• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.562-581
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• 2018

This study was designed to predict the changes in species richness of plants under the climate change in South Korea. The target species were selected based on the Plants Adaptable to Climate Change in the Korean Peninsula. Altogether, 89 species including 23 native plants, 30 northern plants, and 36 southern plants. We used the Species Distribution Model to predict the potential habitat of individual species under the climate change. We applied ten single-model algorithms and the pre-evaluation weighted ensemble method. And then, species richness was derived from the results of individual species. Two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) were used to simulate the species richness of plants in 2050 and 2070. The current species richness was predicted to be high in the national parks located in the Baekdudaegan mountain range in Gangwon Province and islands of the South Sea. The future species richness was predicted to be lower in the national park and the Baekdudaegan mountain range in Gangwon Province and to be higher for southern coastal regions. The average value of the current species richness showed that the national park area was higher than the whole area of South Korea. However, predicted species richness were not the difference between the national park area and the whole area of South Korea. The difference between current and future species richness of plants could be the disappearance of a large number of native and northern plants from South Korea. The additional reason could be the expansion of potential habitat of southern plants under climate change. However, if species dispersal to a suitable habitat was not achieved, the species richness will be reduced drastically. The results were different depending on whether species were dispersed or not. This study will be useful for the conservation planning, establishment of the protected area, restoration of biological species and strategies for adaptation of climate change.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.561-569
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• 2017

Fault plane solutions of the Iksan earthquake ($M_L=3.85$) and two aftershocks were obtained using the FOCMEC (FOCal MEChanism determination) program. The main event showed the characteristic of strike slip faulting with reverse component. It has the fault planes with NE-SW or NW-SE direction. This is similar to the fault characteristics of earthquake pattern in the inland area of the Korean Peninsula. In order to detect micro-earthquake events, continuous seismic waveform data of the thirteen seismic stations within a radius of 100km from epicenter were analyzed by PQLII program (PASSCAL, 2017) for the period from December 15, 2015 to January 22, 2016. The epicenters of nineteen micro-events were newly determined by Hypoinverse-2000 program. They are not concentrated along some lineaments or fault lines. The intensity of the Iksan earthquake was obtained by estimating the telephone inquiries, the degree of ground shaking or damage all around the southern peninsula. The instrumental intensity was also obtained using PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration) records. As a result, the maximum MM intensity was estimated to be V near the epicenter.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2014

Human has noticed a beautiful natural scenery and appreciated it as a scenic site by giving meaning to it and evaluating it. How the beautiful natural scenery was appreciated as a scenic site depends on natural features, social and cultural environments, and the current of the times. Mt. Jiri is the highest mountain in inland South Korea and keeps ancestors' history and culture intact. Joseon Dynasty literary men frequently mentioned Mt. Jiri as a tourist attraction where they could pursue and share their studies against its beautiful natural scenery. The countless literary men visited Mt. Jiri and some of them left their journeys as travelling records. This research aimed at apprehending travel routes of Chunwang Peak of Mt. Jiri based on the contents of travelling records and investigating the scenic site value of scenic resources as the literary men in Joseon Dynasty recognized. The scenic resources of Mt. Jiri were related to the change of the reason or motivation of person who climbed and it should be noted that there was a change of reason or motivation in climbing Mt. Jiri from a following of master's paths to discovery of a new trails. Thus, even if there was a difference in reason or purpose of natural scenic beauty, the concept of scenic sites of the past and the present day should be included into the extended meaning of scenic sites. This research aimed the routes of well-known literary men need to be developed as programs utilizing "the concept of ancient sages' footprints" and the development of these contents shall be used for vitalization and self-support of a regional economy.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.171-177
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and habitat feature of Glehnia littoralis as a part of establishment of conservation plan for important natural agro-plant resources in South Korea. Habitat of Glehnia littoralis was generally found 28.2 m from high tide water line and 2.7 m above sea level at sand dunes near three seashore areas. Density and coverage of Glehnia littoralis were higher in east seashore among three seashore areas. The number of plant species growing with Glehnia littoralis in natural habitat was found 35 species. Among 35 species Ixeris repens Carex pumila, Carex kobomugi, Elymus mollis, Ischaemum anthephoroides, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii were shown higher density and coverage. Average yearly precipitation and temperature of habitat for Glehnia littoralis were 1250.3 mm and $12.5^{\circ}C$, respectively. Among three seashores, the precipitation and temperature of south seashore were much more and higher than those of other two seashores. Soil characteristics of habitat for Glehnia littoralis were that average pH was 7.9 and organic matter was 0.23%. Content $P_2O_5$ and Ca were relatively higher, but the level K and Na were very low.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.831-835
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• 2007

금강은 우리나라 중부 내륙에서 서해로 흐르는 유로연장 401km, 유역면적이 전 국토면적의 약 10%에 해당하는 $9,886km^2$에 이르는 남한의 5대강 중 하나이다. 1981년, 이 강의 하구로부터 150km 상류지점인 대전시 동북쪽 16km, 청주시 남쪽 16km의 대전시와 충청북도가 만나는 지점에 대청다목적댐이 준공되었다. 대청다목적댐은 높이 72m, 길이 495m, 체적 123만$4,000m^3$의 콘크리트 중력식 댐과 석괴식 댐으로 구성된 복합형 댐으로서, 이 댐의 주요시설로는 저수용량 14억9,000만$m^3$의 본 댐과 조정지 댐이 있다. 그 후 1992년에는 대청 조정지 댐 하류 200m 지점에 현도 지방 산업단지 취수장(시설용량: $17,600m^3$/일)이 건설되었으며, 통상 하루 약 7,500톤의 물을 인근의 공단에 공급해오고 있다. 하지만 최근, 취수량이 급격히 감소됨에 따라, 인근 공단으로의 물 공급에 많은 어려움이 발생하고 있다. 이에 대한 대처 방안으로서 한국수자원공사는 취수장 관리자의 요구에 따라 조정지 댐 방류 수문 위치조정 및 방류량 조절 등의 조치를 취하고 있지만, 그 효과는 정량적으로 검토되어지지 않았다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 위에서 명기한 조치의 실효성을 파악 하고자, 수문의 위치변화에 따른 취수구 부근의 수리특성을 조사하였다. 구체적인 조사항목은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 하천용 유량측정장비 (StreamPro ADCP (Teledyne RD Instruments))를 이용한 방류구와 취수구 사이의 유량 조사 둘째, 다 항목 수질 및 3차원 유속 측정장비 (ADV6600 (Sontek / YSI, Inc.))를 이용한 취수구 앞에서의 유속, 유향 및 수위변동 조사 셋째, 수위계 (Orphimedes (OTT MESSTECHNIK GmbH & Co. KG)) 및 파고계 (Compact-WH (Alec Electronics Co., Ltd.))를 이용한 하천을 횡단하는 취수구 좌 우 지점에서의 수위변동 모니터링 그 결과 방류수문의 위치변화에 따른 취수구 인근의 수리학적 특성은 조정지 댐의 방류수문으로부터 약 100 - 150 m 하류의 횡단면에서는 유속분포의 차이가 발견 되었으나 하류로 흐름이 진행됨에 따라 그 차이는 감쇄되고 약 200m 떨어진 취수구 앞의 횡단면에서는 유속분포가 거의 동일함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.599-605
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• 2009

Changes of atmospheric pressures cause short- and long-term crustal deformations and thus become error sources in the site positions estimated from space geodesy equipments. In this study, we computed daily displacements due to the atmospheric pressure loading (ATML) at the 14 permanent GPS sites operated by National Geographic Information Institute. And the 10-year GPS data collected at those stations were processed to create a continuous time series of the height estimate. Then, we corrected for the ATML from the GPS height time series to see if the correction changes the site velocity and improves the precision of the time series. While the precision improved by about 4% on average, the velocity change was not significant at all. We also investigated the overall characteristics of the ATML in the southern Korean peninsula by computing the ATML effects at the inland grid points with a $0.5^{\circ}{\times}0.5^{\circ}$ spatial resolution. We found that ATML displacements show annual signals and those signals can be fitted with sinusoidal functions. The amplitudes were in the range of 3-4 mm, and they were higher at higher latitudes and lower at the costal area.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.384-400
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• 2013

In this study, spatio-temporal patterns of extreme precipitation events caused by typhoons are examined based on observational daily precipitation data at approximately 340 weather stations of Korea Meterological Administration's ASOS (Automated Synoptic Observation System) and AWS (Automatic Weather System) networks for the recent 10 year period (2002~2011). Generally, extreme precipitation events by typhoons exceeding 80mm of daily precipitation commonly appear in Jeju Island, Gyeongsangnam-do, and the eastern coastal regions of the Korean Peninsula. However, the frequency, intensity and spatial extent of typhoon-driven extreme precipitation events can be modified depending on the topography of major mountain ridges as well as the pathway of and proximity to typhoons accompanying the anti-clockwise circulation of low-level moisture with hundreds of kilometers of radius. Yellow Sea-passing type of typhoons in July cause more frequent extreme precipitation events in the northern region of Gyeonggi-do, while East Sea-passing type or southern-region-landfall type of typhoons in August-early September do in the interior regions of Gyeongsangnam-do. These results suggest that when local governments develop optimal mitigation strategies against potential damages by typhoons, the pathway of and proximity to typhoons are key factors.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.336-341
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate geographic variation in needle characteristics of Pinus densiflora, one of the most economically important tree species in Korea. Needles were collected from 35 natural populations and their morphological and anatomical characteristics were studied. ANOVA showed statistically significant differences among populations as well as among individuals within populations in needle length, needle width, number of stomata row, density of stomata in $0.25mm^{2}$, number of serrations in 0.5mm, and number of resin ducts. In all these traits, variance components among individuals within populations were larger than those among populations. The density of stomata in $0.25mm^{2}$ increased as the latitudes and elevations of the populations increased, while the number of serrations in 0.5mm decreased as the decrease of latitudes and elevations. The number of resin ducts was higher in inland populations than in coastal populations. The resin duct index appeared to be higher in western populations than in eastern populations. Cluster analysis based on morphological characteristics divided populations into three groups. The third group was composed of populations selected from the Taebaek mountains. The number of serrations in 0.5mm of this group was lower than that of other two groups, while the density of stomata in $0.25mm^{2}$ was higher.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2012

KMA(Korea Meteorological Administration) projected that annual mean temperatures of South Korea will rise $3.8^{\circ}C$ and the annual total precipitation will increase by 17 percent by 2100. Rainfall is concentrated during the summer in South Korea. Thus the risk of landslide by heavy rain is expected to increase. After the landslide of Mt. Umyeon occurred in July 2011, disaster of forest sector is highlighted. Therefore vulnerability assessment of landslide is urgent. However, vulnerability assessment based on local governments was not done yet. In this study, we assess vulnerability of landslide by heavy rain for local governments. We used several scenarios to consider uncertainty of climate change. Through this study, local governments can use the results to establish adaptation plans. Also, the results could be used to decrease vulnerability of landslide.