 3 months, and diastolic blood pressure, serum HDL-cholesterol, and flexibility were significantly improved by 1 year. Conclusions: The study results underscore the efficacy of exercise and the need for regular exercise programs that are designed for older persons.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the quality of life among community-dwelling older women with urinary incontinence (UI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 475 women aged 60 or over who were recruited from 10 primary health care facilities in rural Korea. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, health-related, and UI-related characteristics. The quality of life was assessed using Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL). SPSS/WIN 23.0 program was used to analyze descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation, and hierarchical regression. Results: Of 475 subjects, 180 (37.9%) had urinary incontinence. The mean scores of I-QOL of women with and without UI were 76.87 and 94.77, respectively. The results of hierarchical regression analysis show that the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis total score was the greatest influencing factor, followed by age and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form total score. Conclusion: The study revealed that factors related to UI symptoms are more likely to have impact on the quality of life in women with UI. It suggests that early detection or management of UI is important in improving the quality of life of women with UI.