• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2008

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the change of ovarian reserve after removal of ovarian tumor using basal FSH, $E_2$, clomiphene citrate challenge test and ovarian volume. Methods: Twenty two patients with unilateral ovarian tumor, ${\leq}35$ years old, regular menstrual cycle were collected prospectively and divided into endometrioma or non-endometrioma group. We measured the ovarian volume with transvaginal ultrasonography on the day 3 of menstrual cycle within one month before and 3 months after surgery. Basal (cycle day 3) FSH, $E_2$ and CCCT were checked before surgery and repeated at least 2 spontaneous cycles later after surgery. Three patients that had been pregnant within 3 months after surgery were excluded in analysis. Results: The ovarian volume was reduced significantly after surgery in endometrioma and non-endometrioma ${\geq}10\;cm$ group ($4.79{\pm}2.57\;cm^3$ and $5.21{\pm}1.33\;cm^3$, respectively), but not in the non-endometrioma <10 cm group ($6.18{\pm}2.85\;cm^3$). After surgery, basal FSH and cycle day 10 FSH on CCCT in endometrioma and non-endometrioma were $4.25{\pm}0.20\;mIU/ml$ and $3.79{\pm}0.80\;mIU/ml$, $4.24{\pm}0.85\;mIU/ml$ and $4.28{\pm}0.92\;mIU/ml$, respectively. There were neither significant difference in comparison with the preoperative results nor between two groups. Conclusions: Enucleation of ovarian mass was associated with a significant reduction in ovarian volume in endometrioma and non-endometrioma larger than 10cm in diameter. Hormonal markers for evaluation of ovarian reserve, such as basal and cycle day 10 FSH on CCCT, were not changed significantly in each group. In reproductive age women, conservative enucleation or cystectomy rather than oophorectomy should be considered even in a large benign tumor and ovarian function could be reserved by meticulous operative technique.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.477-482
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare technique, surgical time, and complications of laparoscopic ovariectomy using $LigaSure^{TM}$ and bipolar vessel sealing system in cats. Laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed under general anesthesia on 10 healthy female cats admitted for elective ovariectomy. Surgery was performed through three midline portals. Each ovary was randomly-assigned to removal by use of either $LigaSure^{TM}$ or bipolar vessel sealing system. Duration of predetermined surgery intervals and complications were compared. Bipolar OVE ($2:16{\pm}1:14$ minutes) took significantly longer surgical time compared to the $LigaSure^{TM}$ OVE ($1:24{\pm}0:59$ minutes, P = 0.021). The ovarian pedicle fat and obesity did not influence surgery duration. Intraoperative hemorrhage occurred with bipolar OVE in three cats, but had no significant influence on surgical time. The results suggest that both $LigaSure^{TM}$ and bipolar devices appear to be effective, but $LigaSure^{TM}$ can be used as a stand-alone device that decreases surgical time and complication compared with bipolar vessel sealing system.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.427-435
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• 2017

To investigate whether genistein regulates menopause-induced obesity, it was studied the effects of genistein on anti-obesity effects in female ovariectomized (OVX) mice, an animal model of postmenopausal women. 7-week-old female mice (C57BL/6J) were randomly divided into three groups. All the animals received a high fat diet or a high fat diet supplemented with genistein for 8 weeks and variables and determinants of obesity were measured. The OVX mice had significantly higher body weight and adipose tissue mass than sham mice. However, genistein supplementation reduced body weight, adipose tissue mass, and adipocyte size of OVX mice. The OVX mice treated with genistein had significantly lower levels of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol than the vehicle-treated OVX mice. Lipid accumulation in liver was also markedly decreased by genistein in OVX mice. The results suggest that genistein can effectively prevent adiposity, adipocyte phertrophy, and llipid disorders caused by ovariectomy. Moreover, this study may contribute to the alleviation of metabolic syndrome, including obesity and hyerlipidemia in postmenopausal women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1114-1119
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SS) on the collagen content of the connective tissues in ovariectomized rats. From day 2 until day 37 after the ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with SS at 50 mg/kg BW/day (OVX-SS50), 100 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-SS100) and 200 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-SS200), and an ethyl ether fraction of SS at 10 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-EE) and an ethyl acetate fraction of SS at 10 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-EA). The SS ethanol extracts and SS fractions were orally administrated 1 mL per day. The OVX rats were significantly heavier than the sham-operated rats at all time points, but supplementation with the SS extracts tended to gain weight less than OVX-control. Supplementation with the SS extracts prevented a decrease in the collagen level in bone and cartilage tissues. These results are consistent with the conclusions based on the estrogenic activities of SS. Therefore, it may be used to possibly improve the quality of life in menopausal women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1769-1775
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• 2010

Menopause is often associated with the incidence of several chronic diseases including osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. The purpose of this study was designed to evaluate the possibility of osteoporosis prevention in postmenopausal women. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ecklonia stolonifera (ES) extracts on bone turnover markers in ovariectomized rats. For this study, the following four groups of 9-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated over 6 weeks: normal rats (SHAM), ovariectomized rats (OVX-CON) and ovariectomized rats that were treated with ES extracts. We measured the osteocalcin and C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links (CTx) content, enzyme ALP activity in serum and collagen content in the cartilage, bone, skin and lungs. We found that the levels of indicators of bone metabolism such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin and CTx were lower in rats in the ES extract group than the OVX-CON group. In addition, the collagen contents in the bone, cartilage, skin and lungs decreased in response to ovariectomy, but the levels of collagen were greater in the bone of rats that were treated with ES extract than in the bone of rats in the OVX-CON group. These results suggest that the ES may be an effective functional food to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.419-424
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• 2015

In order to determine the ovarian cycle of Asian Toad, Bufo gargarizans, the developmental stage based on the gonadosomatic index (GSI), size of follicle oocytes in ovary and vitellogenesis for adult females were investigated all around the year. The weight of ovary and GSI were the lowest from April, and all follicle oocytes exist in the pre-vitellogenic form, indicating that the vitellogenesis was suspended. The follicle oocytes in early-vitellogenic stage appeared in ovary during may when the weight of ovary and GSI start to increased, and the follicle oocytes in mid-vitellogenic and pre-vitellogenic stages existed during June and the weight of ovary and GSI also increased. This indicates that vitellogenesis has been carried out actively during this period. The follicle oocytes in mid-vitellogenic stage and late-vitellogenic stage when the vitellogenesis was also completed existed on September. Post-vitellogenic follicle oocytes after vitellogenesis started to appear from October and rapidly increased from December in hibernation. The full grown follicle oocytes existed during February, indicating the ovarian cycle that all follicle oocytes in ovary are developed separately, not synchronized, during the growing period of follicle oocytes and the post-vitellogenic follicle oocytes are maintained the ovulation period.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2014

In order to determine the ovarian cycle of Korean brown frog, Rana coreana, the developmental stage based on the gonadosomatic index (GSI), size of follicle oocytes in ovary and vitellogenesis for adult females were investigated all around the year. The weight of ovary and GSI were the lowest from March to May, and all follicle oocytes existed in the pre-vitellogenic form, indicating that the vitellogenesis was suspended. The follicle oocytes in early-vitellogenic stage appeared in ovary during June when the weight of ovary and GSI started to increase, and the follicle oocytes in mid-vitellogenic and pre-vitellogenic stages existed during August and the weight of ovary and GSI also increased. This indicates that vitellogenesis has been carried out actively during this period. The follicle oocytes in mid-vitellogenic stage and late-vitellogenic stage when the vitellogenesis was also completed existed between September and November. Post-vitellogenic follicle oocytes after vitellogenesis started to appear from December in hibernation, and the full grown follicle oocytes existed during February, indicating the ovarian cycle that all follicle oocytes in ovary are developed separately, not synchronized, during the growing period of follicle oocytes and the post-vitellogenic follicle oocytes are maintained the ovulation period.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2008

Objective: Significant portion of premature ovarian failure patients ovulate intermittently and even can achieve pregnancy. The clinical features and reproductive potentials of Korean women with premature ovarian failure have never been elucidated. The purpose of this study is to assess ovarian follicular growth and ovulatory potential. Methods: Complete medical records of fifteen women with idiopathic premature ovarian failure were reviewed retrospectively. Subjects with more than 6 ultrasonographic scans and 36 months of follow-up period were included. Once the ovarian follicle was found by ultrasonography, the follicular growth was serially monitored. The result of ovulation induction of 6 cycles in 4 patients were also evaluated. Rate of positive ovarian follicle by ultrasound, rate of natural follicular growth and response of ovulation induction were assessed. Results: Among the 15 patients, 6 women (40%) had ovarian follicle in random ultrasonography. But the chance of positive follicle per ultrasonography scan was 7% (8 out of 115 scans). One out of 6 women eventually ovulated during the follow-up scan. In remaining 5 subjects, size of follicles remained unchanged. None of 6 ovulation induction cycles resulted successful ovulation. Conclusion: Incidence of positive ovarian follicle in Korean premature ovarian failure patients is lower than that of Western counterpart. This result, however, could not be directly compared because of the differences of study design. The ovulation rate by medical ovulation induction in this group is 0%, which is worse than the reported success rate of Western studies.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.22-28
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• 2001

흰쥐의 난소 절제로 야기된 골손실에 미치는 골쇄보의 영향을 관찰하였다. 난소 절제 후 흰쥐의 체중은 증가하고 자궁의 무게는 감소하였는데, 골쇄보는 특별한 영향을 주지 않았다. 그러나, 난소 절제 후 흰쥐의 tibia에서 측정한 골밀도는 대조군에 비하여 22% 감소되었으나, 골쇄보와 17be1a-estradiol를 투여한 경우는 골밀도의 감소가 현저히 억제되었다. 난소를 절제한 실험군에 골쇄보와 17be1a-estradiol를 투여하고 전자 현미경으로 관찰한 결과, trabecular bone의 미세분자 표면이 보호되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과들을 볼 때, 골쇄보가 17be1a-estradiol 만큼 난소 절제술 후 진행되는 골손실을 예방하는데 효과적임을 강하게 나타내고 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.334-343
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• 1997

This study was performed to elucidate the effects of dietary calcium-salt, estrogen-treatment, and estrogen/calcium treatment on bone metabolism. Ovariectomized rats were used as an animal model. Female Sprague-Dawley rats with a body weight of $250{\sim}280g$ underwent ovariectomy or sham-operation. The ovariectomized rats were divided into 9 different experimental groups including saline-treated group, estrogen-treated group, high calcium salt-treated group, and estrogen/calcium treated groups, and fed the experimental diet for 6 weeks. The mineral content, weight, length, strength and density in femur and scapula of the animals were determined. The results of the experiment are as follows: there were no difference in weight of wet bone, density, length, strength and content of ash in right femur between ovariectomized rat and sham-operation. When the weight of bones was expressed as bone gram per body weight, it was significantly lower in ovariectomized rat than sham-operation. Estrogen and estrogen/calcium in ovariectomized rats resulted in increased weight of wet bone. Estrogen with its gradual reduction in ovariectomized rats showed the lowest values in strength, content of ash, content of calcium and content of phosphorus among the groups. There were no differences in weight of wet hone, density, content of ash, content of calcium and content of phosphorus in right scapula between ovariectomized rat and sham-operation. In addition skeletal composition was not changed by ovariectomy. Estrogen and estrogen/calcium in ovariectomized rats resulted in decreased skeletal composition however, estrogen with its gradual reduction did not caused the skeletal composition change. Moreover, the gradual reduction of estrogen had a preventive effect on bone loss when the treatment was combined with calcium intensification.