• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2007

Surveying, laboratory and field trial were performed to elucidate the causes of non-spinning syndrome of silkworm, Bombyx mori, abnormal symptoms of silkworm instars observed in certain sericultural fanning region. Mortality and growth of silkworm was still influenced by feeding the mulberry leaves sprayed with 10,000 fold diluted solution of standard spray of diflubenzuron WP (25%). Mortality and growth of silkworm fed with diflubenzuron-sprayed mulberry leaves with recommended spray solution were entirely affected even six weeks after spraying irrespective to the instars. Larval period of 5th instar and cocooning duration of silkworm was not affected in case 50m of buffer zone has maintained in near-by orchard field sprayed with diflubenzuron WP (25%). However, survival rate of pupae was not influenced in case 100 m of buffer zone has kept. Insect growth regulating insecticides were required to keep a certain distance of buffer zone when sprayed with water-diluted solution, 100 m from the application site at least in order to prevent contamination of the spraying drift by the chemicals.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2012

This study was carried out to elucidate residual characteristics of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole in fresh ginseng. Test pesticides were sprayed onto ginseng both in 2009 for 3-year-old ginseng and in 2010 for 4-year-old ginseng according to their pre-harvest intervals (PHIs). Limit of quantitation (LOQ) of both azoxystrobin and difenoconazole was 0.003 mg/kg. Analytical methods set up for the test pesticides were considered to be suitable for the analysis of their residues in fresh ginseng, considering that their recoveries ranged from 87.58 to 112.79%. Concentration of azoxystrobin in 3-year-old ginseng ranged from 0.004 to 0.011 mg/kg and that in 4-year-old ginseng ranged from 0.007 to 0.016 mg/kg. Amounts of difenoconazole in 3- and 4-year-old ginsengs were from 0.003 to 0.007 and from 0.007 to 0.01 mg/kg, respectively, representing no accumulation effect observed in residue amount between them.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.339-345
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Recently in Korea, the import of agricultural products is rising due to the increasing amount of trade. Unregistered pesticides, allidochlor, propachlor, propham, cycloate, diallate and pebulate are widely used as pesticides for rice cultivation in foreign countries, while they are not registered in Korea. Therefore, the residue amount of imported agri-foods should be verified using the proper official analytical method for each of them that has not registered in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: This work was conducted to apply the official method of Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) for determining multi class pesticide multiresidues in agricultural commodities. Brown rice and orange which have different characteristics as a matrix were selected as representative samples for residue analysis. The recoveries of cycloate, diallate and pebulate by GC/MS in fortified brown rice and orange with levels of 0.04~0.4 mg/kg were ranged from 82.8% to 110.3%. The quantification limits of three pesticides in brown rice and orange were 0.04 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: As a result, this method can surely be used as an official method for routine analysis of unregistered pesticides in Korea for imported agri-food.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.40-51
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• 2019

Ginseng has a unique production system that is different from those used for other crops. It is subject to the Ginseng Industry Act., requires a long-term cultivation period of 4-6 years, involves complicated cultivation characteristics whereby ginseng is not produced in a single location, and many ginseng farmers engage in mixed-farming. Therefore, to bring the production of Ginseng in line with GAP standards, it is necessary to better understand the on-site practices of Ginseng farmers according to established control points, and to provide a proper action plan for improving efficiency. Among ginseng farmers in Korea who applied for GAP certification, 77.6% obtained it, which is lower than the 94.1% of farmers who obtained certification for other products. 13.7% of the applicants were judged to be unsuitable during document review due to their use of unregistered pesticides and soil heavy metals. Another 8.7% of applicants failed to obtain certification due to inadequate management results. This is a considerably higher rate of failure than the 5.3% incompatibility of document inspection and 0.6% incompatibility of on-site inspection, which suggests that it is relatively more difficult to obtain GAP certification for ginseng farming than for other crops. Ginseng farmers were given an average of 2.65 points out of 10 essential control points and a total 72 control points, which was slightly lower than the 2.81 points obtained for other crops. In particular, ginseng farmers were given an average of 1.96 points in the evaluation of compliance with the safe use standards for pesticides, which was much lower than the average of 2.95 points for other crops. Therefore, it is necessary to train ginseng farmers to comply with the safe use of pesticides. In the other essential control points, the ginseng farmers were rated at an average of 2.33 points, lower than the 2.58 points given for other crops. Several other areas of compliance in which the ginseng farmers also rated low in comparison to other crops were found. These inclued record keeping over 1 year, record of pesticide use, pesticide storages, posts harvest storage management, hand washing before and after work, hygiene related to work clothing, training of workers safety and hygiene, and written plan of hazard management. Also, among the total 72 control points, there are 12 control points (10 required, 2 recommended) that do not apply to ginseng. Therefore, it is considered inappropriate to conduct an effective evaluation of the ginseng production process based on the existing certification standards. In conclusion, differentiated certification standards are needed to expand GAP certification for ginseng farmers, and it is also necessary to develop programs that can be implemented in a more systematic and field-oriented manner to provide the farmers with proper GAP management education.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2019

An analytical method was developed for the determination of fenpropimorph, a morpholine fungicide, in hulled rice, potato, soybean, mandarin and green pepper using QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) sample preparation and LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). The QuEChERS extraction was performed with acetonitrile followed by addition of anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. After centrifugation, d-SPE (dispersive solid phase extraction) cleanup was conducted using anhydrous magnesium sulfate, primary secondary amine sorbents and graphitized carbon black. The matrix-matched calibration curves were constructed using seven concentration levels, from 0.0025 to 0.25 mg/kg, and their correlation coefficient ($R^2$) of five agricultural products were higher than 0.9899. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.001 and 0.0025 mg/kg, respectively, and the limits of quantification for the analytical method were 0.01 mg/kg. Average recoveries spiked at three levels (LOQ, $LOQ{\times}10$, $LOQ{\times}50$, n=5) and were in the range of 90.9~110.5% with associated relative standard deviation values less than 5.7%. As a result of the inter-laboratory validation, the average recoveries between the two laboratories were 88.6~101.4% and the coefficient of variation was also below 15%. All optimized results were satisfied the criteria ranges requested in the Codex guidelines and Food Safety Evaluation Department guidelines. This study could serve as a reference for safety management relative to fenpropimorph residues in imported and domestic agricultural products.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2005

This method was described for the simultaneous determination of simetryn and buprofezin in rice, vegetables, and fruits by gas chromatography(GC) with nitrogen phosphorus detector. The GC method of simetryn and buprofezin was shown to give a linear detection ranges between $0.019\sim9.306mg/kg,\;0.023\sim11.27mg/kg$, respectively. For evaluation of GC method, simetryn spiked into rice, vegetables and fruits at the level of 4.653mg/kg was determined. The recoveries of simetryn by GC method were ranged from 57.9 to $115.9\%$. For evaluation of GC method, buprofezin spiked into rice, vegetables and fruits at the level of 2.817mg/kg was determined. The recoveries of buprofezin by GC method were ranged from 56.5 to $121.5\%.$

• THE HEALTH and ORGANIC FARMING
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• no.225
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

대만민국 건국이래 반만년만에 최초로 밥상용 수입쌀의 시중판매를 공식개시/"칼로스 쌀" 무릅꿇릴수 있다/우리의 산야초/인산이 작물에 왜 중요한가?/경북도지부 1/4분기 지회장단 정기회의 개최/미,친환경.유기농박람회 개최/식용유와 계란을 이용한 친환경농법으로 작물 병해충 방제 거뜬/건강상식의 편견에 고함/제2차 친환경농업 육성목표와 방향/"친환경 농산물 안심하고 드세요"/두가지 비료로 유기농작물의 고품질 다수확 생산을 체계적으로 보다 쉽게 하는 방법/친환경농업 생산~판매까지 책임 전남도 사업주체 책임운영모델 본격화/식물세균병 방제를 하려면/농업용수도 좋은 물을 사용해야 한다/미생물을 이용한 토양병해방제/냉해 방지는 이렇게/친환경농업기술 세미나 개최,농산물 안전성 확대 등 방안 마련/식물나라영농조합법인/삼정은 유기농인의 기본/해충의 습성을 이용한 퇴치/3월중 새식구 명단/광주.전남도지부 임원회의/유기 및 일반 농산물의 품질 비교에 관한 연구/관행 시설채소,농약 친환경의 7배 사용/월마트,유기농 시장 본격 진출/아이들 먹거리 우리가 책임진다/규소시비와 무제초

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2010

Thiosultap, a nereistoxin analog insecticide, registered in China has been used to control selected beetles and Lepidopteran pests on rice, vegetables and fruit trees. Although domestic use of thiosultap is not permitted, it is needed to monitor this insecticide from imported crops because that has been used on crops in many foreign countries, especially China. Thiosultap in hulled rice was determined as nereistoxin derived in basic condition by GC-FPD. This method accomplished ion-associated liquid-liquid partitioning for cleanup, and limit of quantification and linearity performed by the established method were 0.05 mg $kg^{-1}$ and 0.995$(r^2)$. The recoveries performed by control hulled rice fortified with thiosultap at 0.5 and 2.5 mg $kg^{-1}$ were $96.1{\pm}7.9\sim100.8{\pm}6.1%$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.590-594
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• 1989

To determine the change of residual chlorpyrifos during Kimchi fermentation, the Kimchi was prepared and fermented at $4^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks according to the conventional method. As a model experiment, chinese cabbages which were soaked in the chlorpyrifos solution were used for Kimchi preparation. It was found that the concentration of residual chlorpyrifos which was 0.161 ppm in raw cabbages decreased to 0.0938 ppm by 4 times of washing and further decreased to 0.0099ppm during fermentation of Kimchi for 4 weeks. In the model system, the residual chlorpyrifos decreased by the first order reaction as the fermentation of Kimchi proceeded . It's half life is approximately 1.8 weeks.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.62-67
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• 2001

In order to investigate the harmful effects of Fusarium, producing mycotoxins, contaminated cereals, two months feeding study was carried out in SPF-ICR mice. Mice diets were incorporated with 30% Fusarium infected wheat, nepal barley or barley. The wheat was processed to flour. The nepal barley and barley were polished by 68% and 58%, respectively. The cereal incorporating amount in mice diet were 0, 10, 30 and 50% for each processed cereal. Five week-old mice were fed with the prepared diet for 2 months. The effects of Fusarium contaminated cereals on the mice were observed after the feeding. The rates of body weight gain, diet and water consumption were not changed. There were no significant changes on hematology, blood biochemistry, gross and histopathological evaluation, organ weights in all treatment groups. These results suggest that the diets have no deleterious effects to ICR mice.