• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.43-47
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is evaluate for effect quality eye care to the aged population of rural community. This study investigated one of important factors in dispensing distance pupillary distance. measured reading pupillary distance, calculated reading pupillary distance into age group and sex. I measured pupillary distance and near inter pupillary distance with corneal reflection pupillometer(shin Nippon PD-82) The objects are male and female living rural community at least 60 years old. The mean pupillary distance for distance of male and female were 63.52 mm, 61.24 mm, respectively. The mean measured reading pupillary distance of male and female were 60.12 mm, 58.08 mm, respectively. Gradient and difference between male and female were same with mean pupillary distance for distance. The result of comparison the mean difference of the mean measured reading pupillary distance and the calculated reading pupillary distance into the age group and sex. This result of changes of addition, as the age is older, the mean addition is greater than youth. I'd like to compare changes of these factors influenced by environmental factors, however I couldn't see about these. So I couldn't considered their relationship and some possible problems of wearing commercial reading glass.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.29
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• pp.319-331
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• 2017

South Korea has entered the age of aging society since the elderly population over 65 reached 13.1% in 2015. This increase rate is the fastest in the OECD members. as a part of the precaution, the Korean government has enforced the long term care insurance from July 2008 and the increase of related nursing homes until 2015 was 220.2% which is rapid and quantitative. It was natural that quantitative expansion leads to qualitative improvement. With regard to service environment conditions, color environment draws attention as one of the most effective measures. color environment supports nursing home's spatial functions and the aged class is subject to the research as the potential customers. This study aims to understand color environment, conduct surveys for color preference and attitude toward color environment, and suggest directions for color environment plan. The ultimate goal is to improve the quality of Korean nursing home environment. It studied definition, state, color environment and space functions of nursing homes as well as the preceding researches. With 100 people over 60s in Busan and Gyeongnam area (52 male and 48 female), the survey examined attitudes for color environment and color preference by space functions in nursing home. The research method is as follows. First, as a result of the consciousness survey on color environment in elderly nursing home, it considers service (37%), medical service (20%), and location (19%) heavily in order. color environment plan is not recognized significantly. However, the need of indoor color plan in the elderly nursing homes has "agree (32%) and "strongly agree (25%), which suggests that color introduction is required to the nursing homes. Second, the indoor coloration for the elderly nursing homes has various color preferences. The color preference order for bedroom was R, P, and G but this order changes in nursing space (program room) to G, R, and Y. The communal space such as lobby prefers R, G and Y in order. R color was preferred in general.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4279-4289
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• 2014

This study examined the health status and relative factors of 468 people of the latter stage of more than 75-year-old in 2011 the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. The subjective health status were influenced significantly by sex(OR=0.456, 95%CI=0.257-0.805), occupation(OR=1.437, 95%CI=0.963-2.149), spouse(OR=0.673, 95%CI=0.443 -1.022), degree of stress(OR=0.476, 95% CI=0.309-0.730), depression(OR=0.410, 95% CI=0.238-0.704), subjective oral status(OR=1.874, 95% CI=1.332-2.643), smoking(OR=0.738, 95% CI= 0.523-1.039), drinking(OR=1.251, 95% CI=1.017-1.540), and waking practice(OR=1.698, 95% CI=1.188 -2.431). The results suggest that health education of active participations and publicity policies should be established and help improve the subjective health status in the latter stage of a 75-year-old.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.475-486
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• 2009

Regular activity program is needed for managing chronic disease and obesity and preventing falls as a nursing intervention. It seems that serious game will be very important for older people to keep them active with fun to improve their health. This study was conducted to explore the correlations between health problems and computer game needs in the elderly. This was a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was developed and administered to a convenience sample of adults who are older than 55 years, recruited from several places through trained research assistants and research center that has online pools in Korea. 778 subjects (mean age: $61.4\;{\pm}\;5.6$) were participated in this study. The majority of subjects was male (68.6%). We found that there was higher needs for exercise or serious game in the group of ma1e(55.4%), below undergraduate(66.2%), under two family members(32.5%), over 350,000 won of pocket money/month (40.1%), mild depressive symptom (51.7%), and online responser(68%). Especially, they wanted to overcome physical limitations through games. Higher education, more experiences and skills of using computer/internet was statistically and positively significant to the needs for exercise or serious game. In conclusion, there exists a potential market within this demographic group for the use of serious games. Thus, we need to develop senior games in Korean to improve quality of life and health promotion.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 2000

The questionnaire survey using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale(CES-D) was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression and related factors in the rural elderly. The subjects were 922 individuals of 60 years of age and over, living in Chonnam province. The results of this study were as follows. The prevalence rates of depression were 14.6% in male and 24.4%, in female. As the age increased, the prevalence rate increased and the rate was higher in non-educational and widowhood group. The prevalence rate was lower in the group of having good health habits and having a good health status. In the regression analysis, significant predictors of the depression were sex, education, physical activity, perceived health status and body image. In conclusion, main, characteristics which had close relationship to depression in the rural elderly were physical function and self-rated health status.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.275-287
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• 1994

For the purpose of promotion mental health in the elderly lived small city, a personal interview was conducted for 150 elderlies aged 65 years or more in the Kyungpook Andong city between 29th of August and 9th of September, 1994. The major findings were as follows; 1. The variables related depression were chronic disease, level of physical ability, smoking habits(pack/day) and school education. 2. The variables related cognitive impairment were level of physical ability, age, sex and chronic disease. It was revealed by this study, the female elderlies who had beend not educated and had chronic disease were higher depression or cognitive impairment. so the prospective research with these variables is need.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1721-1731
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• 2011

This study was performed to determine the levels of depression symptoms among community elderlies and to reveal its related factors, specifically aimed at revealing social and family supports. The interviews were performed, during the period from July 1, to August 31, 2010, to 412 elderlies in urban areas. As a results, significantly higher level of depression symptoms was laid on those with lower social supports and family supports(p=0.000), and the subjects' depression was a negative correlation with social and family support. On multiple regression analysis, the level of depression symptoms was influenced by the variables of social and family support, with or without disability of visual acuity, sense of satisfaction in daily life, number of friends, educational level, with or without spouse, activity of hobbies and urinary incontinence. In conclusion, the level of depression symptoms was so complicatedly influenced by variable factors as well as socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, health status, social support net-work and social activities. Especially, the level of depression symptoms was more influenced by social supports and family supports.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.769-781
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• 2007

Factor analysis has been usually employed in reducing quantity of data and summarizing information on a system or phenomenon. In this analysis methodology, variables are grouped into several factors by consideration of statistic characteristics, and the results are used for dropping variables which have lower weight than others. In this study, factor analysis was applied for extracting primary factors influencing multi-dam system operation in the Han River basin, where there are two multi-purpose dams such as Soyanggang Dam and Chungju Dam, and water has been supplied by integrating two dams in water use season. In order to fulfill factor analysis, first the variables related to two dams operation were gathered and divided into five groups (Soyanggang Dam: inflow, hydropower product, storage management, storage, and operation results of the past; Chungju Dam: inflow, hydropower product, water demand, storage, and operation results of the past). And then, considering statistic properties, in the gathered variables, some variables were chosen and grouped into five factors; hydrological condition, dam operation of the past, dam operation at normal season, water demand, and downstream dam operation. In order to check the appropriateness and applicability of factors, a multiple regression equation was newly constructed using factors as description variables, and those factors were compared with terms of objective function used in operation water resources optimally in a river basin. Reviewing the results through two check processes, it was revealed that the suggested approach provided satisfactory results. And, it was expected for extracted primary factors to be useful for making dam operation schedule considering the future situation and previous results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.852-861
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• 2009

This study was performed to assess the risk factors associated with hypertension from Jan/2003 to Feb/2003. The subjects were 1,296 people (496 males, 800 females) aged 40 years and over living in Andong rural area. The hypertensive group was composed of 602 people (272 males, 330 females), who were diagnosed as hypertension ($SBP{\geq}140\;mmHg$ or $DBP{\geq}90\;mmHg$) for the first time at this health examination. The mean anthropometric values of body weight, body fat (%), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were significantly higher in hypertensive group than those in normal group. However, the biochemical measurements such as total-cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels did not show any difference between two groups except TG in female. The risk factors of interest in the development of hypertension were analyzed using the multiple logistic regression and expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential interval (CI). The results showed that age, sex, obesity, waist circumference, alcohol drinking and meat intakes were risk factors for hypertension. In contrast, cigarette smoking, exercise and the increased fish, fruit and vegetable (except Kimchi) consumption, blood lipid levels and FBG were not linked with the development of hypertension. Nutrient intakes were not associated with hypertension, either. In conclusion, we cannot assert that this study established the existence of the cause-and-effect relationship between nutrient intakes and risk of hypertension in the subjects, but it does suggest that this is a question worth investigating further using a larger scale of case-control study to determine how the past exposure to some nutrient or dietary component relates to the development of the disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1982

A survey was carried out to determine the nutritional status of rural elderly. Determination was made on 50 persons, aged 60 years and over, in the rural area of Paltan-myeon, Hwaseong-kun, Kyeonggi province from June 1 to August 20, 1980. Grains provided 82$\sim$85% of total energy input most nutrient intake was from vegetable foods. Daily energy intake was not sufficient as 77.2$\sim$89.8% of RDA. The energy input percentage of carbohydrate: fat: protein was 79 : 10 : 11. showing higher dependance on carbohydrate. The protein intake only met 53.7$\sim$65.3% % of RDA. The contribution of animal proteins to total protein was only 12.2$\sim$12.4%, far below the recommended allowance. Both calcium and iron was insufficiently ingested as 40.6$\sim$55.7% and 72.0$\sim$92.0% of RDA, respectively. The intake of vitamin A and ascorbic acid almost reached RDA whereas the intake of thimin, riboflavin and niacin was not sufficient as 63.0$\sim$97.0%, 51.0$\sim$58.5% and 59.1$\sim$83.9% of RDA, respectively. 32% of the subjects were higher blood pressure than 160/95 mmHg proven to be hypertension. The correlation coefficients between clinical sign score, index of appetite, balance of meal and nutrient intake were significant. (P<0.05)