• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.503-514
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• 2020

In a sense that achievement emotion is directly associated with achievement activity of students and its result, drastic changes in educational environment such as expansion of e-learning due to COVID-19 may have a large impact on the achievement emotion of students inevitably. However, studies on the foregoing still remain insufficient, and development of a questionnaire capable of making a quantitative measurement on the achievement emotion of students under the environment of e-learning may become the basis of relevant studies, so this study developed the e-learning Achievement Emotions Questionnaire-Korean Middle school Science(e-AEQ-KMS) and verified its validity. e-AEQ-KMS in this study was developed based on the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire-Korean Middle school Science (AEQ-KMS) and by reflecting characteristics of e-learning science class. With 226 questions in total, the questionnaire is composed to measure 9 kinds of achievement emotion such as enjoyment, hope, pride, relief, anger, anxiety, hopelessness, shame, and boredom under 3 academic situations of class situation, learning situation and testing situation. The result of this study has a great significance in the way that it set out a framework for making a comparative analysis quantitatively on the achievement emotion of Korean middle school students in science for e-learning classes.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.19 no.1 s.21
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• pp.69-100
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• 2005

이 연구는 내신성적이 우수함에도 불구하고 수능성적이 저조한 학생들이 문제 해결과정에서 나타내는 특성과 수학불안 요인을 분석하는데 있다. 연구의 대상은 인천시 5고등학교 자연계열 2학년 학생 중 내신성적이 상위 10%안에 드나 수능성적(모의수능성적)은 그렇지 못한 학생 5명이고, 이들의 수학적 성향, 수학 성취도, 개인별 특성 등에 대한 사전 면담자료, 문제풀이과정에 대한 사후 심층면담자료, 현장노트, 수학불안검사를 바탕으로 그들의 특성과 수학불안 요인을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 내신성적은 좋으나 수능성적이 저조한 학생들의 수학 문제 해결 과정에서 나타나는 특성은 수학전 영역에서의 개념부족, 공식암기 부족 등으로 인하여 문제풀이계획을 세우지 못하거나 설사 문제를 푼다고 해도 계산 실수, 착각, 부주의 등으로 인해 정확한 답을 구하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. (2) 내신성적은 좋으나 수능성적이 저조한 학생들은 어느 정도의 수학 불안은 가지고 있었다. 불안의 요인은 개념부족, 응용력 부족 등 개인적 인지능력에 의한 저조한 수학 성취수준과 수학 공부시간 부족, 풀이시간 부족 등의 환경적 요인에 때문인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 특히 수학개념이 부족한 학생일수록 수학불안 현상이 심하게 나타났다. 따라서 이들 학생들의 수학 문제풀이 과정 중에 나타나는 계산 실수, 부주의, 착각은 그들의 수학 자신감에 많은 악영향을 미치게 되므로, 교사가 이를 그냥 방관할 것이 아니라 적극적으로 확인하고 지도해줄 필요가 있다. 또 교실 수업에서도 수능시험에서 다루고 있는 수학 내적, 외적 문제해결문제, 추론문제, 응용문제, 통합문제에 대한 문제풀이 경험을 하게하여 수학불안을 해소해줄 필요가 있다.)값을 보였으나, 10,000Hz의 높은 측정주파수에서는 더 큰 $E_a$값을 나타냄으로서 반응온도변화에 민감함을 보여주었다.원으로부터 부유물을 증가로 사료되었으며, 이에 대한 대책마련이 시급한 것으로 사료되었다. 수질이 휴양용수로서 사용하는 데에 적합하도록 충분한 차집시설과 환경 기초시설의 설치 운영이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.TEX>$K_s$값이 높고 $V_m/K_s$비율은 낮아 수게에서 질소가 저농도 일 때에는 다른 미세조류와 비교하면 경쟁력이 떨어지고 질소에 대한 기질 친화력은 약한 것으로 나타났다. 낙동강 하류지역에서 M. aeruginosa가 대발생하는 시기에 수중 영양염의 농도 변동은 M. aeruginosa의 영양생리 kinetics 특성과 잘 부합하는 것으로 나타났다.부분을 보완하기 위한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다. 연마방법 간에 상호 연관성이 없었다. FE-SEM관찰에서 레진전색제를 적용한 후의 표면은 모든 군에서 대체적으로 평활한 표면을 나타내었다. 4. 동일한 복합레진과 연마방법으로 처리된 군에서 레진전색제 적용 전과 후의 표면조도 값은 M1B군이 M1군보다, S1B군이 S1군보다 통계학적으로 높게 나타났으며, M4B군과 M5B군은 각각 M4군과 M5군 보다. 그리고 S5B군은 S5군 보다 통계학적으로 낮게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 본 연구를 종합하여 보면, 복합레진의 종류에 따라 표면조도의 순서는 다르게 나타났고, polyester strip 하에서 복합레진이 중합된 경우 가장 낮은 표면조도 값과 평활한 표면을 제공하였으며 전반적으로 anishing bur는 가장 높은 Ra값과 거친 표면을 제공하였다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.319-328
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the resistance mechanism by three different kinds of procymidone-resistant and susceptible isolates of Botrytis cinerea which had been collected from green houses. The average resistance level of the resistant strains was 1,000 times higher than that of susceptible ones. Also, it was revealed that the resistance was not originated from components excreted by Botrytis cinerea, based on the result obtained from the treatment with piperonyl butoxide and triphenyl phosphate as an inhibitor of monooxygenase and esterase, respectively. The total lipod content of resistant strains was 1.3 times higher than that of susceptible ones, among fatty acids, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and linoleic and being 3.0, 2.5, and 2.0 times higher, respectinely. Also slight differences in sterol contents and components were observed. The crude chitin content was slightly higher in susceptible strains but contents of N-acetyl glucosamine, a hydrolysate of chitin, were about 2 times higher in resistant ones.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.35-54
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine how Korean music therapy students experience growth under clinical supervision. The investigator conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 9 students from 3 different universities in Seoul who had at least three semesters of clinical supervision. Data was analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach to construct the growth experience of music therapy supervisees. Results suggest that growth can be understood in terms of both personal and professional domains and includes four types of experiences: growth hindering, fostering, mediating, and revealing. In the personal domain, hindering factors are defensiveness, narcissistic trauma, avoidance and anxiety whereas growth fostering and mediating factors include reflection on self, musical self, unconscious drives and conflicting issues as well as self-driven problem solving skills. As a result, growth in the personal domain is associated with increased self-acceptance and self-awareness. Growth in the professional domain is hindered by having trust issues, performance anxiety, identity crisis, and being hypersensitive to the judgment of others. On the other hand, growth is fostered and mediated by opening the self and interacting more with others, building trusting relationships with peers and supervisors, and establishing a new relationship with music, which leads to improved attitude, increased motivation, and more efficient and effective training.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.113-149
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• 2017

This study aims to identify the micro-level, social psychological foundation of regionalism and analyze its change and continuity by comparing 1988, 2003, and 2016 survey results. Drawing on the theory of prejudice and social identity, it clarifies the concept of regionalism and examines its affective, behavioral, cognitive implications. In the empirical analysis, where it takes advantage of relevant questions of the same or similar wording in three nationally representative surveys, the study identifies the changes in regionalism at the individual level focusing on anti-Honam prejudice and discrimination and attribution of regional conflict. First, anti-Honam prejudice has been in decline nationally as well as regardless of where one has grown up, except for Daegu/Kyungpook area. Second, anti-Honam prejudice has been weakened among younger generations while regional party identification now affects the sentiment in the direction of regional cleavage overlapped with ideological leanings. Third, while most respondents do not experience explicit discrimination, Honam natives are still more likely to experience discrimination, especially identity and self-esteem related, due to his or her home town. Fourth, Honam natives have been more likely to attribute regional conflict to an external, structural factor like government economic policy and less likely to a subjective one like regional sentiment, which seems to be consistent with attributional attitudes of the victims of prejudice. The study ends with the discussion of how to reduce further anti-Honam prejudice, which includes contact hypothesis, recategorization, cross-categorization, and de-categorization.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.305-322
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• 2022

In this study, a practice-based teacher education program was developed and applied to improve the TPACK of pre-service chemistry teachers. Also the program effect and obstacles were confirmed by measuring the development of TPACK. The participants of this study were 20 pre-service chemistry teachers of 3rd grade and 2 pre-service chemistry teachers of 4th grade who took chemistry education courses at K University located in Chungcheongbuk Province. The developed teacher education program consisted of four stages: preparation, rehearsal, practice, and reflection. The feedbacks from researchers and colleagues pre-service teachers were provided in preparation, rehearsal, and reflection stages. As a result of the study, the program of this study did not show an educational effect in the "constructive learning activities" of preservice teachers, but it was found to have an educational effect in "problem solving". In other words, in "constructive learning activity", most pre-service teachers were at 0 level before and after the program. The pre-service teachers designed the class to unilaterally provide technology to simply use it as a tool to explain subject content or revise misconceptions, and learners can passively acquire knowledge. However, in the case of "problem solving", the pre-service teachers who were at level 0 before the educational program changed to level 1. Before the program, the pre-service teachers designed classes to solve problems by memory without using technology, but after the program they planned classes that provides opportunities to approach and solve various problems through the technology presented by the teacher. However, there were not many pre-service teachers corresponding to level 2, which constitutes voluntary learning in which learners use technology to solve various problems while selecting and variously manipulating technology. In addition, as obstacles to the TPACK development of pre-service chemistry teachers, there were external factors such as lack of classroom support environment for TPACK implementation, lack of time for education planning, and inadequate technology competency. And there were internal factors such as perspectives of traditional education and negative attitude toward technology. In particular, the proportion of pre-service teachers who preceived inappropriate technical competency as an external obstacles of TPACK development was high. Therefore, it was necessary to develop an education program corresponding to type 2 or type 3 that enables TPACK development through TK for pre-service teachers.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2001

본 논문은 척담(滌痰) 축어(逐瘀) 고본(固本)의 방법으로 천식을 완화시킨 치험에 관한 내용이다. 천식의 병인병기는 폐(肺) 비(脾) 신(腎) 삼장(三臟)의 본허(本虛)로 인한 알레르기성 체질이 내적인 근본요인으로 간주된다. 담어복폐(談瘀伏肺)는 천식의 병리적인 결과로서 증상유발의 요인이기도 하다. 즉 담어(痰瘀)는 천식의 병리적인 부산물이며, 동시에 천식을 일으키는 치병요인이 된다. 담어(痰瘀)가 내복(內伏)하여 철저히 제거되지 않으면 천식은 결코 완치될 수 없다. 이와 같은 한의학적인 관점은 현대의학에서 천식을 기도의 만성 염증에 의하여 유발된 증상으로 파악하고 있는 기전과 일맥상통하다. 또한 담(痰) 어(瘀) 허(虛)는 천식의 병리변화 과정에서 전반적으로 영향을 미치고 있다는 인식이 지배적이며, 이는 천식치료를 위한 처방구성에 이론적 근거를 제시하고 있다. 치료: 천식은 발작기와 완화기로 분류하여 치료하며, 발작기는 냉효(冷哮)와 열효(熱哮)로 구분된다. 냉효(冷哮)의 경우 치료원칙은 온폐산한(溫肺散寒), 척담평천(滌痰平喘), 화어행체(化瘀行滯)를 기본으로 한다. 처방은 구마황(灸麻黃) 행인(杏仁) 황금(黃芩) 세신(細辛) 계지(桂枝) 오미자(五味子) 당귀(當歸) 울김(鬱金) 목단피(牧丹皮) 지룡(地龍) 정력자(?歷子) 담남성(膽南星) 황기(黃?) 감초(甘草) 등을 기본적으로 사용한다. 열효(熱哮)의 경우 치료원칙은 청열사폐(淸熱瀉肺) 척담평천(滌痰平喘), 화어행체(化瘀行滯)를 근본으로 삼고, 처방으로는 구마황(灸麻黃) 행인(杏仁) 황금(黃芩) 목단피(牧丹皮) 적작약(赤芍藥) 당귀(當歸) 정력자(?歷子) 담남성(膽南星) 지룡(地龍) 어성초(魚腥草) 포공영(蒲公英) 황기(黃?) 감초(甘草) 등을 기본적으로 사용한다. 완화단계도 역시 두가지 유형으로 나누어지는데, 폐신음허형(肺腎陰虛型)은 익기양음(益氣養陰) 척담행어(滌痰行瘀)를 치료원칙으로 하고, 처방에는 남북사삼(南北沙蔘) 구자울(灸紫?) 및 관동화(款冬花) 당귀(當歸) 목단피(牧丹皮) 울김(鬱金) 정력자(?歷子) 세신(細辛) 오미자(五味子) 구기자(枸杞子) 산수황육(山茱黃肉) 황기(黃?) 감초(甘草) 등을 기본적으로 사용한다. 비신양허형(脾腎陽虛型)은 온보비신(溫補脾腎) 화어척담(化瘀滌痰)을 원칙으로 하며, 처방에는 구마황( 灸麻黃) 세신(細辛) 오미자(五味子) 당귀(當歸) 단삼(丹蔘) 울김(鬱金) 정력자(?歷子) 반하(半夏) 보골지(補骨脂) 선령비(仙靈脾) 태자삼(太子蔘) 황기(黃?) 감초(甘草) 등을 기본적으로 사용한다. 치험(治驗): (1) 천식의 실증(實證)은 치료를 한 뒤 완화단계에 접어들면서 허증(虛證)으로 전화되는데, 허천(虛喘)도 역시 천식이니 만큼 단순히 보법(補法)만 사용하여서는 안된다. 시종일관 천식치료에는 척담화어(滌痰化瘀)의 원칙을 지켜야 한다. 폐내(肺內)의 담어(痰瘀)가 철저하게 제거되어야 폐(肺)의 순환기능을 개선시켜 기도(氣道)의 염증을 신속히 흡수하고 치유할 수 있다. 이와 같은 치료과정은 약 3-6개월이 필요하다. 완화단계의 기간이 길어질수록 완치될 확률도 높아진다. (2) 급성기 천식은 폐(肺)를 다스려야 한다. 폐(肺)를 다스리는 방법에는 선폐(宣肺), 청폐(淸肺), 온폐(溫肺), 윤폐(潤肺) 및 척담거어(滌痰祛瘀) 등이 있다. (3) 증상이 완화되면 신(腎)을 다스린다. 천식은 신허(腎虛)가 근본적인 원인이므로 완화단계에서 심지어 발작기에도 보신제(補腎劑)를 추가하여 사용하면 배의 효과를 얻을 수 있다. (4) 비(脾)의 기능을 강화하여 근본을 채우는 부비배본(扶脾培本)도 중요하다. 후천의 수곡정미(水穀精微)로 선천을 충족시키고 자양하는 것은 질병에 대한 저항력을 키우고 재발을 경감시키거나 방지하는 효과를 기대할 수 있으므로 역시 천식치료의 중요한 방법 중 하나이다.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.309-328
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop a perceived elderly stigma scale for intergenerational research and practice. Although negative stereotypes on elderly population have worsened physical and psychological health of older people, there has been a lack of systematic efforts to measure and monitor stigmatic perception and behavior of younger generation on elderly people. We initially constructed a 34-item perceived elderly stigma scale, by integrating the processes of literature review and exploratory item generation. After confirming the face validity of the scale, a 31-item perceived elderly stigma scale was tested with 252 adults recruited from an online research panel. The result of an exploratory factor analysis suggests a 5-factor solution with 28 items: ability, personality, appearance, authoritarian dependancy, and family-obsession. The convergent/discriminant validity was confirmed by examining its relationships with ageism, elderly discrimination, attitude toward elderly, and respect for elderly. After a series of refinement and empirical tests, the perceived elderly stigma scale would contribute to understanding the current state of elderly discrimination in our society and to develop necessary policies and promotion strategies to eliminate intergenerational conflicts.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.490-504
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• 2021

The online market is gradually increasing due to the increase in single-person households, the development of information and communication technologies, the emergence of various new products, and price comparison competition. Companies need differentiation strategies to adapt to changes in the online environment and secure a competitive edge. In this environment, the objective is to consider the importance of consumer perception of websites in order to generate continuous growth and revenue in the online market as well as to differentiate them from competitors using an online service environment that can affect consumers' internal responses. In this study, we present aesthetic, functional, privacy, and interaction factors as components of e-servicescape to study the impact of e-servicescape on website trust, brand attitude, and repurchase intention. In the data analysis, 485 ordinary people with online shopping experience were surveyed. The questionnaire was based on a 7-point Likert scale for each question and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 25.0. The analysis shows that in e-servicescapes aesthetic and privacy factors influence website trust and brand attitudes and consequently affect repurchase intention.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.77-86
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• 2007

These days, universities are establishing new image; UI(University Identity) for them because of rapid change of education environment in 21st century, The objective of UI is expressing university's image externally and unifying members internally. In the process of establishing university's image, Symbol mark plays a key role in differentiating other universities because of its visual effect as well as enhancing self-confidence. In this study, I suggest that symbol mark is an important brand asset in point of differentiation and identification and analyze 36 domestic universities' symbol mark designs. In the way of this analysis, I classified these symbol marks in the aspect of shapes and colors and studied current design along with character of each symbol marks by examining usage of emblem. Therefore this paper will be used as a basic reference to understand domestic universities' symbol mark trend and to establishing differentiating strategy in the future.