• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-67
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was a descriptive survey study to examine the degrees of the health perception, health knowledge, and health promoting behavior in the elderly, and the relationship among the above factors. Methods: Subjects were 183 persons with the age over 65 years living in Seoul. Measures were Health Perception Questionnaire (HPQ) developed by Ware (1979), the health knowledge instrument developed by Ha Gwi-Yeom (2005), and the Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) developed by Walker, Sechrist & Pender (1987) and modified by Hong Young-Ae (2003). Data were collected from March 4 to April 12, 2007. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation using the SPSS program. Results: The mean level of health perception was 2.71(${\pm}0.77$), the mean level of health knowledge was 7.10(${\pm}1.82$), and the mean level of health promoting behavior $2.72{\pm}0.86$. Health promoting behavior showed a positive correlation with health perception (r=.715) and health knowledge (r=.543), and a positive relation was observed between health perception and health knowledge (r=.526). Conclusion: The enhancement of health perception and health knowledge are needed to improve health promoting behavior of the elderly. Also, the general characteristics of elderly should be considered to improve health promoting behavior of elderly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.252-261
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the health status(present illness, ADL and IADL), health perception, and health promotion behaviors of low-income elderly who are receiving the visiting nurse service in the community. Method: The sample of the study was 735 elderly over 65years old with basic livelihood security, who were conveniently selected from 245 public health centers nation-wide. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire through interviews by visiting nurses. Result: The average number of present illnesses in the study subjects was 4.18. The average scores of ADL and IADL were 15.903.39and 9.772.97 respectively, which indicates a relatively independent everyday life. However, $64.2\%$ of the subjects perceived their health status as 'not healthy'. In terms of health promotion behaviors, $77.8\%$ of the subjects had ceased smoking, $83.9\%$ stopped drinking, $56.4\%$ had a regular diet, $45.8\%$ received regular physical check-ups during the past two years, and $66\%$ received flu shots. Approximately $50\%$ of the subjects were practicing 3-4 health promotion behaviors. Significant factors associated with health promotion behaviors were ADL, IADL and self-efficacy. Conclusion: Health promotion programs which focus on regular diet, exercise, and regular physical check-ups should be developed to improve independence of everyday life and quality of life among low-income elderly.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate effects on cognitive perception. health promotion activity and life satisfaction of elderly. The participants for this study were 292 in senior citizen's center in S-city. The participants were categorized by two groups. one have taken exercise regularly. at least more than one a week for 6 months, the other have not. The measurement tools were the Perceived Benefit Scale developed by Walker, et al. and translated by Kim. Hee Ja(1994), the Life Satisfaction Index developed by Neugarten. etc. and translated by Lee. Ga Ok(1994) and Self efficacy Scale developed by Kim. Hee Ja (1994). The data were collected by personal interviews. which were taken from January 11 to 16. 1999, and analyzed by SAS 6.12. The major results of this study were as follows 1) Scores of self-efficacy were higher regular exercise group than irregular group. 2) Regular exercise group have taken exercise such as jogging, climbing and the other hands irregular group have not. 3) When the participants were categorized by smoking, other health promotion behavior (weight control. diet), both scores of life satisfaction index were higher smoking group than non-smoking group, other health promotion behavior than non-health promotion behavior. 4) There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of perceived benefit, life satisfaction, From these findings, regular exercise program will be able to provide elderly with opportunity to change positively their lives in cognitive perception. health promotion activity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify leisure activities, health promotion behaviors, and quality of life and regional differences in urban and rural elderly people. Method: This study was a descriptive research and data were collected from 198 elderly people using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the PASW WIN 18.0 Program. Result: Urban elders showed significantly higher rate for leisure activities compared to rural elders. While urban elders did not show a significant relationship among leisure activities, health promotion behaviors, and quality of life, rural elders showed a significant relationship among leisure activities, health promotion behavior, and quality of life. While the leisure activities and health promotion behaviors were influenced by recreational and social life in the urban elders, these activities and behaviors had no influence for rural elders. Leisure activities and quality of life were influenced by watching and enjoying activities, services and religious activities, and recreational and social life for urban elders but health sports was an influence for rural elders. Conclusion: Findings indicate regional differences and provide basic information to develop programs and leisure guidelines to enhance leisure activities, health promotion behaviors, and quality of life according to regional characteristics of elderly people.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.133-143
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe perceived conception of health, family support and health Promoting behavior; as well as to assess factors that influence health promoting behavior. Method: Study participants were 165 elderly people over the age of 65, living in C city. The instruments were Laffery's health concept scale, the family support scale by Kang, and the health promoting behavior scale by Walker et al. Results : 1. The scores for level of health concept ranged from 28 to 112, and had a mean score of 75.16. The scores for level of family support ranged from 11 to 55, and had a mean score of 41.55. The scores for health promoting behavior ranged from 40 to 160 with mean score of 98.07. For health promoting behavior the participants revealed that the most frequent practices were in nutrition, and the least frequent, in exercise. 2 Higher levels of health conception and family support were correlated with an improving level of health promoting behavior. 3. The factor most influencing health promoting behavior in elderly people was family support. Family support accounted for 11% of the variance in health promoting behavior. A combination of health conception, education level and dwelling pattern accounted for 23% of the variance in health promoting behavior. Conclusion : Perceived health conception and family support were identified as important variables for health promoting behavior in elderly people.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.401-414
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• 2000

This study was designed to explore and compare health-promoting behaviors and perceived health status between Korean elderly and Korean-American elderly. One hundred fifty Korean elderly and one ten Korean-American elderly recruited from senior centers respectively. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS program through which with a structured questionnaire. T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients were tested. The results were followings : 1. In religion, 32.7% of Korean elderly were protestant. while 61.8% of Korean-American elderly were protestant. 61.3% of Korean elderly were living with their children, and only 17.3% of Korean-American elderly were living with their children. 2. Perceived health status of Korean elderly was 3.08 and Korean-American elderly was 3.01, there was no significant difference in those two groups. 3. The mean HPLP score of Korean elderly was 2.63, showed significant relationships with age, economic status and education, while Korean-American elderly was 2.54, showed significant relationships with education and economic status. 4. There was no significant difference in the mean HPLP score in two groups, but Korean elderly showed higher practices in health responsibility, exercise, and stress management than that of Korean-American elderly. Both two groups showed highest practices in nutrition(3.14, 3.01). and the lowest practices in exercise(2.14, 1.92). 5. The HPLP score of Korean and Korean-American elderly showed(r=.24, r=.20) positive correlations with perceived health status. To draw concrete resolution for health promotion of Korean-American elderly, this study suggests followings for future research: 1. Developing health promotion programs focused on exercise and stress management is also imperatively suggested not only for better health practices of Korean immigrant elderly population but also for enhancing their level of well-beings and life satisfaction. 2. Identifying the influences of culture on their practices of health-promoting lifestyle patterns among Korean, Korean-American and other racial elderly groups.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health knowledge and health promoting behavior in the elderly. Methods: The participants of this study were 114 men and women over 65 years at P-myeon, Yeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Data were collected from March 1st to April 9th in 2011. The survey was carried out via the face to face interview using structured questionnaires. Results: Eighty nine percent of the participants responded that they were aware of the types of healthcare service. The most desirable service was 'long term care insurance system'. The average of health knowledge was 7.94 (${\pm}1.51$) out of 10 and average of health promoting behavior was 2.81 (${\pm}0.30$) out of 4. Health promoting behavior showed a positive correlation with health knowledge (r=.189, p=.044). Conclusion: The health promoting behavior in the elderly was related with health knowledge. Therefore, the enhancement of health knowledge is needed to improve health promoting behavior in the elderly. Education for self care and providing information for health care are needed for health maintenance and improvement in elderly. In addition, program development for providing health knowledge and nursing intervention for supporting health promoting behavior are in need.

• Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2018

Purpose: Self-efficacy encompass one's belief in one's ability to organize and achieve goals. Previous studies have not adequately examined the mediating role of self-efficacy between social support and health promotion behavior. Therefore, this study explored the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between social support and health promotion behavior among older women living alone. Methods: Participants were 145 older women living alone attending a local welfare center for seniors. They completed the Self-efficacy Scale, Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey Scale, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Data were analyzed using Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, Baron and Kenny's regression analysis and the Sobel test with the SPSS program. Results: The average social support, health promotion behavior, and self-efficacy were not high. Self-efficacy was a partial mediating role in the relationship between social support and health promotion behavior. Social support was positively correlated with self-efficacy (r=.31, p<.001) and with health promotion behavior (r=.43, p<.001), and self-efficacy was positively related with health promotion behavior (r=.39, p<.001). Conclusion: To enhance health promotion behavior in older women who live alone, intervention strategies to increase social support and self-efficacy for these women should be developed.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-139
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the health promotion activities of the elderly Korean aged 65 or older and to examine the related factors associated with the health promotion activities. Methods: Data were obtained from 2008 Social Statistics Survey of Korea National Statistical Office of 6,207 people aged 65 or older. We measured the socio-demographic characteristics, physical health status, social health status, and health promotion activities. Statistical analyses were employed through the $X^2$-test and Odds ratio using Logit Model. Results: In our study, health promotion activity practice rates were varied among the socio-demographic characteristics, physical and social health status. Our findings also support that better socio-demographic and physical health status explain the higher practice rates of health promotion activities. In addition, the higher social health status was associated with better practice rates of health promotion activities. Conclusion: We found that the health promotion activities of the elderly could be encouraged by better socio-demographic status and physical and social health status. To better accomplish the health promotion for the elderly in our community, policy-makers should need careful political deliberation for executing health promotion services considering the distinctions of programme and target groups.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between health promotion behaviors and chronic disease prevalence of Korean elderly and to provide information for preventing chronic diseases and improving health conditions of the elderly. Methods: A subset of 584 cases in the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used for secondary analysis. Chi square test was used to compare chronic diseases prevalence by general characteristics and health promotion behaviors. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with chronic diseases. Results: Gender, occupation, subjective health status, smoking, and alcohol drinking have significant association with chronic diseases. Conclusions: Gender-specific health education for the elderly should be implemented at the health center, and opportunities for social participation can be enhanced through job creation for the elderly. Active campaigns on smoking cessation and moderate drinking are needed to prevent and manage chronic diseases of the elderly.