• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.485-495
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• 2010

This study analyzed the effect of singing music activities using media on audiation. The study selected 39 children from two 5-year-old child care center classes, they were divided into experiment group and control group. The collected data was analyzed by an analysis of covariance(ANCOVA), and conducted t-test on the data collected through pre and after examination using SPSS Win 12.0. The results reveal that the singing music activities using media was verified to have positive effect on audiation of children. In conclusion, using media with musical concept for children music education is need for building children's musical ability.

• Proceedings of the KHMA Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.380-380
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• 2012

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.93-113
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• 2008

This study examined musical concepts of early childhood teachers with the 'Sing-a-New-Song' activity and problems teachers face in the application of musical concepts. Participants were 10 kindergarten teachers; data were collected through lesson plans, videos of classes, and interviews with teachers. Results showed that (1) selection of songs focused on words of a song rather than musical concepts; ignoring development of the musical level of the children. (2) Goal-setting ignored musical concepts. (3) Class management confused musical concepts with other concepts. (4) No evaluation of musical concepts was undertaken. Problems included teachers' lack of knowledge of musical development in young children, insufficient understanding and limited application of musical concepts, and low expectations regarding music as a subject of instruction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.380-387
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• 2011

This study was to investigate the effects of music-combined respiration and oral motor training on the voice of healthy elderly. 27 women attending a senior center in Seoul participated and were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 16) and the control group (n = 11). Subjects attended music program(25 minutes per session) once a week for 4 weeks. For both groups, Fundamental Frequency (F0), Maximum Phonation Time (MPT) and Sequential Motion Rates (SMR) were measured using the Praat speech analysis program before and after the training. The results showed statistical significance in scores of intensity, F0, MPT, and SMR in the experimental group while only intensity was statistically significant in the control group. Considering that, the increasing life expectancy and growing number of older adults, their quality of life has been important. So this study suggests that the respiration and oral motor training would be effectively incorporated into training and services for this population.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2010

As a means to support maternal transition, a home-based music intervention was employed to facilitate mothers' singing to their infants. Four mothers were recruited as volunteers for this study their typically developing infants ranged in age from 2 months to 11 months. Interviews were conducted after the completion of the intervention. An educational music intervention was used to introduce the benefits of mothers' singing to their infants and to encourage four mothers to perform regular singing to their infants for the two-week period. In the interview, mothers provided valuable information regarding their personal experiences, thoughts, abilities to carry out the daily singing, and additional support needs in singing. All mothers demonstrated positive experiences and needs for future intervention development. Overall, the results showed that music-involved educational intervention is beneficial for mothers to support their maternal transition. The need emerged for future studies to develop music-involved educational intervention to support maternal transition.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.165-186
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare adults' with intellectual disabilities voice pitch between who have choir experiences and those who do not. Participants were a total of 21 male adults with intellectual disabilities (12 choir group members and 9 non-choir group). Praat test was conducted to compare the characteristics of pitch, produced by the participants while they were singing in their comfortable pitch range. The results showed that the range of melodic contour in the choir group was broader and higher than those of the non choir group. Participants in the choir group produced a lower pitch in the beginning note, and they produced a higher pitch compared to the non-choir group on the highest and lowest note of the song. An analysis on the pitch of the individual note that the participants produced revealed a gap between the expected pitch notes and the actual notes produced while singing. In all syllables of the song, participants in the choir group showed higher accuracy of the pitch production, and significantly more accurate on the perfect fifth and eighth intervals. Regarding to the relative pitch, participants in the choir group produced significantly more accurate notes on perfect fifth, perfect fourth, and perfect eighth intervals. Findings of the study suggest that constant singing experience enable them to have pitch training. It also implies for further studies regarding to singing abilities of adults with intellectual disabilities.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.19-39
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• 2014

This study investigated whether a song psychotherapy based on the change stages of alcohol addiction impacted the change readiness of alcoholics. The song psychotherapy intervention consists of six activities (listening to a song, singing, songwriting, song sharing, lyrics analysis, and discussion and analysis of a song), which considers the change stages of alcohol addiction. A total of 64 inpatients diagnosed with alcoholism were randomly assigned to either the control (n = 33) or experimental group (n = 31). The experimental group took part in the intervention program for 45 minutes twice a week for 6 weeks (total of 12 sessions). The intervention effect was evaluated with SOCRATES-K. The results showed that the SOCRATES-K score significantly increased by 14.6% (p < .001) for the experimental group, whereas it remained almost unchanged (0.8% increase, p = .141) in the control group. For subcategory scales, the experimental group showed the highest increase in the ambivalence factor, followed by the recognition and taking-steps factors. Meanwhile, no significant changes in all three scales were found in the control group. Therefore, the song psychotherapy intervention based on the change stages of alcohol addiction was found to significantly increase the change readiness of alcoholics.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.15-31
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• 2005

Terminal pediatric patient include congenital metabolic abnormalities, chromosome aberrations, congenital anomalies, neuromuscular diseases and other incurable conditions as well as malignant tumors. One third of these diseases are cancers, and two thirds of cancers are lymphadenoma and leukemia. Terminal pediatric patient may feel fear, anger and frustration against treatment process in hospitals, lose control of themselves and stay in helplessness due to restrictions within controlled hospital environment. This study examined the relationship between hospitalized childrens behavior and music using Contextual Support Model of Music Therapya theory stating therapeutic music environments possess three elements of Structure, Autonomy support and Involvement, and increase childrens active engagement. Focused on these three therapeutic elements, this study analyzed music therapy cases of terminally ill children to examine the relationship between childrens behavior and music as environmental supportive medium in the environment. This study is on a single case case subject, a 10-year-old girl with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Nine sessions of music therapy activities were conducted and analyzed using qualitative method. Focusing on three therapeutic elements of Contextual Support Model, analysis of sessions was made on the basis of activities specifically designed for this study. Main music therapy activities included singing while playing musical instruments, singing while listening to music through CD player, making up songs, and searching for song lines. The findings of this study are as follows: a) in terms of Structure, music therapy suggested a direction for effective musical activities for terminally ill children by providing environments where child can sing, play musical instruments and make up songs; b) in terms of Autonomy support, music therapy encouraged childs voluntary participation by giving her chances to make choice while singing or playing musical instruments; c) in terms of Involvement, child could gain positive approval of the therapist and conduct musical activities in cooperation with the therapist. Music therapy serves as supportive medium in the environment, develops spontaneity and self-reliance in emotionally depressed children, and promotes voluntary attitudes in the restricted hospital environment. Based on the positive effects of music therapy, more studies need to be conducted with an approach to more various terminal pediatric patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.527-538
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to suggest a new direction for the development of children's music education and to provide a basis for the development of improved music education program for children through the qualitative investigation of what 'musicing' means to children on the basis of musical experiences - singing, listening, body expression, learning rhythms and time, playing instruments - in the children's comprehensive musical activities. The study was carried out from September $5^{th}$, 2011 to November $25^{th}$, 2011, on 15 4-years-old children in Haetnim-class, in S nursery, in the city of D. The observations were recorded in the field and materialized, and the collected materials were categorized and analyzed. The results of the study suggests that 'doing music' to children means 'making movements,' 'sharing emotions through imitation,' 'fun activity that one can look forward to,' 'musical instruments as playthings,' and 'finding 'the true me'.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-80
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to improve the self-expression of children through Orff activities. In this study, three (3) children from D day care center in Seoul who demonstrated withdrawn behaviors were chosen as research subjects, based on a self-expression test score of 50 points. The activities were conducted for 6 weeks, totaling fourteen (14) sessions, with each session being scheduled for forty (40) minutes. Across 14 sessions, the researcher conducted, analyzed and compared the self-expression scale of subjects, measured during the third and the last session. The researcher then qualitatively analyzed verbal and non-verbal self-expression behaviors of subjects by video recording the session. The analysis results shown by the study are as follows. First, the results of a quantitative analysis of the self-expression scale showed significant changes in self expression. Furthermore, the results of a qualitative analysis of verbal self-expression showed positive changes in self-perception and an increase in feelings of independence and activity than that of initial sessions.