• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the associations of food security with socio-demographic characteristics, nutrient intakes and mental health status among older Korean adults. Methods: This study was conducted using data from the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Subjects were 4,451 adults aged 65~98 years. Food security was measured using a self-reported question on food sufficiency of subjects' household. Based on the answers, study subjects were classified into secure, mildly insecure, moderately insecure, and severely insecure groups. Dietary intake was estimated by 24-hour dietary recall. Nutrient intake was assessed by dietary reference intakes (DRI). As for mental health status, the data on mental stress, depression, and suicide ideation were used. Results: Rate of food insecurity in older adults was 14.3%. Old age, being female, low education, low income level, living alone, and discomfort in daily living were more related to food insecurity. Means of nutrient intakes were significantly different according to food security status. Intakes of calcium, potassium, and vitamin $B_2$ were lower than recommended intakes in all groups. Consumption amounts of soy and soybean products, vegetables, mushrooms, fruits, vegetable oils, meats, eggs, seafood, and dairy products were lower in food insecure groups. Mental stress, depression, and suicide ideation were higher in food insecure groups independent of the gender and income level. Conclusions: These present findings suggested that food security is related to mental health as well as nutrition status in older Korean adults. A national system that include food and psychosocial support programs for the elderly should be considered in order to improve the overall health of older Korean adults.

• The Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.59-69
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• 2018

This is a cross-sectional study that suggests ways to activate forest welfare services (FWS) by investigating the infrastructure, service status, and perception on FWS in Korea. In August 2016, a structured email survey was conducted in nation widely. The respondents were mostly directors and general secretary (75.0%). The considerable number (16.3%) of nursing homes (NH) use some floors of the complex buildings that would be difficult to have FWS infrastructure and about 30% of those without forests near the facilities. The directors of NH recognize that FWS has positive effects on the elderly. However, FWS is not an requisite of the longterm care insurance benefit, and so costly and effort-intensive that FWS has not been activated so far. In order to activate FWS in NHs, it is necessary to develop and disseminate the guidelines on FWS that anyone can easily followed. In addition, when the National Health Insurance Corporation evaluates NHs, they should evaluate not only whether there is a wandering or walking space, but also whether it has forest healing factors such as forests. It is also necessary to create a barrier-free environment both inside and outside of NHs, increasing accessibility to the toilet in gardens, paving a passage for wheelchairs and lifts in forests near NHs. Through these efforts, it is expected that FWS will be activated to provide physical, mental rest and comfort, appropriate cognitive stimulation to the NH residents at the end of life.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2017

Objectives: Sleep disturbance is a very rapidly growing disease with aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep disturbances and its predictive factors in a three-year cohort study of people aged 60 years and over in Korea. Methods: In 2012 and 2014, we obtained data from a survey of the Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. We asked participants if they had been diagnosed with stroke, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, arthritis, pulmonary tuberculosis, asthma, cataract, glaucoma, hepatitis B, urinary incontinence, prostate hypertrophy, cancer, osteoporosis, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or metabolic syndrome. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination for dementia screening in 2012, and depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in 2012 and 2014. In 2015, a structured clinical interview for Axis I psychiatric disorders was administered to 235 people, and sleep disturbance was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The perceived stress scale and the State-trait Anger Expression Inventory were also administered. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict sleep disturbance by gender, age, education, depression score, number of coexisting diseases in 2012 and 2014, current anger score, and perceived stress score. Results: Twenty-seven percent of the participants had sleep disturbances. Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of medical diseases three years ago, the depression score one year ago, and the current perceived stress significantly predicted sleep disturbances. Conclusion: Comorbid medical disease three years previous and depressive symptoms evaluated one year previous were predictive of current sleep disturbances. Further studies are needed to determine whether treatment of medical disease and depressive symptoms can improve sleep disturbances.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.285-292
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the association of smoking cessation attempts and the perceived stress level and to identify the factors affecting the perceived stress level of quit smoking. The study utilized the 2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and was applied an Ordinal Logistic Regression to examine the association of smoking cessation attempts and perceived stress level. The current smoker those who experience failure in smoking cessation, were more stressful than those who experience success in smoking cessation (OR=1.72, CI;1.41-2.08). This study identified smoking cessation failure as a major psychiatric factor associated with high perceived stress level, and suggests high stress after smoking cessation failure as one of the reasons why smokers do not reach complete smoking cessation. Also, in order to promote smoking cessation, it is needed to have political approach in reducing the psychiatric hurdle like high stress after smoking cessation failure.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.12
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• pp.1106-1113
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• 2013

For patients who have senile mental disorder such as dementia, quantity of excercise and amount of sunlight are important clue for dose and the treatment. Therefore, monitoring health information of daily life is necessary for patients' safety and healthy life. Portable & wearable sensor device and server configuration monitoring data are needed to provide these services for patients. Watch-type device(smart watch) which patients wear and server system are developed in this paper. Smart watch developed includes GPS, accelerometer and illumination sensor, and can obtain real time health information by measuring the position of patients, quantity of exercise and amount of sunlight. Server system includes the sensor data analysis algorithm and web server that doctor and protector can monitor through sensor data acquired from smart watch. The proposed data analysis algorithm acquires quantity of exercise information and detects step count in patients' motion acquired from acceleration sensor and to verify this, the three cases with fast pace, slow pace, and walking pace show 96% of the experimental result. If developed u-Healthcare System for dementia patients is applied, more high-quality medical service can be provided to patients.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1249-1264
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• 2008

Guilt feelings are dysfunctional feelings that the primary caregiver of the frail elder are apt to have and those feelings increase a burden of caring, while there is lack of empirical study on the effect of guilt feelings on caring behaviors. In light of this, this study lays its purpose on examining the effect of the primary caregivers' guilt feelings on their burden of caring and request behaviors for help with caring, paying attention to their guilt feelings in our society where Confucian values toward supporting the elderly have remained. The questionnaire survey was conducted for 220 primary caregivers caring frail elders over 60 years of age by visiting. As a tool for measuring guilt feelings, a self-designed measure for caregivers was used (${\alpha}=.949$), and factors of guilt feelings were classified into four namely, the factors of lack of self-control, lack of resources, burnout, and the normative factor As a result, the following findings were derived. First, it was revealed that the guilt feelings of caregivers as family members have a positive correlation with a feeling of burden of caring and the feeling of burden have even effects on the four factors of guilt feelings. Second, when primary caregivers request help with caring, they feel guilty toward cohabiting family members and neighbors, and also they show no guilt feelings when using day-care services for the elderly. Especially, guilt feeling factors affecting primary caregivers were found to be the normative factor to cohabiting family members, the factor of lack of resources to neighbors, and the factor of burnout to using day-care services for the elderly. This result tells that the dysfunctional feelings of primary caregivers namely guilt feelings arising when asking help with caring not only increase their burden of caring but also can cause difficulties in sharing the role of the caregiver. Accordingly for the mental health of caregivers, we should develop programs with which we could understand and cope with their guilt feelings.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.122-168
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• 2017

I tried to understand a folk tale "The half-boy" in terms of analytical psychology. In the story, a lady without children prayed to the Buddha. The white old man came and gave three fishes, but the cat ate half of it. So, she ate two and a half. She gave birth to two perfect sons. The third son had one arm, one leg, and one eye. They grew well. Brothers went to take the civil service examinations, and the half-boy followed. But two brothers did not like the half-boy coming along. So, brothers tied the half-boy to the rocks and trees, and he picked them up with force and gave them down to the yard of the house. And the half-boy followed his brothers again, and brothers tied him with kudzu and put him in front of the tiger. The half-boy won the tiger by betting with cutting kudzu. The half-boy stripped off the tiger's skin. The host coveted the tiger skin and they played with janggi. The half-boy won the game and was permitted to take host's daughter. The half-boy went with a string, a drum, a flea, and a bedbug. He teased host's people with these. The half-boy brought a virgin and lived well. "The Half-Boy" folktale is an old story spread throughout the country. There are similar stories in India and Africa. Unilateral figures are universally distributed archetypal images. In numerous cultures gods and spirits are being portrayed as unilateral figures. In the creation mythology, half-figure beings have immortality. In Indonesian and African folk tales, the half-born boy goes to heaven and merges with its half and becomes perfect. Some of one-sided spirits are harmful to humans but some of one-sided birds, chickens, and spirits are helpful to people. Sometimes half being is a cultural hero who steals grain from heaven or gets some advice how to use bamboo. There are stories that half body becomes a whole body afterwards. But in this folktale and most of the similar folktales, half-figure does not change and maintains half-figure to the end. And as a half-figure he does various great things and marries a virgin. The half-boy symbolizes a psychic experience born in the unconscious. The unconscious contents may seem strange and weird at first and the collective consciousness does not want to accept them. But the unconscious exerts greater power and brings vitality and creativity to consciousness. This folk tale seems to have compensated for the stubborn collective consciousness of our society, which was a Confucian class society. It also allows people to change their attitude toward disabled people and recognize strengths and creativity of the handicapped.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.454-463
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• 1992

세계가 일일 생활권화 됨과 더불어 국제교류가 활발해지므로써 횡문화 간호 연구는 전문직 간호(Professional Nursing)에 있어서 매우 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있음을 많은 문헌을 통해서 알 수 있다(Brink, 1976 : Leininger, 1977 : Roberston & Boyle, 1987). 횡문화 간호연구는 서로 다른 문화적 배경을 가진 사람들을 잘 이해하고 그들의 건강을 돌봄에 있어서 더욱 효과적이고, 안전한 간호를 할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 간호이론 개발, 간호모형(Model) 개발에 있어서도 매우 중요한 역할을 한다고 믿는다. 본 연구는 1984년에서 1987년 사이에 전문적 간호연구지에 실린 10편의 횡문화 간호연구와 관련된 논문들을 발췌하여 간호지식체의 본질적인 과정인 비판적 문헌고찰을 통해 각 논문들을 비교 분석 한 것으로써, 미래의 간호연구를 위한 간호실무, 간호교육, 간호연구 방법 및 간호 행정면에서 그 적용성을 높여줄 것이다. 비판적 문헌고찰을 위한 기준은 Burns와 Grove(1987)의 방법을 참고하여 아래와 같이 선정하였다. 1. 분석대상 : 목적, 가설 진술, 문헌고찰, 표본조사, 방법론적 논점, 결과 해석 2. 이론적 틀의 유도 흑은 통합 3. 발전적인 간호수행을 위한 중요성, 적용성 및 제언 이상의 내용으로 비교 분석을 해본 결과 1984년에서 1987년 사이에 발표된 횡문화 간호에 관한 논문들의 주제는 주로 여성을 대상으로 한 건강돌봄, 자가간호, 건강신념, 수유, 임신 그리고 간호사와 소수민족 노인과의 의사소통 양상 등으로 나누어 볼 수 있었다. 이론적 틀은 주로 사회학, 정신심리학, 인류학 이론으로부터 도출되었고, 오직 두 편만이 간호 이른에 틀을 둔 것으로 나타났다. 1. 10개의 논문의 가설과 목적의 분석에 있어서 4편의 논문은 목적과 가설이 구체적으로 진술되어 있었고, 나머지 6편은 목적이 전반적으로 진술되어 있었으며 가설도 구체적이지 않았다. 이러한 제한점은 각 논문의 연구자가 문헌고찰을 충분히 하지 못하고 단지 수편의 논문만을 제시 한 데서 비롯되었다고 분석 해 볼 수 있겠다. 2. 문헌고찰 부분에서는 각각의 연구주제를 지지해줄 수 있는 문헌들이 충분히 고찰되지 못하였고, 이론적배경 또한 횡문화 이론과의 관련성이 적었다. 또한 횡 문화 연구에 기초가 되는 연구대상자의 사회 인구학적 특성과 역사적 배경은 잘 나타났으나, 이론적 연구와 경험적 연구 간에 괴리가 있었다. 3. 표본추출방법은 문화에 기반을 둔 대상자를 선정한다는 점에서 한계성 이 있었다. 4. 방법론적 이유로는 대상자와의 면담시간이 구체적으로 기술되지 않았으며, 고유한 언어를 통역하는 과정에서 의미론적 문제에 대한 고려가 부족하였다. 면접과 기록과정에서 보면 자료의 기록과정과 분류 및 분석과정이 명시되어 있지 않았다. 참여관찰과 면접방법을 사용시 이에 대한 자세한 기술이 되어 있지 않았다. 5. 연구결과의 적용 및 이에 대한 논의는 상당히 제한되어 있었는데, 수편의 연구만이 방법론 문제점과 앞으로의 연구분야에 대한 전망을 제시하였으며, 특이한 것은 어 떤 연구자도 이른 개발을 위한 적용 및 임상실무적 차원에서 간호에 대한 제언을 하지 않았다.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.905-923
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting the conflict between grandparents raising grandchildren and adult children. The data were based on the panel survey to explore korean retirement and income study conducted by National Pension Service in 2009. For this study, 287 parenting grandparents rearing grandchild are selected from the survey. Included variables are a demographic factor, a economic factor, a caregiving-related factor, a health factor, and a family relationship factor. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, co-relation and logistic regression, with SPSS WIN 18.0 program. The results are as follows: First, when grandparents are male, older, highly educated, having no religion, and unemployed, a conflict with their adult children grows. Second, when grandparents do not have earned income or financial income, but have private income transfers, a conflict with their adult children is high. Third, when grandchildren are younger, there are no caregiving rewards, economic activities suspension or reduction because of caregiving, a conflict with their adult children is strong. Also, when grandparents' physical health is good, but their mental health is poor, a conflict with their adult children increases. Fourth, when grandparents' satisfactions with family relationship and spouse relationship are low, but their satisfaction with adult children relationship is high, a conflict with their adult children rises. This study suggests that unlike in the past, grandparents raising grandchildren can no longer make sacrifice themselves for their adult children, but they expect proper exchange between parents and children. Therefore, there needs to be understanding of grandparents raising grandchildren and further studies of a conflict between grandparents raising grandchildren their adult children.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.9-18
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• 2009

This paper deals with the elderly serious game design which makes full use of the existing arcade game machine. This serious game is on the issue for its positive role recently. Serious arcade game for the elderly which is made up arcade platform-based combined contents manufacture technology has an element which is having a fun for building up physical and mental health. It also has a special objective which can prevent against senile dementia. Above-mentioned serious arcade game which has a special objective in both hardware part and software part is needed to study how to design. Accordingly, this paper presents how to make up special-purpose entertainment machine and contents development by biologic, social, and psychological researches and data about the elderly - main users. We hope that this paper can be used as a base for expansion of new industrial field by integrating new product development for the elderly with high game technology.With the help of information technology