• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.76-82
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• 2023

In the 4th industrial revolution, the blockchain that distributes and manages data through a P2P network is used as a new decentralized networking paradigm in various fields such as manufacturing, culture, and public service. However, with the advent of quantum computers, quantum algorithms that are able to break existing cryptosystems such as hash function, symmetric key, and public key cryptography have been introduced. Currently, because most major blockchain systems use an elliptic curve cryptography to generate signatures for transactions, they are insecure against the quantum adversary. For this reason, the research on the quantum-resistant blockchain that utilizes lattice-based cryptography for transaction signatures is needed. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a blind signature scheme for the blockchain in which the contents of the signature can be verified later, as well as signing by hiding the contents to be signed using lattice-based cryptography with the property of quantum resistance. In addition, we prove the security of the proposed scheme using a random oracle model.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1872-1879
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• 2022

Recently, with the development of artificial intelligence technology, research to use artificial intelligence to detect hacking attacks is being actively conducted. However, the fact that security data is a representative imbalanced data is recognized as a major obstacle in composing the learning data, which is the key to the development of artificial intelligence models. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a W-VAE oversampling technique that applies VAE, a deep learning generation model, to data extraction for oversampling, and sets the number of oversampling for each class through weight calculation using K-NN for sampling. In this paper, a total of five oversampling techniques such as ROS, SMOTE, and ADASYN were applied through NSL-KDD, an open network security dataset. The oversampling method proposed in this paper proved to be the most effective sampling method compared to the existing oversampling method through the F1-Score evaluation index.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.33-39
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• 2022

Recently, cyberattacks on infrastructure have been continuously occurring with the starting of neutralizing the user authentication function of information systems. Accordingly, the vulnerabilities of system are increasing day by day, such as the increase in the vulnerabilities of the encryption system. In this paper, an alternative technique for the symmetric key algorithm has been developed in order to build the encryption algorithm that is not easy for beginners to understand and apply. Vigenere Cipher is a method of encrypting alphabetic text and it uses a simple form of polyalphabetic substitution. The encryption application system proposed in this study uses the simple form of polyalphabetic substitution method to present an application model that integrates the three steps of encryption table creation, encryption and decryption as a framework. The encryption of the original text is done using the Vigenère square or Vigenère table. When applying to the automatic generation of secret keys on the information system this model is expected that integrated authentication work, and analysis will be possible on target system. ubstitution alphabets[3].

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.41-54
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• 2023

Smart grid that supports efficient energy production and management is used in various fields and industries. However, because of the environment in which services are provided through open networks, it is essential to resolve trust issues regarding security vulnerabilities and privacy preservation. In particular, the identification information of smart meter is managed by a centralized server, which makes it vulnerable to security attacks such as device stolen, data forgery, alteration, and deletion. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a blockchain based authentication protocol for a smart meter. The proposed scheme issues an unique decentralized identifiers (DIDs) for individual smart meter through blockchain and utilizes a random values based on physical unclonable function (PUF) to strengthen the integrity and reliability of data. In addition, we analyze the security of the proposed scheme using informal security analysis and AVISPA simulation, and show the efficiency of the proposed scheme by comparing with related work.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2024

The convergence of education and technology has been emphasized, leading to the application of educational technology (EdTech) in the field of education. EdTech provides learner-centered, customized learning environments through various media and learning situations. In this paper, we designed hardware for EdTech-based educational tools for IoT security education in the field of cybersecurity education. The hardware is based on a dual microcontroller unit (MCU) within a single board, allowing for both attack and defense to be performed. To leverage various sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT), the hardware is modularly designed. From an educational perspective, utilizing EdTech in cybersecurity education enhances engagement by incorporating tangible physical teaching aids. The proposed research suggests that the design of IoT security education hardware can serve as a reference for simplifying the creation of a security education environment for embedded hardware, software, sensor networks, and other areas that are challenging to address in traditional education..

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.238-240
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• 2006

네트워크상에서 발생하는 다양한 형태의 대량의 데이터를 정확하고 효율적으로 분석하기 위해 설계되고 있는 마이닝 시스템들은 목표지향적으로 훈련데이터들을 어떻게 구축하여 다룰 것인지에 대한 문제보다는 대부분 얼마나 많은 데이터 마이닝 기법을 지원하고 이를 적용할 수 있는지 등의 기법에 초점을 두고 있다. 따라서, 점점 더 에이전트화, 분산화, 자동화 및 은닉화 되는 최근의 보안공격기법을 정확하게 탐지하기 위한 방법은 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 유비쿼터스 환경 내에서 발생 가능한 문제 중 복잡하고 지능화된 침입패턴의 탐지를 위해 데이터 마이닝 기법과 결함허용방법을 이용하는 개선된 학습알고리즘과 후처리 방법에 의한 RTPID(Refinement Training and Post-processing for Intrusion Detection)시스템을 제안한다. 본 논문에서의 RTPID 시스템은 active learning과 post-processing을 이용하여, 네트워크 내에서 발생 가능한 침입형태들을 정확하고 효율적으로 다루어 분석하고 있다. 이는 기법에만 초점을 맞춘 기존의 데이터마이닝 분석을 개선하고 있으며, 특히 제안된 분석 프로세스를 진행하는 동안 능동학습방법의 장점을 수용하여 학습효과는 높이며 비용을 감소시킬 수 있는 자가학습방법(self learning)방법의 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 이는 관리자의 개입을 최소화하는 학습방법이면서 동시에 False Positive와 False Negative 의 오류를 매우 효율적으로 개선하는 방법으로 기대된다. 본 논문의 제안방법은 분석도구나 시스템에 의존하지 않기 때문에, 유사한 문제를 안고 있는 여러 분야의 네트웍 환경에 적용될 수 있다.더욱 높은성능을 가짐을 알 수 있다.의 각 노드의 전력이 위험할 때 에러 패킷을 발생하는 기법을 추가하였다. NS-2 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 실험을 한 결과, 제안한 기법이 AOMDV에 비해 경로 탐색 횟수가 최대 36.57% 까지 감소되었음을 알 수 있었다.의 작용보다 더 강력함을 시사하고 있다.TEX>로 최고값을 나타내었으며 그 후 감소하여 담금 10일에는 $1.61{\sim}2.34%$였다. 시험구간에는 KKR, SKR이 비교적 높은 값을 나타내었다. 무기질 함량은 발효기간이 경과할수록 증하였고 Ca는 $2.95{\sim}36.76$, Cu는 $0.01{\sim}0.14$, Fe는 $0.71{\sim}3.23$, K는 $110.89{\sim}517.33$, Mg는 $34.78{\sim}122.40$, Mn은 $0.56{\sim}5.98$, Na는 $0.19{\sim}14.36$, Zn은 $0.90{\sim}5.71ppm$을 나타내었으며, 시험구별로 보면 WNR, BNR구가 Na만 제외한 다른 무기성분 함량이 가장 높았다.O to reduce I/O cost by reusing data already present in the memory of other nodes. Finally, chunking and on-line compression mechanisms are included in both models. We demonstrate that we can obtain significantly high-performanc

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.12
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• pp.471-480
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• 2016

Recently, the damage of cyber attack toward infra-system, national defence and security system is gradually increasing. In this situation, military recognizes the importance of cyber warfare, and they establish a cyber system in preparation, regardless of the existence of threaten. Thus, the study of Intrusion Detection System(IDS) that plays an important role in network defence system is required. IDS is divided into misuse and anomaly detection methods. Recent studies attempt to combine those two methods to maximize advantagesand to minimize disadvantages both of misuse and anomaly. The combination is called Hybrid IDS. Previous studies would not be inappropriate for near real-time network environments because they have computational complexity problems. It leads to the need of the study considering the structure of IDS that have high detection rate and low computational cost. In this paper, we proposed a Hybrid IDS which combines C4.5 decision tree(misuse detection method) and Weighted K-means algorithm (anomaly detection method) hierarchically. It can detect malicious network packets effectively with low complexity by applying mutual information and genetic algorithm based efficient feature selection technique. Also we construct upgraded the the hierarchical structure of IDS reusing feature weights in anomaly detection section. It is validated that proposed Hybrid IDS ensures high detection accuracy (98.68%) and performance at experiment section.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.747-761
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• 2024

Recently, modern vehicles have been controlled by Electronic Control Units (ECUs), by which the safety and convenience of drivers are highly improved. It is known that a luxury vehicle has more than 100 ECUs to electronically control its function. However, the modern vehicles are getting targeted by cyber attacks because of this computer-based automotive system. To address the cyber attacks, automotive manufacturers have been developing some methods for securing their vehicles, such as automotive Intrusion Detection System (IDS). This development is only allowed to the automotive manufacturers because they have databases for their in-vehicle network (i.e., DBC Format File) which are highly confidential. This confidentiality poses a significant challenge to external researchers who attempt to conduct automotive security researches. To handle this restricted information, in this paper, we propose a method to partially understand the DBC Format File by analyzing in-vehicle network traffics. Our method is designed to analyze Controller Area Network (CAN) traffics so that checksum signals are identified in CAN Frame Data Field. Also, our method creates a Lookup Set by which a checksum signal is correctly estimated for a given message. We validate our method with the publicly accessible dataset as well as one from a real vehicle.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.155-188
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• 2017

On the one hand, the 4th Industrial Revolution provides a positive opportunity to build a new civilization paradigm for mankind. However, on the other hand, due to the 4th Industrial Revolution, artificial intelligence such as 'Goggle Alpha Go' revolutionized and even the human ability was replaced with a 'Silicon Chip' as the opportunity to communicate decreases, the existence of human beings is weakened. And there is a growing concern that the number of violent crimes, such as psychopath, which hunts humans as games, will increase. Moreover, recent international terrorism is being developed in a form similar to 'Psychopathic Violent-Crime' that indiscriminately attacks innocent people. So, the probability that terrorist organizations abuse the positive effects provided by the Fourth Industrial Revolution as means of terrorism is increasing. Therefore, the paradigm of aviation terrorism is expected to change in a way that attacks airport facilities and users rather than aircraft. Because airport facilities are crowded, and psychopathic terrorists are easily accessible. From this point of view, our counter terrorism system of aviation has many weak points in various aspects such as: (1) limitations of counter-terrorism center (2) inefficient on-site command and control system (3) separated organization for aviation security consultation (4) dispersed information collection function in government (5) vulnerable to cyber attack (6) lack of international cooperation network for aviation terrorism. Consequently, it is necessary to improve the domestic counter terrorism system of aviation so as to preemptively respond to the international terrorism. This study propose the following measures to improve the aviation security system by (1) create 'Aviation Special Judicial Police' (2) revise the anti-terrorism law and aviation security law (3) Strengthening the ability respond to terrorism in cyberspace (4) building an international cooperation network for aviation terrorism.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.31
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• pp.157-185
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• 2012

Today, the emergence of cyberspace and advancement of globalization caused not only the transformation of our productive and conventional life but also the revolutionary transition of use of destructive violence such as crime and warfare. This transition of environmental condition connects various security threats which separatedly existed in individual, local, national, and global levels in the past, and transformed the mechanical sum of all levels of security threats into the organic sum of multi-dimensional security threats. This article proposes that the sum of multi-dimensional security threats is caused by the interconnectivity of various different levels of security threats and the integrated interdisciplinary perspective is essential to properly understand the fundamental existence of today's security problem and the reality of fear that we face today. The holistic security, the concept proposed here, is to suggest the mode of networked response to multi-dimensional security threats. The holistic security is suggested to overcome the conventional divisional approach based on the principle of "division of labor" and bureaucratic principles, which means more concretely that national security and criminal justice are divided and intelligence, military, police, prosecution, fire-fighting, private security, and etc. are strictly separated into its own expertise and turf. Also, this article introduces integrated security approaches tried by international organization and major countries overseas with the respect of the holistic security. The author have spent some substantial experience of participant observation, meetings, seminar, conference, and expert interviews regarding the issues discussed in the article in various countries including the United States, Russia, Austria, Germany, Canada, Mexico, Israel, and Uzbekistan for the last ten years. Intelligence and information on various levels of security threats and security approaches introduced in this paper is obtained from such opportunities.