• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.148.1-148
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• 2003

버섯은 균사체와 자실체를 가진 고등균류로서 옛날부터 식용은 물론 약용으로 많이 사용되어 왔으며 부작용이 없는 저칼로리 식품으로서, 영양적인 측면과 의약품으로서의 효능을 가진 식품으로 인식되어 소비량이 날로 증가하는 추세이다. 버섯은 항균자용, 항암작용, 면역증강작용, 혈압강하 효과 및 혈중 콜레스테롤합성 억제효과 등의 다양한 생리활성을 나타내고 있어 국내에서도 버섯의 균사체 배양이 활기를 띄고 있다. 본 연구에서는 5종류의 버섯(아가리쿠스, 상황, 노루궁뎅이, 운지, 동충하초)의 균사체 배양원액을 10%, 30%, 50%, 100% 함유한 음료로서 전자공여능, 아질산염소거능, MDA cell과 A549 cell에 대한 암세포 증식억제 작용을 조사하였다. 5종류의 버섯 균사체 음료의 전자공여능은 발효원액을 30% 함유한 경우에 72∼89%였으며 100% 원액의 경우는 87∼93%의 탁월한 항산화능을 나타내었다. 균사체 음료의 아질산염 소거능은 노루궁뎅이버섯이 가장 높아서 균사체 원액은 73%, 112 희석액은 51%였으며 다음은 동충하초의 균사체 원액이 52%를 나타내었고 나머지 3종류의 버섯 균사체는 28∼36%의 아질산염소거능을 나타내었다. 균사체 발효음료 원액은 MBA cell에 대하여 5종류의 버섯 모두에서 82∼85%의 높은 암세포 증식억제작용을 나타내었고 동충하초는 1/2 희석액에서도 80%이상의 증식억제활성을 나타내었다. 균사체 발효음료 원액의 A549 cell에 대한 증식억제능은 동충하초 발효원액이 68%, 상황 발효원액이 50%로서 MDA cell에 대한 증식억제효과 보다는 효능이 낮은 편이었다. 전체적으로 5종류의 버섯 균사체 발효음료는 항산화작용, 아질산염소거능, 항암활성이 우수한 기능성 음료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.적으로 평가하는데 적합하나 아직 국내에선 X-선을 이용한 가공용 감자의 내부 결함특성에 대한 연구는 이뤄지지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 가공용 감자의 내부결함 특성중 하나인 내부동공의 X-선에 의한 특성을 본 연구소에 있는 X-선 발생장비로 측정해 보고 비파괴적인 방법으로 실시간 가능성을 시험하였다. 감자는 수원 농산물 도매시장에서 2003년산 가공용 감자 (품종:선농)를 구매하여 사용하였다. 감자내 내부동공은 35 ∼ 40 kV와 5.25 mA값으로 발생된 X-선에 의해 잘 검출되는 것으로 나타나, 현장에서 충분히 활용가능 할 것으로 판단되었다. 금후, 실시간으로 내부동공을 검출할 수 있는 시스템을 개발할 계획이다.정한 결과 메탄올에서는 5% 농도차이가 그 추출효율에 유의적인 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 에탄올에서는 40%에서 가장 높은 함량이 측정되었고 아세톤에서는 50%에서 측정되었다. 따라서 시료의 상태와 상관없이 배 과피의 페놀성물질 추출용매로는 40∼70%의 함수 아세톤이 적합한 것으로 사료된다.en delicious는 상온에서60일 동안 보관하였을 경우, 사과표피의 색도 변화를 현저히 지연시킴을 확인하였다. 또한 control과 비교하여 성공적으로 사과에 코팅하였으며, 상온에서 보관하여을 때 사과의 품질을 30일 이상 연장하는 효과를 관찰하였다. 이들 결과로부터 대두단백질 필름이 과일 등의 포장제로서 이용할 가능성을 확인하였다.로 [-wh] 겹의문사는 복수 의미를 지닐 수 없 다. 그러면 단수 의미는 어떻게 생성되는가\ulcorner 본 논문에서는 표면적 형태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$ elements

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.194.1-194
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• 2003

본 연구는 수출방법의 개선과 절임 가공식품의 개발하고 일본 수출용으로 재배하고 있는 가지 품종의 최적 염절임 방법과 더불어 절임가지의 저장중에 물성 및 일반성분의 변화를 조사하였다. 절임가지의 명도와 황색도는 저장기간이 길어질수록 모든 조건에서 증가하지만, 진공포장한 절임가지의 명도와 황색도는 침지 저장한 것에 비해 변화 정도가 작았다. 절임가지의 염도는 절임 초기에는 축양 품종과 시키부 품종에서 각각 24.67, 20.27% 이었으며, 진공포장한 것은 저장 5일 이후에는 변화가 없었으나 침지 저장한 것에는 저장 중에 계속 감소하였다. pH의 변화는 품종과 저장방법에 관계없이 저장중에 감소하였으며, 수분함량은 절임중에 급격하게 감소하여 축양 품종과 시키부 품종에서 각각 79.93, 82.56% 이었으며, 진공 포장하여 저장한 절임가지에서는 5일째에 증가하였고 이후에는 변화가 없었으나, 침지 저장 방법에서는 두 품종 모두 15일까지 증가하였다. 또한 수용성 단백질 함량의 변화도 수분함량의 변화와 비슷하였다. 비타민 C의 함량은 생가지 보다 두 품종 모두 최적조건으로 염절 임 한 가지에서 높아 축양 품종과 시키부 품종에서 각각 21.41, 24.53mg/100g 이었으며, 저장기간 동안 그 함량이 감소하였고, 진공포장 저장한 방법이 침지 저장한 방법에 비해 감소하는 경향이 적었다. 저장기간에 길어질수록 나트륨과 마그네슘의 함량은 감소하였으나 반대로 칼륨의 함량은 증가하였고 특히 침지 저장한 방법에서 이와 같은 변화가 두드러졌다. 두 품종의 절임가지의 저장방법과 저장기간에 따른 물성 및 성분의 변화를 조사한 결과, 진공포장하는 것이 절임가지의 품질 유지할 수 있는 것으로 생각된다.부로 유출되어 균체의 생육이 억제되며 성장을 저해 또는 사멸시키는 것으로 나타났다. 대장균수는 우유, 달걀 및 콩나물의 모든 처리구에서 BAAG의 첨가에 의해 성장이 억제되었으며 농도가 증가시킬수록 균증식 억제 효과가 뚜렷하였으며, 총균수도 압도적으로 낮은 간을 보여주었다. 달걀의 조단백함량의 변화는 BAAG를 처리하지 않은 무처리 대조구에 비하여 침지 처리한 경우가 조단백 변화가 크지 않았다. 즉, BAAG의 침지 처리한 경우, 저장기간 14일이 경과 한 후에 10%정도의 수준으로 감소한데 반하여, 무처리구인 대조구의 경우, 23%수준으로 감소 증도가 증가하였다. 외관상의 변화와 상품 가치를 측정한 결과는 달걀의 경우, 14일이 경과후에는 무처리 대조구에서 흰자위의 감소와 노른자위와의 경계가 뚜렷하지 못하여 상품으로서의 가치가 크게 떨어진 상태였다. 우유의 경우에는 4$^{\circ}C$와 2$0^{\circ}C$에 저장된 대조구에서는 각각 3일과 12일경과 후 강한 부패취와 아울러, 표피의 갈변정도가 심하되어 관능적으로 부패상태를 인지할 수 있었다. 콩나물의 경우도 저장3일 경과 후에 부패취와 함께 점질성 갈변물질이 생성되었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때, BAAG의 처리는 BAAC의 경우보다 가격은 저렴하면서도 항균력은 우수한 천연 항균복합제재로써 농산물 식품원료에 적용하여 선도유지 기간을 연장할 수 있는 효과를 기대할 수 있었다. 과일 등의 포장제로서 이용할 가능성을 확인하였다.로 [-wh] 겹의문사는 복수 의미를 지닐 수 없 다. 그러면 단수 의미는 어떻게 생성되는가\ulcorner 본 논문에서는 표면적 형태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.450-458
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• 2017

In this study, the antimicrobial activity of black garlic pomace extract (BGPE) was examined, and its washing applicability to spinach was investigated. BGPE had antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium) food-borne pathogens. In particular, antimicrobial activities of BGPE against Gram-positive bacteria were higher than those against Gram-negative bacteria. Spinach samples were treated with 0.5% BGPE to determine the effect of BGPE on reducing naturally existing microorganisms on the surface of spinach leaves. BGPE treatment reduced populations of total aerobic bacteria and yeast/molds in spinach by 1.23~1.35 log CFU/g and 0.82~1.12 log CFU/g during 9 days of storage, respectively, compared with those of control samples. After treatment, there were no significant differences in color quality such as Hunter L, a, and b values and total color difference (${\Delta}E$). These results clearly indicate that BGPE treatment can be useful for improving microbiological safety and maintaining color quality of spinach during storage.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 1983

The performance of the flat-plate solar collector with rock-pile thermal storage medium and the drying characteristics of rough rice and red pepper by use of natural air and of supplementary heated air by the solar drier were studied. The thermal efficiency of the flat-plate solar collector was average 25.4 percent and the overall heattransfer coefficient of the collector was approximately $38.13kJ/hr.m^2^{\circ}C$. The flat-plate collector was able to supply the supplementary heated air which was about $7^{\circ}C$ higher than the ambient air temperature during the daytime and about $3^{\circ}C$ higher than during the night. For rough rice drying of grain moisture content front 24.5 to 14.5%, it took 18 days in the natural air system, 12 days in the tubular solar collector and 10 days in the flat-plate solar collector. For red pepper drying from it's moisture from 81.0 to 15.0%, 68 hrs required under conventional sun drying system, but 38 hrs in tubular solar collector and 36 hrs in the flateplate solar collector. The changes of capsanthin and capsaicine content were investigated at various drying system, and little difference was found among the drying system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 1990

In order for investigating the variability of the characters related to malting barley quality of the different seed lots, about 150 seed lots sampled from the six districts in the southern parts of Cheonnam were analysed. The percentages of the first, second, and off grade of different seed lots of inspected malting barley were 25.9%, 62.7% and 11.4%, respectively. The coefficients of variation (CV) for years in the first grade was 25.0% and the off grade 43.4%. The CVs for 1,000 grain weight, assortment rate, grain colour, germination energy and capacity of different seed lots were 9.1%, 13.2%, 35.7%, 6.2% and 5.0%, respectively. Also, the CV for starch content of different seed lots was 4.8% and 9.6% for ${\beta}$-glucan, 14.0% for crude protein, 14.7% for husk rate, respectively. Seventy five percentage of seed lots in the first grade was fitted for the Agricultural Inspection Law of malting barley and the fitted rates in the second and off grade were 90% and 83%, respectively. The grade of malting barley were positively correlated with grain colour, crude protein, crude fiber, husk rate and ${\beta}$-glucan, but negatively with assortment rate, 1,000 grain weight, germination energy and capacity and starch content.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.451-468
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• 2022

Leading enterprises in contract farming are in control of agricultural production and influence the structure of the agricultural system in contract areas. This study focuses on the contract farming of potatoes for manufacturing chips, which uses a high proportion of domestic raw materials, and identifies the characteristics of contract farming between confectionery company 𐩒 and potato farms in Haean-myeon, Yanggu-gun, Gangwon-do. This study also analyzes the impact of contract farming on local agriculture from the perspective of the industrialization of agriculture. The results of this study demonstrated that contracting companies ensured the quality of potatoes and smooth agricultural operations by first preferentially selecting farmhouses with land that is easy to work with and then supplying the necessary agricultural machinery to promote the intensification of their work. In addition, contracting companies influenced the centralization of the agriculture sector by selecting farmhouses capable of contracting over a certain scale and guaranteeing them sales channels and the specialization of potato farming in contract areas, mainly through the supply of processing varieties and the spread of cultivation technology. The results confirmed that these three dimensions of contract farming promoted the industrialization of local agriculture.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.610-613
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• 2012

Oyster shell has a high content of $CaCO_3$ to be used as a acidic soil amendment. To enhance productivity of barley and soil microbe in an upland soil, oyster shell and calcium-magnesium carbonate were selected as a soil amendments in this study. A field experiment was treated no treatment (hereafter, control), oyster shell lime $3.09Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and $2.38Mg\;ha^{-1}$, and calcium-magnesium carbonate $2.38Mg\;ha^{-1}$ as amount of lime requirement in silt loam soil. The yield of barley from the oyster shell lime treatment was the highest. The protein content of barley was the highest of 11.1% in the calcium-magnesium carbonate, followed by 10.7% for the control, 10.6% for the oyster shell lime $3.09Mg\;ha^{-1}$, and 10.4% for the oyster shell lime $2.38Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Soil pH value was higher than that of control in harvesting stage. In addition, the population of soil bacteria was highest in oyster shell lime $2.38Mg\;ha^{-1}$, actinomycetes was highest in calcium-magnesium $2.38Mg\;ha^{-1}$. We concluded that the oyster shell lime can be effective to restore soil nutrient and microbe balance in an upland soil.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.405-411
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• 2009

The manufacturing process and quality properties of Lactococcus lactis-fermented yakchobugak (LFY) containing some colored agro-food products were investigated to develop a good organoleptic bugak from the leaf of the medicinal herb. The de-oiling rate of LFY by centrifugation was 37.6%, which was significantly different to the 3.5% value obtained after standing and the 8.9% value obtained with the beating method (p<0.05). Reducing power (RS) increased with addition of increasing levels of ethanol extracts from agro-food powders. The RS of green tea extract-supplemented LFY had the highest value of 0.97 at $500{\mu}g/mL$, and this was significantly different to values obtained using other extracts (p<0.05). At 83.84%, the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical scavenging activity of green tea extract-supplemented LFY was the greatest of all samples tested, followed by LFY with woolgeom at 39.48%, LFY with black rice at 28.45%, and LFY with bokbunja at 22.24% all ethanol extracts were added at $50{\mu}g/mL$ (p<0.05). Acid values of green tea and bokbunja LFYs stored in transparent PE bags at $60^{\circ}C$ for 7 days were 1.82% and 2.03%, respectively. Textural hardness values of LFYs were less than 250.62, except for LFYs with black rice and woolgeom, but these values increased $2{\sim}3$-fold after lactic acid fermentation. Carbohydrate and protein content of LFYs were in the ranges $58.95{\sim}64.63%$ and $7.50{\sim}8.68%$, respectively. Lipid and calorie contents of woolgeom LFY had the lowest values of 22.02% and 490 Kcal, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.841-849
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• 1996

Quality changes in carrot during storage were studied to investigate the efficiency, cooling properties and the washing and storage effects of hydrocooling method. As a result of plotting the nondimensionalized carrot temperature versus cooling time, its cooling rate coefficient was shown $-0.0171min^{-1}{\sim}-0.0121min^{-1}\;(R^{2}=0.99{\sim}0.95)$, and $-0.141min^{-1}{\sim}-0.0038min^{-1}\;(R^{2}=0.98{\sim}0.92)$ in package condition7. Rate of weight loss and change in moisture content of carrot were not significantly different by treatment conditions during storage at $5^{\circ}C$. During storage at $15^{\circ}C$, however, weight loss of hydrocooled carrot was lower than that of non-treated carrot from the 30th to 40th day. Especially, PE was more effective than tray for packaging hydrocooled carrots. Carrot pretreated wish sterilizing agent, packed with PE vinyl film and with residual water removed after hydrocooling showed a lower decaying-rate than any other carrots. Changes in Hunter L and b values of hydrocooled carrot were slower than those of non-treated one. The carotenoids contents of stored carrot $(0.736{\sim}0.780mg%)$ decreased to $9{\sim}43%$ after 40 days of storage at $5^{\circ}C$ and before 20 days of storage at $15^{\circ}C$. It could be presumed that the addition of sterilizing agent reduced the initial level of overall microbial and coliform counts and their growth rate during storage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.228-234
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• 2004

In organic farming, nutrients for the crop production are mostly supplied by compost containing various organic materials. The long-term organic cultivation would result in continuous changes of soil chemical properties and fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of long-term organic cultivation to the soil fertility in Korea focusing on the chemical properties of soil. Soil samples were collected from organic farms that had been cultivated for 8-10 years after certification of organic product through the conversion periods of 2-3 years. Thereby each organic farm had acquired optimal cultivating techniques and soil condition. We separated organic farms into three groups by cultivating crops, i.e. leaf vegetables, fruit vegetables and fruit trees. In each group, five representative farms were chosen in order to investigate the relationships between application rate of compost and nutrient contents in soil. The application rate of compost was approximately $10-15Mg\;10a^{-1}$ for the first 2-3 years at the beginning of organic farming and then reduced to a rate of $3-4Mg\;10a^{-1}$ after stabilization of organic matter content in soil with $30-50g\;10a^{-1}$. However, the continuous organic farming for 8-10 years resulted in accumulation of nutrients, especially of P, in soil probably due to the excessive amounts of compost applied. In conclusion, we suggest that the application rate and organic sources of compost should be decided on the basis of P content in soil by soil testing and thereafter the lack of soil N content for crop cultivation should be compensated by crop rotation with such as legumes. This might be an approach to the original meaning of organic farming as an environmental friendly agriculture.