• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.280-289
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• 2013

Various vehicles have been studied in order to protect skin ageing and sustain constantly moisturization. Recently, in relation to maintain of moisture, absorption and penetration of active materials, there has been introducing many preparing methods such as liposome, liquid crystal and multilamellar emulsion. We developed multilayer lamellar vesicle using cetearyl alcohol/ceteth-20 phosphate/dicetyl phosphate as analogy of phospholipid according to variation of shear rate and pH. These multilayer lamellar vesicles were confirmed by cross polarizing microscope. As results, morphologies of lamellar vesicle were not uniformed at low shear rate and pH. Also, stabilities for encapsulation of retinol were observed at $42^{\circ}C$ during two months. As a result, quantitative content of retinol decreased at low pH. Multilayer lamellar vesicle decreased 14% of transepidermal water loss compared with O/W emulsion. We compared multilayer lamellar sun cream to O/W sun cream using in vitro SPF test of water resistance and concluded that multilayer lamellar sun cream is similar to O/W sun cream in water resistance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5601-5609
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to figure out the application of perceived quality and authentication evaluation system of teaching materials and implements for children in the early childhood education field. To achieve this, a survey was carried out from April 20 to April 30, 2013 on 150 guidance teachers who teach children classes for more than 3 years at kindergartens in Daejeon area, Chungnam. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, for the use of teaching materials and implements, 96.1% of teachers thought the quality of teaching materials and implements in their interaction with children was important. Most of them had a high perception of the quantity and quality when using teaching materials and implements with early childhood curriculum. For the most inconvenience when using teaching implements, developmental appropriateness was the highest by 47.3%. And the convenience of the application to children was 3.54 points on average. Above this, the application of teaching implements to children when using play and teaching implements was useful by 3.89 points on verage. The current teaching materials and implements for children in the early childhood education field was normal by 3.29 points on average. Second, teachers' perception of teaching materials and implements was relatively positive by 3.99 points on average, proving that the quality of teaching materials and implements based on the application of teaching materials and implements to early children in kindergartens was very important. Consequently, considering the importance and usefulness of teaching materials and implements, it is necessary to introduce institutional policies that teaching materials and implements with quality standard and institution evaluation can introduce the evaluation authentication system to guarantee the convenience of children' safety and use by the supply of quality-guaranteed products.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.507-515
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• 2020

The children's park, which was created uniformly during the industrialization period, is less utilized and is mainly used by the elderly during the day. In addition, sports facilities and rest facilities for the elderly are being installed, damaging the essence of children's parks. The main purpose of this study was to present the creation of a children's park that was appropriate to its essence and the utilization plan for the elderly. In this study, we conduct a survey to identify citizens' perception of children's parks and found that the opinions of children and the elderly were generally different. Children want to change and enjoy various games, while older people want to enjoy various programs while maintaining the status quo. As above, children do not dislike using the park with the elderly, but hope to create a separate park if possible. Meanwhile, the elderly want to renovate the current children's park and continue to use it. Therefore, in the future, some areas of children's parks will be created for the elderly or the entire area will be changed into small parks for the elderly, considering the location characteristics and population distribution of children's parks. In addition, the government should prepare measures for the introduction of programs for the elderly or maintenance using the elderly.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.30-33
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• 2000

최근 국내에서도 관 동맥 질환 환자의 수가 급증하고 있으며, 관 동맥 질환의 치료 방법인 관 동맥 성형 술은 관 동맥 stent의 도입에 의하여 보편화되어 국내에서 년간 5000개 이상의 stent가 시술되고 있다. 그러나 stent는 고가(1,200천원/개)로 전량 수입에 의존하고 있으며, 시술 후 사망까지 이를 수 있는 혈전에 의한 급성 페쇠와 재 협착이 문제점이다. 이를 위한 한가지 방법이 생체 적합성이 뛰어난 복합 stent의 개발인데 SiC나 Carbon을 coating한 stent는 시술 후 혈전 형성을 억제하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히 가장 순수한 Pyrolytic carbon은 hemocompatibility가 탁월하고 기밀 성이기 때문에 본 연구에서 그의 CVB-Kinetics를 연구코저 하는 것이다. methane으로부터 pyrolytic carbon의 CVD는 온도에 따라서 다양한 구조를 가지며 따라서 그의 mechanism도 다양하다는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 더구나 광간(균질)반응과 표면(불균질)반응의 정량적 관계에 따라서도 다르다는 것도 확인되었다. 그러나 stainless steel 316L로 만든 stent는 12 - 15 %의 Ni과 2%의 Mo을 함유해서 금속성을 잃지 않는 저온(600℃)에서도 pyrolytic carbon의 속매적 CVD가 가능함을 그리고 SiC의 코팅에 적합한 buffer layer 역할을 함을 확인하였다. 그리하여 본 연구는 반응기 설계에 필요한 저온 촉매적 pyrolytic carbon의 CVD-kinetics의 연구결로 그의 mechanism과 함께 rate law 식을 유도, 확인하였으며 600℃, 90kPa에서 P/sub ch4//P/sub H2/=5:1과 체류시간 1.8 sec가 최적임을 발견하였다. 이때 석출속도 11.2 g-mol/g-cat.h 혹은 두께속도로 73 nm/sec를 나타내었다.메타놀-물 (1 : 1) 유출액에서 $(0.80\;{\mu}g)$ 검출되었다. 하면 morey eel내장에서 얻은 독물질도 DEAE-셀루로즈에서 ST-1 과 ST-2로 나누어지며, 이 ST-1의 TLC, HPLC 및 알루미나 컬럼상의 거동이 파랑비늘돔에서 얻은 ST-1의 그것과 같으므로 scaritoxin으로 보고한 ST-1은 ciguatoxin의 형태인 less polar cigutoxin (LPCTX) 으로 생각된다.에서 각각 대조구의 57, 413 및 315% 증진되었다. 거품의 열안정성은 15분 whipping시, pH 4.0(대조구, 30.2%) 및 5.0(대조구, 23.7%)에서 각각 $0{\sim}38.0$ 및 $0{\sim}57.0%$이었고 pH 7.0(대조구, 39.6%) 및 8.0(대조구, 43.6%)에서 각각 $0{\sim}59.4$ 및 $36.6{\sim}58.4%$이었으며 sodium alginate 첨가시가 가장 양호하였다. 전체적으로 보아 거품안정성이 높은 것은 열안정성도 높은 경향이며, 표면장력이 낮으면 거품형성능이 높아지고, 비점도가 높으면 거품안정성 및 열안정성이 높아지는 경향이 있었다.protocol.eractions between application agents that are developed using different languages. Dynamic agent invocation is accomplished by Java Native Interface(JNI) that links two heterogeneous methods, and by KQML language interface that facilitates the communications between heterogeneous agents. This scheme of dyna

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1869-1873
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the amount of physical activity between young children with mental retardation and young children with normal condition using accelerometer. Six children (three children with retardation and other three children with normal condition) were selected as a subject on this research. And measurement of this research was done with the following items;(1)numpeaks accelerometer transverse; PAT, (2) numpeaks accelerometer longitudinal;PAL, (3)heat flux average original rate; HFA, (4) steps per minute(SPM), (5)GSR average. The amount of physical activity for young children with mental retardation shows that they move less that young children with normal condition; young children with mental retardation (PAT-$2.94{\pm}0.60$, PAL-$4.97{\pm}0.650$, young children with normal condition(PAT-$4.50{\pm}0.95$, and PAL-$6.05{\pm}0.87$). This suggests that young children with mental retardation lacks physical ability. And the amount of physical activity for young children with mental retardation was less compared with young children with normal condition. It is concluded that many programs for young children with mental retardation to have more interest and act fast should be introduced and developed in educating young children with mental retardation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.10-16
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• 2016

This work investigates the size and dispersion characteristics of silver nanoparticles synthesized by a liquid phase reduction method using PAA. The experimental variables were the molecular weight and doses of the PAA, reducing agent, dispersant, and organic solvent (ethanol-acetone). UV-visible spectrophotometer results confirm the formation of the silver particles, and SEM indicates size in the nanometer range. As the ultrasonication time increases, there is a tendency toward smaller agglomerates of nanoparticles. The agglomerates were dispersed into 1-5 agglomerates of particles by ultrasonication for 3 hours or more. Relatively spherical nanoparticles were produced with a completely homogeneous dispersion and size of 49.56-85.75 nm by ultrasonication using BYK-192, a dispersant containing copolymer with a pigment affinic group. The average size of the silver nanoparticles was increased to 36.82, 50.66, and 56.06 nm with increasing molecular weight of PAA. Also, the size of the nanoparticles increased with the capping of PAA on the surfaces of the nanoparticles when increasing the amount of PAA. The addition of hydrazine as a reducing agent produced relatively small particles because many nuclei were created by the reduction reaction. The ethanol-acetone solvent helped with the regular arrangement of the silver nanoparticles.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.793-800
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception and need of the early childhood education field on authentication of teaching materials and implements for young children. To achieve this, a survey was carried out on 350 teachers and directors in Daejeon-based kindergartens and child-care centers from September 21 to September 30, 2013. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, 59.4% of them thought that it needed the evaluation authentication of teaching materials and implements for young children. 32.9% of them had a high perception of the early childhood education field. 39.4% of them had high need of the early childhood education field. And 45.1% of them expected a high effect of introducing the evaluation authentication system of teaching materials and implements for young children. Second, most of them had the highest need of the evaluation authentication of teaching materials and implements for young children in terms of education, followed by function and field. And most of them placed the highest emphasis on social development, safety and language in terms of education, function and field, respectively. Consequently, the use of teaching materials and implements, which the social development and safety in terms of education and function are respectively evaluated and authenticated by the diversity of teaching materials and implements for young children, has need of the high evaluation and authentication of teaching materials and implements that can guarantee the quality when young children use a lot of experiment and observation implements such as block play, reading materials, manipulating materials, making implements.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.279-291
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to determine the structural relationships among the infant's temperament, father's involvement in child-rearing, and the infant's social and emotional behavior. To this end, research was conducted with 330 parents of infants aged 1 and 2 in 55 day care centers located in J city and I city, Jeollabukdo. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural model equation analysis were conducted using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. First, the results of the structural model equation analysis showed that the infant's temperament had a negative correlation with leisure and guidance, while it had a positive correlation with activity and impulsivity, which are external manifestations of their social and emotional behavior. Father's involvement in child-rearing had a negative correlation with the adaptability and mood aspects of the child's temperament, and also with general anxiety, an internal aspect of his or her social and emotional behavior. Social and emotional behavior had a positive correlation with the approach avoidance aspect of the infant's temperament. Second, according to the results of the analysis of the route between the variables, infant temperament was found to be a significant route, having a statistically negative correlation with father's involvement in child-rearing. The results of this study showed that infant's temperament and father's involvement in child-rearing had effects on the infant's social and emotional behavior, and suggested the importance of having a proper understanding of the educational implications of the father's involvement in child-rearing, in terms of its effects on the infant's social and emotional behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.737-745
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to develop a community based participatory obesity control program and measure the effects of the program on obesity, exercise habit, eating habit and life habits among obese elementary school children. The community based participatory obesity control program was provided for the experimental group of $4^{th}$ grade elementary school students for 10 weeks. The program included obesity related health educations and counseling once a week, jump rope classes twice a week and folk game classes held once a week. Method: There were 24 students with obesity in the experimental and 27 in the control groups. The collected data were analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ${\chi}^2$-test, independent t-test and repeated measure ANOVA. Results: After 10weeks of participation in the program, the experimental group showed significantly lower Body Mass Index (p<.001) and waist hip ratio (p=.036), significantly higher exercise habit (p=.004), eating habit (p=.003) and life habit (p=.001) than those in the control group. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that community based participatory obesity management program is effective nursing intervention for managing child obesity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.309-317
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• 2019

This study examined the effects of cooperative art activities according to visiting a forest on fulfilling young children's leadership ability and happiness. To achieve this, a study was conducted on experimental and non-experimental groups of 20 young children in classes A and B at S kindergarten, and also a group of children of the same age in a similar environment. The 16-session forest experience play activity program was planned for conducting research on the children's leadership ability and happiness fullness when using the Nuri curriculum, and this was carried out on the experimental group for 2 months. The pre- and post-analyses were carried out on the non-experimental group after outdoor activities on the topic of the Nuri curriculum-related activities. The results were as follows. First, cooperative art activities through the forest experience had a positive effect on the children's reinvention ability, human relations, goal achievement and direction power, which are all sub-factors of their leadership. Second, cooperative art activities through the forest experience had a positive effect on positive emotions, commitment, personal relations, meaning and achievement, which are sub-factors of their total happiness. Overall, their cooperative art activities during the forest experience were judged to be facilitating factors that have a positive effect on their leadership and happiness fullness.