• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

The results of a survey on 113 elementary schools in Jeju-do in December 2018 are as follows: First, the most newly established schools in the last 30 years were long-term decline Type 3 (56 schools), followed by Type 9 (W-type, 24 schools), which was more than 30 years old. Second, one of the main achievements of this study is the discovery of four types (type 1, type 2, type 8 and new-type) that are well characterized by Jeju province. Third, the most smaller school has 50 schools (44.3%) and small schools (less than 300 students) are 77 schools, accounting for 68.1% of the total ; 6 the most largest elementary schools (5.3%), 13 large schools (11.5%), 17 optimal sized schools (15.0%), 27 small schools (23.9%). In particular, it is not an exaggeration to say that almost all schools are small schools except for a few schools in Jejudo Ub-Myun areas. This means that it may cause serious problems if it is adopted as a standard of abolition of small schools in the same standard of management rather than reflecting regional characteristics of Jejudo province.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.91-104
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop the diagnostic indices system that can be applied to the evaluation of rural village level, because the indicators developed in many existing studies were mostly consisted of statistical data in higher level than rural villages as well as those were difficult to apply to rural village level empirically. In order to develop the empirical diagnostic indices system, which has 52 indices with 7 categories, this study not only classified the kind of rural village facility and the regional development project of government, but also surveyed the specialist opinion with Delphi method. Especially, this study standardized the all diagnostic indices with positive value to remove the indices with negative values. Finally, the results that the study applied the empirical diagnostic indices to the 15 sample villages of Jinan-gun and Cheongyang-gun showed that there was the applicability of the indices system in the village level.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.109-122
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop a application procedure and survey method for the empirical diagnostic indices system. In order to know the survey method, which has 65 investigation items for 52 indicators, this study not only presented so that the each survey items could be surveyed in at least 1 to 3 steps, but also presented the 4 survey method for each investigation items: preliminary survey, administrative survey, field survey, and interview survey. As a result of applying to 15 sample villages, the period of surveying a village of 100 households was 1.4 days, and it was confirmed that the survey was generally efficient in a short time. As a result of applying the survey system to the sample village, the developed survey system showed the possibility of investigating even the details of rural villages. Therefore, it was judged that it could be used as a basic procedure for a rural village unit survey.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.593-605
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• 2018

This study examines factors that influence older drivers to consider stopping driving in advance and whose advice plays an important role in the driving cessation decision. Data came from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling older adults (N=2,076). About two thirds reported that they have considered stopping driving (62.8%) and they preferred to decide by themselves (66.0%). Logistic regression results showed that women and residents in urban areas were twice as likely to consider voluntary driving cessation compared to their counterparts. Each one year increase in age contributed to the probability that respondents would consider driving cessation by five percent. Those with greater difficulties in ADLs due to chronic illnesses were also more likely to consider driving cessation. No sociodemographic and health factors were related to whether older drivers preferred to decide by themselves or listen to others. These results imply that policies to promote self-motivation to stop driving among older drivers would be effective. Furthermore, they suggest it could be important to help older drivers plan their driving cessation in advance while still at a young-old age, and that more attention needs to be paid to men and those living in rural areas among older drivers.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.154-154
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• 2011

화석연료의 가격 및 공급의 불안정과 온실가스감축 국제 규제 강화 등에 대한 대안으로 여기는 신 재생에너지는 높은 초기 투자 부담으로 인하여 관련기술의 연구개발과 보급정책 등 전과정에 걸친 정책 지원체계가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 지열에너지를 이용하는 지열냉난방기술에 중점을 두고 이에 대한 중장기 정책 포트폴리오 작성을 위한 기술 및 정책적 접근방안을 제시하고자한다. 지열에너지의 가장 큰 특징은 기후 등에 영향을 크게 부하가 변하는 태양광, 풍력 등과 달리 일정한 부하를 유지함으로써 안정적인 에너지공급이 가능하다는 것이다. 또, 품질 측면에서도 화석연료를 이용한 기존의 연료보다 쾌적한 환경을 조성하여 고급에너지로 평가받고 있다. 반면, 설비를 갖추기 위한 천공, 히트펌프 설치 등에 큰 비용이 든다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 현재 히트펌프 제작기술은 국산화를 완료한 상태로 사실상 기술개발에 의한 큰 폭의 원가절감은 기대하기 힘든 상황이다. 하지만, 유사분야인 시스템 에어컨이 표준화 및 대량생산을 통한 시장 보급 확대로 보급단가가 하락한 것을 고려해 볼 때 이를 통한 가격하락은 어느 정도 기대해 볼 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 에너지 외적인 측면에서 볼 때도 지열에너지의 공급은 상당한 의미를 갖는다. 건물 냉 난방용 이외에 다양한 용도의 개발을 통해 비닐하우스나 온실 등에 지열에너지를 이용할 경우 정부차원에서 농어촌에 대한 지원이 가능하다. 또, 기존의 에너지원을 조달하는데 어려움이 있는 산간, 도서지방에서는 도시지역보다 투자대비 큰 효과를 볼 수 있어 지역간 에너지 불균형 해도에도 도움이 될 수 있다. 이와같은 지열에너지의 특성에 따라 향후 발전방향을 정리해 보았다. 핵심기술인 지열 히트펌프의 산업구조와 시장 보급 확대를 통한 가격하락을 기대한다. 지역개발 및 고립지역에서 타 신 재생에너지와 함께 독립적인 전력, 냉난방 등의 완전 에너지 공급시스템을 갖출 수 있다. 또한 특수 작물 등의 고급 농수산물 생산등의 용도개발을 통해 지열에너지 공급역량을 성장시킬 수 있을 것이다. 이와 함께 중장기 비젼을 제시하기 위해 추진되어야 할 연구과제로는 시장 보급 확대에 따른 가격경쟁력 도달 가능성에 대한 연구를 통해 산업육성 방안 마련, 타 신 재생에너지기술과 복합 설치에 의한 시너지 효과 및 이에따른 초기 투자비 증가에 대한 대책, 보급 잠재량 조사, 지열시스템의 자금 조달 및 관련 정책 검토 등이 있을 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.337-357
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cases of cooperation between school libraries and public libraries in order to reinforce their cooperation, and to prepare the base for development of school libraries. Data is collected through five workshops which attended school librarians, public librarians, and the peoples in the several regional offices of education. The results show three models of school and public library cooperation. School library - public library cooperation model is suited for metropolitan area where school library and public library are developed. Public library support model is suited for mid-size cities where school libraries are undeveloped. School library and public library integration model is suited for small towns where both school libraries and public libraries are undeveloped. These models, however, should be revised through testing several libraries and different situations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.337-355
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• 2021

Demographic changes such as an aging and low fertility, as well as changes in industrial structure and residential environment, revealed the limitations of urban development policies. Accordingly, the government is making efforts to ensure a prosperous life for the people by including the plan to expand the living SOC in the national urban regeneration policy. The main priority tasks of the Living SOC include the establishment of welfare infrastructure for children and the vulnerable. This means that interest in welfare is increasing recently. In this study, we analyzed the supply status of welfare facilities for the senior, child and the disabled in 17 cities and provinces nationwide using LQ (Location Quotient). After analyzing the causes of the imbalance in the supply of welfare facilities by region, the improvement plan was suggested. Each welfare facility was highly localized by region, especially the accessibility gap between cities and provinces is very large. Welfare finances were similar in most cities and provinces, with the exception of some cities and provinces. In the case of cities with very high living standards, sufficient facilities were not provided. Improvement methods are as follows; Combination of welfare facilities that can maximize space efficiency, Securing appropriate welfare finance in consideration of living standards by city and province, Differentiation of supply method considering demand and user types for welfare facilities.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.201-237
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• 1992

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 1992년(年) 2월(月)부터 동년(同年) 8월(月)까지 한국(韓國)의 농어촌진흥공사(農漁村振興公社)(RDC)와 말레시아의 KTA기술용역단간(技術用役團間)의 기술제휴하(技術提携下)에 아세아개발은행(亞細亞開發銀行)의 기술협력기금(技術協力基金)에 의(依)한 말레지아북부(北部) Terengganu 농촌개발제(農村開發第)2단계사업(段階事業)의 타당성조사연구(妥當性調査硏究) 결과(結果) 중 말레시아정부(政府)의 경제정책방향(經濟政策方向), 농업개발(農業開發) 및 사업(事業)의 경제적(經濟的) 재무적(財務的) 타당성(妥當性)만을 발췌(拔萃)하여 본(本) 논문(論文)에 수록(收錄)하였다. 본(本) 농촌개발사업지구(農村開發事業地區)는 말레시아의 북동(北東)쪽에 위치(位置)하고 있는 Terengganu State의 Setiu-Besut양(兩) Distict가 포함(包含)되는데 경제적(經濟的)으로 가장 낙후(落後)된 지역(地域)으로 매년(每年) 행사(行事)처럼 찾아오는 홍수(洪水)때문에 농경지(農耕地)를 집약적(集約的)으로 경작(耕作)하지 못함으로써 지역농민(地域農民)들은 빈곤(貧困)에서 벗어나지 못하고 있고 침수기간중(浸水期間中)에는 지역(地域)의 경제활동(經濟活動)은 물론(勿論) 교통(交通)마저 불통(不通)되고 농촌하부구조(農村下部構造)의 손실(損失)은 물론(勿論) 사회경제적(社會經濟的)인 손실(損失)이 크며 Setiu River의 하구(河口)가 침전(沈澱)되어 어선(漁船)의 출입(出入)이 점점(漸漸) 곤란(困難)해지므로써 어민(漁民)들의 생계(生計)에도 위협(威脅)을 주는 지역(地域)이다. 따라서 본(本) 타당성(妥當性) 조사연구(調査硏究)의 근본적(根本的)인 목적(目的)은 농촌(農村)의 빈곤(貧困)을 타파(打破)하기 위하여 (1) 홍수(洪水)를 방지(防止)하고, 배수(排水) 및 관개개선(灌漑改善)을 하며, 하구(河口)를 개발(開發)하여 어민(漁民)들의 생산활동(生産活動)을 돕고 지역주민(地域住民) 및 농민(農民)들의 경제활동(經濟活動) 및 농업생산성(農業生産性)을 제고(提高)시키며 (2) 환경보호(環境保護) 및 관리(管理)를 통(通)하여 지역주민(地域住民)에게 쾌적(快適)한 농촌생활환경(農村生活環境)을 제공(提供)하고 생태계(生態系)의 변화(變化)를 방지(防止)하며 (3) 다각적(多角的)인 영농활동(榮農活動)을 통(通)하여 지역농민(地域農民)의 소득(所得)을 극대화(極大化) 할 수 있는 개발(開發)의 기본구상(基本構想)과 이에 대한 기술적(技術的) 경제적(經濟的) 타당성(妥當性)을 구명(究明)하는 것이다. 본(本) 사업지역(事業地域)의 총면적(總面積)은 9,500ha이며 이는 4,680ha의 기설지구(旣設地區)의 개보수관개사업(改補修灌漑事業)과 500ha의 과수단지(果樹團地), 200ha의 채소단지(菜蔬團地), 500ha의 옥수수단지(團地), 250ha의 엽연초생산단지(葉煙草生産團地), 2,760ha의 오일팜 및 고무나무단지에 소, 염소 및 양(洋)을 사육(飼育)하는 종합적(綜合的)인 농촌개발(農村開發)로서 농가(農家)의 농업소득제고(農業所得提高)에 큰 기여(寄與)를 하게 되며 Setiu강(江)의 유역(流域) 4,090ha에 대한 홍수경감대책(洪水輕減對策)으로 지역주민(地域住民)의 생활안정(生活安定) 및 교통(交通), 관광(觀光), 사회경제적(社會經濟的) 생산활동(生産活動)을 촉진(促進)하는 사업(事業)을 하게된다. 본(本) 사업(事業)의 공사기간(工事期間)은 1993년(年)부터 5개년간(個年間)이며 총사업비(總事業費)는 외화(外貨) 2천만불(千萬弗)을 포함(包含)하여 5천(千) 5백만불(百萬弗)로 추정(推定)되었다. 년간사업수익(年間事業收益)은 사업(事業)의 완전운영기간(完全運營期間)인 2003년(年)을 기준(基準)으로 할 때 15,541백만불(百萬弗)로 추정(推定)되었으며 사업(事業)의 내구기간(耐久期間)은 30년(年)으로서 2023년(年)까지 생산(生産)이 계속(繼續)될 것이다. 본(本) 사업(事業)의 전체재무수익율(全體財務收益率)은 22.49%이며 경제적(經濟的) 수익률(收益率)은 19.30%로 경제적(經濟的)인 타당성(妥當性)이 매우 높음을 알 수 있다. 모든 사업(事業)이 계획(計劃)대로 성공적(成功的)으로 추진(推進)될 경우 사업지역내(事業地域)의 몽리농가(蒙利農家) 4,000호(戶)가 큰 혜택(惠澤)을 보게되고 농촌(農村)의 빈곤수준(貧困水準)(Poverty Line)은 현재(現在)의 36%에서 18%수준(水準)으로 경감(輕減)될 것이 기대(期待)되고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-34
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• 1997

The impact of a central place on daily living over wide outlying territory has been one of traditional subjects in the field of urban geography. The flow of rural population toward the central city of Chinju characterizes the population movement in Western Kyungnam, where the spillover of urban population into outlying areas, an especially prominent phenomenon in American society, does not occur. The central city of Chinju is supposed to be the most favored settlement area in Western Kyungnam. More than two thousands of teachers. who live in Chinju, cross the city boundary each morning to do their jobs in Western Kyungnam. But only ninety teachers living outside Chinju commute to the workplace in the city. The teachers willingly spend hours commuting each day to enjoy better quality of life in the central city. In fact, the central city of Chinju functions as bedroom communities for many middle-class workers in Western Kyungnam. On the basis of teachers' commuting behavior, four levels of Chinju's urban spheres are identified in Western Kyungnam. As Table-6 and Figure-2 show, the first-order level of Chinju's sphere includes most Myuns of Sanchung/Hadong Guns and some Myuns of Sachun/Gosung Guns. The second-order level comprises Sanchung/Sachun Eubs and many Myuns of Sachun /Gosung Guns. The third-order level is made up of Samchunpo, Hadong/Gosung/Eryung/Namhae/Habchun/Hamyang Eups, and many Myuns of Eryung/Namhae/Habchun Guns. And all of Guchang Gun and most Myuns of Hamyang Gun belong to the fourth-order level of Chinju's sphere. The influence sphere of Metropolitan Chinju is extended farther in the direction of less competition with other metropolises. Such a situation occurs to the west and south of Chinju. Daily commuting, defined as the journeys to and from work, is an excellent indicator for delimiting urban spheres of influence.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 1992

The curriculum especially in Korea plays a crucial role in developing instructional materials. It serves as a criterion for selecting and organizing content of teaching materials. Therefore, the validity of a curriculum can be justified through testing effectiveness of an instructional material developed in accordance with the curriculum. This paper presents an instructional method and material developed based on the current tendency of educational thoughts that emphasize STS and students - centered teaching strategies in science education. The instructional material was organized around the concept and its subconcept of "nutrition" as presented in the high school biology textbooks now in use in the nation as well as in a few world-wide countries. It was also organized by the use of biological events and phenomena which high school students in rural areas can easily encounter through their everyday lives. The significant findings in this study are : ${\circ}$ The achievement levels in experimental groups were higher than one in controlled groups. ${\circ}$ The students as well as the teachers involved in this study showed positive attitude toward the instructional method developed in the process of this study. ${\circ}$ The greater part of the students among the controlled groups hoped that biology would be taught by this kind of teaching procedure and materials.