• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1084-1093
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• 2010

Large eddy simulation of turbulent premixed flame stabilized by the bluff body is performed by using sub-grid scale combustion model based on the G-equation describing the flame front propagation. The basic idea of LES modeling is to evaluate the filtered-front speed, which should be enhanced in the grid scale by the scale fluctuations. The dynamic subgrid scale models newly introduced into the G-equation are validated by the premixed combustion flow behind the triangle flame holder. The calculated results can predict the velocity and temperature of the combustion flow in good agreement with the experiment data.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1172-1177
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• 1999

Comparisons of measured turbulence properties in the unburned gas region of turbulent premixed flame stabilized by pilot flame, in cases of combusting and non-combusting flow conditions, are presented. Methane-air premixed jet at fuel equivalence ratio of 0.6 and 1.0 and Reynolds number of 7,000 was diagnosed using two-color laser velocimeter to obtain turbulence statistics. Same set of measurements was repeated at 21 locations within the unburned gas region of both combusting and non-combusting conditions. Velocity data were analyzed to evaluate the spatial distribution of turbulence properties including Reynolds stress, probability densities, joint probability densities and auto correlations. Contrary to assumptions of current theoretical models, significant influence of flame was observed in every property that was studied in the present investigation. The effective viscosity increased ten-fold when flame was on from cold flow values. The effect of mixing on joint probability as well as in turbulence intensity was suppressed by the flame. The measurements suggest that common assumptions of premixed flame model may result in sizable error in prediction of flame length and temperature distribution in near-field.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.415-418
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• 2011

It is critical to assess the characteristics of flame response to pressure perturbations for the understanding of nonlinear combustion instabilities. Previous studies can be grouped into flame response upon perturbed, fresh air and fuel mixture, and flame response directly perturbed from longitudinal waves. The present study presents experimental methodology for the understanding of the flame response exposed to transverse acoustic waves generated by loud speakers.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.115-154
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• 2005

SI 엔진의 연소특징은 비정상 난류 예혼합 화염이며 여기서 내부 유동은 직접 화염 전파에 영향을 미치며 난류와 거시적 유동의 패턴 모두 중요한 역할을 한다. 내연기관 연소에서 난류는 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 통상 엔진 속도($\approx$흡입유동 속도)에 비례하며 그 주요 역할은 고속 운전 시 해당 사이클 내에 연소가 완료되는 데 기여하지만 출력저하, 제어 및 측정 그리고 사이클 변동과 관련하여 실질적으로 난류 제어를 통한 엔진 성능 개선은 사실상 불가능하다. 실물 엔진의 성능 파라미터로 주로 유동의 거시적 거동이 사용되며 이 유동과 연료 분사계가 혼합기 분포 상태와 화염 전파 방향을 결정하여 최종적으로 엔진의 성능을 지배한다. 따라서 가시화를 통한 연소 진단도 이 현상에 주목할 필요가 있으며 거시적 파라미터를 성능에 연관하는 다양한 기법이 존재하고 이들은 매우 풍부한 데이터베이스를 통해 비교적 정확한 성능의 예측을 가능하게 하고 이 점에 주목한 엔진만 성공을 거두었다. 이 거시적 현상에 주목하여 가시화를 통해 성층화 현상을 실험적으로 해석한 예를 제시하였다. SI 엔진 가시화에서 기법보다 중요한 것은 현상의 이해이다. 이를 위해 성공적 가시화 진단을 위해서는 우선 현상에 대한 모델링이 필요하고 이 모델에서 가시화를 통해 규명 가능한 현상을 추출해 내는 것이다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.78-86
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• 1995

The structure of premixed turbulent flames in a constant-volume vessel was investigated using a microprobe method. The flame potential signal having one to eight peaks was detected in the case of turbulent flames, each of them being regarded as a flamelet existing in the flame zone. Based on this consideration, the flame propagation speed, the thickness of the flame zone, the number of flamelets and the separation distance between adjacent flamelets in the flame zone were measured. The experimental resuits of this work suggest the existence of "reactant islands" behind the flame front when the turbulence was intensified to some extent. The critical(lowest) ratio of turbulence intensity to the laminar burning velocity being found to be about 0.7 for the formation of reactant islands in this experiment.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.143-148
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• 2001

We measured emission indices for $NO_x$, CO, temperature and radical characteristics for partially premixied flames formed by suction & blow fans air condition. At sufficiently high levels of partial premixing a double flame structure consisting of a rich premixed inner flame and outer diffusion flame was established similar to that previously observed in premixed flames. $NO_x$, Temperature, CO values were experimented with approximately constant air flow rate and decreasing equivalence ratios. The reduction in $NO_x$ and temperature at suction condition as compared with that for blow condition was approximately 20%, but on the contrary, CO emission was increased. In addition, We measured temperature distributions and found that temperature increased continuously with increasing partial premixing. We also estimated CH, $C_2$ radical intensity. CH and $C_2$ radicals provide evidence that, for the present measurement, CH and $C_2$ radicals intensity was associsated with their premixed component. And we observed stronger $C_2$, CH radicals intensity at suction conditions than blow conditions.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.97-99
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• 2002

Turbulent premixed flames were a subject of many researches for a number of decades. Especially, Borghi suggested a manificent diagram classifying turbulent combustion reasions and Lipatnikov and Chomiak modified this diagram. But this diagram has difficulties tn defining a flame thickness and velocity and measuring integral length scales In addition, recently experimental techniques are being developed, so we can accurately use PIV diagnostics measuring 2D velocity field instead of LDV and make good use of PLIF techniques for obtaining the flame information. In this study, according to developing techniques, suggest a new diagram replacing the existing Borghi diagram. Simultaneous PIV/OH PLIF measurements are used, which measure a shear strain rate and a location of flames, respectively. The shear strain rate represents turbulence and the OH signal indicates the flame information, but there is no geometric Information which is very important to flame quenching. Hence, to consider the geometric information, calculate fractal dimensions of the OH images. So the diagram suggested in this research has three axes which consist of strain rate, OH signal, and fractal dimension and can classify turbulent premixed flames.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.889-898
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• 2003

The soot yield is studied by a premixed propane-oxygen-inert gas combustion in a specially designed disk-type constant-volume combustion chamber to investigate the effect of turbulence on soot formation. Premixtures are simultaneously ignited by eight spark plugs located on the circumference of chamber at 45 degree intervals in order to observe the soot formation under high pressures and high temperatures. The eight flames converged compress the end gases to a high pressure. The laser schlieren and direct flame photographs for observation field with 10 mm in diameter are taken to examine into the behaviors of flame front and gas flow in laminar and turbulent combustion. The soot volume fraction in the chamber center during the final stage of combustion at the highest pressure is measured by the in situ laser extinction technique and simultaneously the corresponding burnt gas temperature by the two-color pyrometry method. It is found that the soot yield of turbulent combustion decreases in comparison with that of laminar combustion because the burnt gas temperature increases with the drop of heat loss.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.34-41
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• 1995

The structure of premixed tubulent flames in a constant-volume vessel was investigated using a schlieren method and microprobe method. The schlieren method was used to observe the flame structure qualitatively. The microprobe method, which detects a flamelet by detecting its flame potential signal, was used to investigate the deeper flame structure behind the flame front. The flame potential signal having one to six peaks was obtained in the case of turbulent flames, each of them being regarede as a flamelet existing in the flame zone. Based on this consideration, the flame propagation speed, the thickness of the flame zone, the number of flamelets and the separation distance between adjacent flamelets in the flame zone were measured. Moreover, the thickness of flamelet which could not be attempted in the conventional electrostatic probe method was also investigated. The experimental results of this work suggest the existence of "reactant islands" in the reaction zone, and show that the averaged number of flamelets increases with an increase in the turbulence intensity and/or a decrease in the Damkohler number. The mean thickness of flamelet in the case of turbulent flames was found to be about two times compared to laminar values.ar values.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.632-640
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of inert gas on the configuration characteristics of premixed turbulent propagating flames of hydrogen mixtures. Inert gas is changed to $N_2$, Ar, $CO_2$ and He keeping the laminar burning velocity of mixtures nearly the same value. A laser tomography technique was used to obtain the flame shape, and quantitative analyses were performed. The result shows that in the wrinkled laminar flame region, the surface area of turbulent flame is slightly dependent on the equivalence ratio and the kind of inert gas. It is also shown the region of convex part of flame toward the unburned gas is greater than that of toward the burned gas regardless of the kind of inert gas.