• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.477-485
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• 2018

To control manage environmental load during construction work, it is required to ascertain an accurate quantity for materials those are using during the construction. In construction industrial nowadays, especially on design part, there are lots of mistakes occurred on quantity take-off between plan documents and actual work. That mistakes are caused by omission of design items, overcount because of interference each materials or simple calculate error. Besides, in case of a construction project, engineers are impossible to design perfectly due to a lot of invalid variable in a construction site. Thus, design errors and changes occur frequently in the process of construction work or design due to such unclear elements. And in case of LCA assessment based on 2D design, there is difficult for an engineer who is in charge to calculate the volume of materials manually using drawings and relevant specifications. This study is aimed for examining and verifying a high reliable method of evaluating environmental load which is useful in construction process through comparing LCA analysis. In addition, this study provides the method of calculating the volume of materials and LCA assessment in working on the basis of 2D design, using the specifications which is used for LCA evaluation, and possibility of utilizing the LCA assessment by introducing BIM design technic to improve the former problem through comparing and analyzing the previous method with 3D-based evaluation process.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2016

Many cases have mentioned the effect by applying BIM on the media such as at conferences, workshops, reports, ect. These cases reported that costs could be saved directly by prevention the need to re-do and reconstruct caused by using BIM. BIM users mentioned that using BIM has potential value in saving costs. The benefits of the BIM include intangible value that cannot be estimated in costs, such as reducing work time and improving productivity. However, the financial value of using BIM, such as Return on Investment, has not yet been exposed, and BIM users have a negative view of the financial value of BIM in Korea. Therefore, this study has researched the effects of applying BIM on construction estimate services in view of business productivity, not finance. This study compared the traditional and BIM based estimation, and verified the effect of estimating BIM through work sampling. This study investigated a precondition for getting the effects of BIM based estimation. The results show a need for BIM education, 3D Modeling standards, and database on quantity in order to improve product ivity and reduce work time on BIM based estimation

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.124-134
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• 2018

Despite the many advantages of modular housing, low preference for modular housing for consumers who are familiar with RC structure leads to high construction cost of modular housing. The cost of modular buildings is about 130% of that of RC structures, so it is urgent to secure economical efficiency of modular buildings. Therefore, in this study, after calculating the savings amount of modular housing by type of construction work, economic analysis was conducted from a long - term perspective. In order to carry out the research, the authors compiled and analyzed the material cost, labor cost, and expenses incurred by each type of work by reclassifying the statement of the modular housing into the factory production and the site installation. After that, Pareto diagrams were created to find a core work that is included in the cost ratio of about 80%, and selected it as a cost reduction subject. Based on the assumption that the market size of domestic modular housing is similar to the level of modular advanced countries such as Japan and European countries, six cost reduction methods were set up that reflects the characteristics of the modular construction method and used for the expert interviews. Cost saving potentials in percentage from the interview were converted to the amount of savings that can be achieved by each type of method when applying the method. Finally, the findings of the study are expected to suggest long-term directions for technical development for modular construction and cost savings.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.32
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• pp.177-217
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• 2012

The National Archives of Korea(NAK) has a mission to ingest large-scaled digital records and information from a number of different government agencies annually from 2015. There are important issues related to the digital records and information transfer between NAK and agencies, and one of them is how to configure deployment of digital repositories for the archives management systems. The purpose of this paper is to offer the way to design it by examining the checkpoints through the whole life cycle of digital records and information in the archives management systems and calculating the amount of ingested digital records and information to the systems in 2015 and deploying the digital repositories configured according to the amount the records and information. Firstly, this paper suggests that the archives management systems in NAK should be considered and examined into at least three different parts called Ingest tier, Preservation tier and Access tier in aspects to the characteristics of the flow and process of the digital records and information. Secondly, as a results of the calculation the amount of the digital records and information ingested to the archives management systems in 2015 is sum up to around 2.5 Tera bytes. This research draws several requirements related to the large-scaled data and bulk operations which should be satisfied by the database or database management system implemented on to the archives management systems. Thirdly, this paper configures digital repositories deployment according to the characteristics of the three tiers respectively. This research triggers discussion in depth and gives specific clues about how to design the digital repositories in the archives management systems for preparing the year of 2015.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.4 s.16
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• pp.69-79
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• 2003

About 93$\%$ of domestic teal estate construction firms registered as the end of 2001 recorded net profits of only less than 500 million won(including firms in the red) for the term. As a result of having analyzed the ratios of sales costs and the structural ratios of sales costs for the past 10 years, it was found that there have been great changes in structural ratios of sales costs. Material costs and labor costs have gradually decreased, but outsourcing costs of processing have greatly increased. In order to find activity points which are fundamental to cost control, the methods of new activity based cost management have been pursued. The characteristics of real estate construction industry lie in the fact that contract prices (sales in) are fixed and amounts of profits differ depending on the use of costs. In order to create maximum profits from fixed contract prices, the new activity based cost management has been proposed. The control of operation budgets and management costs is designed to control their schedules and expenses in different respects. Operation budgets ate executed with specific activities and management costs are controlled as a form of material costs, labor costs, out sourcing costs and expenses which are details of expenditure. In order to execute them by using the methods of new activity based cost management, first of all, we have to analyze what activity drivers ale and how much added values such activities can create. It is considered as a method of cost management which is necessary far the survival management of real estate construction industry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.423-426
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• 2002

The foundation for developing a cost estimation system based on historical data has been being prepared in Korea. Historical data is a priori of developing a cost estimation model. Cost Index, one of the historical data, is used to estimate construction cost and to adjust the amount of contract money in the foreign country, whereas it is not used in domestic except for the road construction project in Korea. Construction cost indices can be used by an estimator in tender analysis, pricing, price adjustment, cost planning, and forecasting. In this regards, this paper identified the problems in developing Cost Index evaluation process by comparing the standard of framing Cost Index used in British to the one used in Korea. Then, the scheme for improving a Cost Index required for Site Developing Construction was proposed. Twenty-two cases of engineering estimate data were used to compare the domestic standard to the foreign one in deriving a Cost Index.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.41-54
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• 2020

This study was conducted to provide basic data for a transparent and fair bidding system by identifying problems and suggesting improvement measures through an analysis of the bidding status for construction projects and service-related landscaping of multi-family housing. To this end, we used the data from the "Multi-Family Housing Management Information System (K-apt)" that provides the history of apartment maintenance, bidding information, and the electronic bidding system to examine the winning bid status and amount, along with the size and trends of the winning bids by year, and the results of the selection of operators by construction type. As a result, it was found that out of the total number of successful bids (36,831), 4.4% (16,631) were in the landscaping business, and the average winning bid value was found to be about 24 million won. According to the data, 73% of the landscaping cases were valued between 3 million won and 30 million won, and 58.6% of the cases were in the field of "pest prevention and maintenance". 36% of the total number of bids were awarded from February to April, with "general competitive bidding" accounting for 59.8% of the bidding methods. As for the method of selecting the winning bidder, 55% adopted the "lowest bid" and "electronic bidding method," and 45% adopted the "qualification screening system" and "direct bidding method." As an improvement to the problems derived from the bidding status data, the following are recommended: First, the exception clause to the current 'electronic bidding method' application regulations must be minimized to activate the electronic bidding method so that a fair bidding system can be operated. Second, landscaping management standards for green area environmental quality of multi-family housing must be prepared. Third, the provisions for preparing design books, such as detailed statements and drawings before the bidding announcement, and calculating the basic amount shall be prepared so that fair bidding can be made by specifying the details of the project concretely and objectively must be made. Fourth, for various bidding conditions in the 'business operator selection guidelines', detailed guidelines for each condition, not the selection, need to be prepared to maintain fairness and consistency. These measures are believed to beuseful in the fair selection of landscaping operators for multi-family housing projects and to prepare objective and reasonable standards for the maintenance of landscaping facilities and a green environment.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.95-103
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• 2008

Spatial information is essential for administrative affairs. So many Administrative Information System(AIS)s and Geographic Information System(GIS)s have been implemented at local government to support administrative affairs. AIS deals with document based information, and is not designed to use map information. Also, various information is not matched, because address systems for AIS and coordinate system for GIS are different. Therefore, existing AIS and GIS are not suitable for linking administrative affairs and spatial information. This paper deals with the enterprise architecture for local government to support the linkage of administrative affairs and spatial information. Enterprise architecture in this paper is composed of business architecture, data architecture, application architecture, and technical architecture. Each architecture is designed up to planner's and owner's level. Detail structures of each architecture follow the practical guidance for applying e-government enterprise architecture in Korea. Business and data architecture are applied to transportation administrative affairs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.290-295
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• 2004

Along with social changes, school buildings are getting complex and diversified unlike the past. However, objective data analysis on construction costs fall short. In particular, ordering agencies are in a great need of objective and practical construction cost management for on-budget construction and procurement of quality goods. This paper analyzes the design diagram for a newly built school with an order from the Daejeon Metropolitan Office of Education, and compares the analysis with those of other kinds of buildings. The results are: the total construction cost of one school unit is 8,017,596,000 won on average; the cost is in the order of building, machinery and equipment, electricity, communications and civil engineering; as to activity, RC construction takes account of $30.3\%$ of the total construction cost. 1'he cost of school construction per M2 is 838,000 won, which is 6th highest of 11 kinds of constructions and slightly lower than 950,000 won, the average price of comparative constructions. When it comes to the percentage, school building takes mote percentage of the total cost than comparative building while machinery and equipment, electricity and communications takes slightly less percentage. Through simple regression analysis of gross coverage, this paper suggests a model formula with which the total construction cost, construction cost in accordance with activity, how much main construction materials are to be used are predictable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.10c
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• pp.253-257
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• 2007

최근 웹 상에 정보가 폭발적으로 증가함에 따라, 사용자의 취향에 맞는 정보를 선별하여 제공하는 추천 시스템에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 추천시스템은 사용자의 관심정보를 기술한 사용자 프로파일을 기반으로 동작하기 때문에 정확한 사용자 프로파일의 생성은 매우 중요하다. 사용자의 암시적인 행동정보를 기반으로 취향을 분석하는 대표적인 연구로 사용자가 이용한 웹 문서를 분석하는 방법이 있다. 이는 사용자가 이용하는 웹 문서에 빈번하게 등장하는 단어를 기반으로 사용자의 프로파일을 생성하는 것이다. 그러나 최근 웹 문서는 사용자 취향과 관련 없는 많은 구성요소들(로고, 저작권정보 등)을 포함하고 있다. 따라서 이러한 내용들을 모두 포함하여 웹 문서를 분석한다면 생성되는 프로파일의 정확도는 낮아질 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 사용자 기기에서 사용자의 웹 문서 이용내역을 분석하고, 동일한 사이트로부터 얻어진 문서들에서 반복적으로 등장하는 블록을 제거한 후, 정보블럭을 식별하여 사용자의 관심단어를 추출하는 새로운 프로파일 생성방법을 제안한다. 이를 통해 보다 정확하고 빠른 프로파일 생성이 가능해진다. 본 논문에서는 제안방법의 평가를 위해, 최근 구매활동이 있었던 사용자들이 이용한 웹 문서 데이터를 수집하였으며, TF-IDF 방법과 제안방법을 이용하여 사용자 프로파일을 각각 추출하였다. 그리고 생성된 사용자 프로파일과 구매데이터와의 연관성을 비교하였으며, 보다 정확한 프로파일이 추출되는 결과와 프로파일 분석시간이 단축되는 결과를 통해 제안방법의 유효성을 입증하였다.)으로 높은 점수를 보였으며 내장첨가량에 따른 관능특성에서는 온쌀죽은 내장 $2{\sim}5%$ 첨가, 반쌀죽은 내장 $3{\sim}5%$ 첨가구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 점수를 보였으나 쌀가루죽은 내장 $1{\sim}2%$ 첨가구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 낮은 점수를 보였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해 온쌀은 2%, 반쌀은 3%, 쌀가루는 4%의 내장을 첨가하여 제조한 전복죽이 이화학적, 물성적 및 관능적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다.n)방법의 결과와 비교하였다.다. 유비스크립트에서는 모바일 코드의 개념을 통해서 앞서 언급한 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경에서의 문제점을 해결하고자 하였다. 모바일 코드에서는 프로그램 코드가 네트워크를 통해서 컴퓨터를 이동하면서 수행되는 개념인데, 이는 물리적으로 떨어져있으면서 네트워크로 연결되어 있는 다양한 컴퓨팅 장치가 서로 연동하기 위한 모델에 가장 적합하다. 이는 기본적으로 배포(deploy)라는 단계가 필요 없게 되고, 새로운 버전의 프로그램이 작성될지라도 런타임에 코드가 직접 이동하게 되므로 버전 관리의 문제도 해결된다. 게다가 원격 함수를 매번 호출하지 않고 한번 이동된 코드가 원격지에서 모두 수행을 하게 되므로 성능향상에도 도움이 된다. 장소 객체(Place Object)와 원격 스코프(Remote Scope)는 앞서 설명한 특징을 직접적으로 지원하는 언어 요소이다. 장소 객체는 모바일 코드가 이동해서 수행될 계산 환경(computational environment