• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.4
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• pp.458-464
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• 2001

In this study, the annual growth of roots and their branching forms of Norway spruce(Picea abies [L.] Karst.) were analysed to compare the development of their root in the differently acidified forest soils. And there was no significant difference among the stands for the modified roots and the non-modified roots depending on the root branch forms, and however in the most acidified Weidenbrunnen stand, the modified roots, the abnormal root branch form such as fork, gun and rake types were appeared. As a result of the ring of the root, the annual horizontal root growth were 6.3cm for Weidenbrunnen and Barbis stands and 9.5cm for Eberg$\ddot{o}$tzen stand. The average annual vertical root growth was 4.4cm, 5.4cm, and 6.7cm for Weidenbrunnen stand, Barbis stand, and Eberg$\ddot{o}$tzen stand, respectively. The cross section area by root distribution at 80cm deep showed that the thick and thin roots were evenly distributed in of Eberg$\ddot{o}$tzen stand and the sum of root cross section area was $32.6cm^2$. In Barbis stand, the thick roots were distributed in the center while the thin roots were comparatively rare. And the sum of root cross section area was $29.2cm^2$. In Weidenbrunnen stand, only a few thin roots were found, and the total root cross section area was $10.9cm^2$. The stability coefficient of roots were in the order of Eberg$\ddot{o}$tzen stand(1.04), Barbis stand (0.3), and Weidenbrunnen(0.08) stand. Among the investigated Norway spruce stands, the modified abnormal root branching form and the low root growth appeared in the Weidenbrunnen stand could be attributed by the soil acidification etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.168-168
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• 2003

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.6 no.3_4
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• pp.126-130
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• 2008

The combination ratio of oyster mushroom cultivation supplements have used poplar sawdust(PS) 50% : beet pulp(BP) 30% : cotton seeds meal(CS) 20%. we substituted cotton seeds meal and beet pulp for food by-product dried wastes(DW) 10, 20. 30% respectively. In case of mixing with DW 10% except from BP, mycelial growth was inhibited a little, but mycelial density was accelerated. The more DW contents increase, the more mycelial growth was inhibited, but mycelial growth was accelerated a little, respectively. In case of mixing with DW except from CS, mycelial growth was similar to control almost. In case of mixing with DW except from CS and BP, mycelial growth was inhibited remarkably. CHUNCHU variety developed resistance to developed than SUHAN variety.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1984

Two fast-growing clones 65-29-19 and 66-6-8 and two less fast-growing clones 66-14-29 and 66-14-99 were compared at intensively cultured plots to identify what morphological characters are related to fast growth and high biomass yield of Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa $F_1$. The plantations were established in the spring of 1982 and 1983 at the Seoul National University nursery in Suweon. Differences in dry matter production were found among two-year-old clones but not, among one-year-old clones. Highly significant correlations were found between total leaf area per tree and total dry weight per tree and between total branch length per tree and total dry weight per tree for two-year-old clones. This relation was more obvious during the late growing season. Morphological characters desirable for producing high biomass identified in fast-growing clones were as follows; high shoot-root ratio, high leaf surface area per tree, long leaf retention period, and many small leaves and compact crown architecture in the upper portion of true crown.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.352-358
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• 2013

For the germination and differentiation of immature embryos obtained by artificial crossing between tetraploid grape 'Fujiminori' (Vitis vinifera ${\times}$ V. labruscana) and triploid 'Summer Black' (V. labruscana ${\times}$ V. vinifera), were incubated in vitro using MS medium supplemented with $GA_3$ or coconut water (CW) at various concentrations. The percentage of embryo formation of 'Fujiminori' ${\times}$ 'Summer Black' was 64.3%. Embryo germination percentage was higher than 95% in all the $GA_3$ treatments at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.25, and $1.25mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. However, only 15.8-31.6% of the germinated embryos successfully developed into normal plantlets. At higher concentration of $GA_3$, the plantlets developed infirm hypocotyls with over elongated and less enlarged structure. Among the treatments of CW at the concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20% (v/v), 10% and 15% were more effective and plantlet achievement percentage were 68.4 and 66.7%, respectively. The addition of 10% CW was most effective to obtain plantlets with optimal shoot length, node and root numbers. 15% CW was suitable to obtain plantlets with longer roots. Accordingly, the embryo culture using the MS medium supplemented with 10-15% CW was observed to be more efficient for germinating and growing the immature embryos produced from artificial crossing between tetraploid grape 'Fujiminori' and triploid 'Summer Black'.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 1999

Foliar and physiological characteristics of Schisandraceae plants distributed in Korea were investigated to elucidate differences in growth and the variations of inter and intra species of the plants. For this study, three species of Schisandraceae plants were used; i) Schisandra chinensis, decidious broad-leaved tree, ii) S. nigra, decidious broad-leaved tree, including monoecious, male and female types, ii) Kadsura japonica, evergreen broad-leaved tree. There were no significant differences in leaf length and width among three species, but leaves of Schisandra sp. plants were shorter and wider relative to those of K. japonica. The length of petiole of Schisandra sp. plants was greater than that of K. japonica and the difference was evident between female type of S. chinensis and K. japonica as longer as two times. Schisandra sp. trees showed larger size of stomata, but fewer numbers of stomata, compared with K. japonica. Although substantial changes in leaf morphology were not found in the Schisandraceae plants grown in different environmental conditions, the foliar length of K. japonica was seemed to be increased with increasing an altitude. Chlorophyll contents were also variable in inter and intra species and in, general K. japonica showed higher levels of chlorophyll contents relative to Schisandra sp. plants. K. japonica also showed higher light compensation point(LCP), light saturation point(LSP) and $CO_2$ assimilation rates at LSP, compared with Schisandra sp. trees. However, Schisandra sp. trees showed lower respiration per photosynthesis rates at LSP. The finding suggested that Schisandra sp. trees were acclimated to the growth conditions of lower light intensity with more effective photosynthetic activity. This was also confirmed by the fact that Schisandra sp. plants grown in shading places of a forest demonstrated the elevated rates of net $CO_2$ assimilation under the conditions of low light intensity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.486-494
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• 2021

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is sensitive to low temperature and shows retarded growth under 10℃. Although early transplanting guarantees higher returns, it requires cost and labor to maintain the appropriate temperature for plant growth. Therefore, cultivars tolerant to chilling stress is necessary to reduce the cost and labor requirements. The purpose of this study is to analyze data on plant growth and fruit enlargement under continuous chilling night temperature to develop new cultivars tolerant to chilling temperature. Two cultivars expected to have chilling tolerance and another cultivar sensitive to chilling temperature were grown in greenhouses with chilling and optimal night temperature conditions. In the early growth stage after transplanting, the cultivars expected to have chilling tolerance showed better vine length, fresh weight and dry weight. However, one of the tolerant cultivars showed significantly lower vine length, leaf length and width, and petiole length than the sensitive cultivar during pollination period and later growth stage, showing genotype specific responses. The fruit length, width, and weight were also significantly lower in the tolerant cultivar. The fruit set ratio was significantly higher in the chilling sensitive cultivar than the two tolerant cultivars. These results suggest that the present chilling tolerant cultivars in watermelon were selected based on their performance in the early growth stage, and further studies on chilling tolerance in different growth and development stages are required to develop cultivars adapted to various forcing cultivation systems.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

Four tetraploid mulberry lines, Sawonppon No.11, No.13 and No.14, were induced by the colchicine treatment on the shoot tips of seedlings originated from the cross between Yongchonppong and Kaeryanppong. The major characteristics of the tetraploid lines were as follows: Green tip sprouting stage was similar to Kaeryanppong, a medium budding variety. Leaves were medium- to large-sized cordate type. Leaf surface was rougher and stronger than that of the diploid parents. Leaf thickness, leaf area weight and leaf water content were higher than those of the diploid parents. Average branch length was shorter than that of the diploid parents. Internode length and number of lateral branches were similar to the average values of the two parents. Death atop rate of branch was 1.6%~2.5% indicating strong cold-hardiness of the tetraploid lines. Therefore, these lines could be used as sources of cold-hardiness in developing triploid lines.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.304-311
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• 2009

This study was conducted to develop functional sprout vegetables with antioxidant effects using seeds of Arctium lappa. The seeds germinated vigorously under light at $25^{\circ}C$, reaching germination rate of 82% within 4 days. Germinated seeds were placed under darkness at various temperatures to force growth in length, and it was demonatrated that $20^{\circ}C$ was optimum temperature. Greening treatment reduced growth in length, but promoted growth of cotyledons. Harvested A. lappa sprout vegetables maintained freshness longer at $10^{\circ}C$, rather than $4^{\circ}C$. Ventilation holes in storage containers had no effects on storage periods. Antioxidant activity of vegetable that received greening treatment for 1-3 days was investigated, and it was shown that free radical scavenging effects and ferrous ion chelating effects was higher than those of commercially available brocoli, cauliflower, pea and bean sprout. Contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid were also higher, especially by 3 day greening. The longer the treatment, the more the inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid. Sprout vegetable of A. lappa had higher antioxidant activity compared with adult plant. In conclusion, sprout vegetable of A. lappa has great potentiality for use as one of sprout vegetables.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.240-245
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• 1995

In order to find out the effect of temperature and shading on the growth and major disease infection of Eutrema wasabi Matsum., experiments were at growth chamber condition and field. Plant height, petiole and rhizome of wasabi were obvious decreased with increase the temperature, from which the optimum air temperature for the plant growth were estimated to be 17$^{\circ}C$. The light intensity of the treatment with 75% shading net was favorable to the length of main rhizome, rhizome weight and whole plant weight. Infection ratio of black leg and soft rot were increased at high temperature condition, however their infection ratio were decreased with increase the shading condition.