• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.86-95
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to describe the development and testing of an initial ecological health assessment model, based on the index of biological integrity (IBI) using fish assemblages, before establishing the final and currently used model for ecological health assessment, conservation and management of freshwater fish in Korea. The initial fish IBI model was developed during 2004~2006 and included 10 metrics, and in 2007 the final IBI 8-metric model was established for application to streams and rivers in four major Korean watersheds. In this paper, we describe how we developed fish sampling methods, determined metric attributes and categorized tolerance guilds and trophic guilds during the development of the multi-metric model. Two of the initial metrics were removed and the initial evaluation categories were reduced from six to four (excellent, good, fair, poor) before establishing the final national fish model. In the development phase, IBI values were compared with chemical parameters (BOD and COD as indicators of organic matter pollution) and physical habitat parameters to identify differences in IBI model values between chemical and physical habitat conditions. These processes undertaken during the development of the IBI model may be helpful in understanding the modifications made and contribute to creating efficient conservation and management strategies for stream environments to be used by limnologists and fish ecologists as well as stream/watershed managers.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.353-362
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of micro-topography to vegetation pattern in Dunchon-dong wetland. To characterize the effect of micro-topography, changes in water level and vegetation pattern were monitored from 2007 to 2008. Depending on the relative elevation, the study site was divided into 4 sectors. The relative areas of sectors in ascending order were 11%, 10%, 18% and 24%, respectively. During investigation period, average water pH was 6.10 (${\pm}0.13$), electron conductivity was $51.5({\pm}6.0){\mu}s/cm$, $PO_4$-P, $NO_3$-N and $NH_4$-N concentration were $0.04({\pm}0.02)mg/L$, $0.14({\pm}0.07)mg/L$, and lower than 0.01mg/L, respectively. Water level was very changeable in low-water season because the area of lowest sector was small. This characteristic increased the effect of difference of accumulated precipitation from March to April in 2007 and 2008 to plant community composition in lower sectors. Different plant guilds dominated respective sectors and annual plants were major dominant species in the study site. This study suggested that the elevation gradients are necessary to create the habitats for various plant guilds in wetland.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.508-515
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• 2015

Post-fire restoration can affect breeding bird communities and species compositions over a long-term period by determining pot-fire succession, and a long-term monitoring is therefore required to understand its impacts on forest birds. This study aimed to document the effects of post-fire restoration methods on breeding bird communities in three areas: unburned and two burned (nonintervention and intervention with clear-cut logging and planting) stands 13 years after the stand-replacing Samcheok forest fire at Mt. Geombong in Samcheok, South Korea. According to 108 point counts during the breeding season from April to June 2013, we found that the number of individuals, observed bird species, and species diversity index in intervention stands with clear-cut logging and planting were lower than that in nonintervention and unburned control stands. Foraging and nesting guild analysis also showed a lower abundance of foliage searchers, timber drillers, primary cavity nesters and secondary cavity nesters in intervention stands than in the other stands, while no significant difference was detected between the nonintervention and unburned stands. These results imply that an interventional restoration method may deter the recovery of avian breeding communities after forest fires, and also suggest that non-interventional restoration methods may be an effective way to benefit the species diversity and density of breeding bird communities.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.440-447
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• 2013

The ecological health, based on the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) was evaluated in 10 stream sites of Southern Han River. Eleven parameters of 12 parameters (Karr 1981) were modified for the application of regional Korean circumstance. The ecological health, based on IBI grade, was in "good condition" and the IBI score ranged from 33 to 47. Nine parameters of the original 12-parameter metrics in QHEI model (Plafkin et al. 1989) were applied in the habitat assessment. The mean QHEI model values were judged as "partially supporting" and ranged from 75 (non-supporting) to 109 (supporting). Comparative analyses revealed that values of IBI and QHEI models were greater in Gj stream than Ig- and Dn streams. The analysis of fish compositions showed that the proportions of insectivore, omnivore, and carnivore were 61.9%, 19%, and 9.5%, respectively. According to tolerance guild analysis, sensitive species and tolerant species were 76.1% and 4.7%, respectively, indicating a healthy trophic state in terms of food chain. The analysis by habitat guild type indicated that riffle benthic species dominated (57.1%) when compared to water column species (28.5%). The introduced species and individuals with diseases or external abnormality were not observed. Overall, the model values of IBI and QHEI suggested that the ecological health was maintained well in this upstream region.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.212-220
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• 2009

In this study, we analyzed fish compositions and ecological characteristics such as trophic guilds and tolerance guilds in association with water quality characteristics in Masan Reservoir during November 2008. Total number of species were 12 species (6 families) and the dominant species were Zacco platypus, Hemiculter eigenmanni, and Pseudorasbora parva. We found three Korean endemic species and one exotic species, Carassius cuvieri. According to the analysis of ecological indicator characteristics, relative proportion of tolerant and omnivore species was 98% of the total indicating that probably, the fauna was influenced by physical habitat disturbance and physicochemical degradations. Fish distribution analysis along with littoral zone showed that the most fishes (${\sim}$95%) were observed in the littoral zone where emerged macrophytes were well developed. Also, substrate analysis indicated that the most species were found near silt area (11 species, 91.7%), so that the significant differences were found between the substrate types. Analysis of water quality indicated that concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll-a (ChI-a) as a lake trophic indicator were judged as eutrophic states, respectively and COD as an indicator of organic matter pollution averaged 10.9 mg $L^{-1}$. Based on the water quality, this system were influenced by the nutrient enrichments and organic matter. The degradations of water quality in Masan Reservoir resulted in trophic compositions of fish (increase of omnivore species) and the dominance of tolerant fish. This Monitoring data may contribute changes of fish fauna and compositions in relation to habitat modifications and chemical water quality degradations in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.684-693
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze fish communities in the Wonju stream located in Wonju-si in Gangwon-do, and to evaluate the health of the stream through past and present changes. We performed investigations four times from May 2015 to September 2016. In the survey, 5,201 individuals which belonged to 27 species and 9 families were collected. Zacco platypus was the dominant species and Pungtungia herziwas the subdominant species. Eight Korean endemic species (Acanthorhodeus gracilis, Zacco koreanus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Squalidus gracilis majimae, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Iksookimia koreensis, Koreocobitis rotundicaudata, Coreoperca herzi) were observed and showed a ratio of 16.54%. The fish community of dominance ($0.72{\pm}0.10$), diversity ($1.37{\pm}0.32$), evenness ($0.61{\pm}0.13$), and richness ($1.70{\pm}0.23$) were evaluated. According to our analysis of tolerance guilds, the total individual number of intermediate species was higher than the sensitive and tolerant species. As a result of the trophic guild analysis,the omnivore and insectivore species were relatively high. The value of the qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) in the wonju stream was averaged 121.2 (${\pm}23.4$), indicating a suboptimal condition. Stream health showed that the fish assessment index (FAI) value was an A to C grade in the Wonju stream. A correlation coefficient analysis with FAI and various factors was analysed statistically, and had a high correlation in QHEI, with the omnivore species, insectivore species, intermediate species, sensitive species, dominance, diversity, evenness, and richness.

• 사회경제평론
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.203-237
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• 2018

This paper critically studies Meidner's wage-earner funds project. On the basis of this, this paper intends to create new prospects for a universal welfare regime. From the perspective of the welfare system, the funds project is a correction or supplement of the Swedish welfare system of the Swedish model centered on 'redistribution'. However, the funds project shares the ideology of Swedish model and its fundamental premise, I.e. guild socialism and labor-centrism. This paper discusses the limitations of the funds project resulting from this, especially with regard to its three purposes: equalization of property distribution, economic democracy and the correction of excess profit. It then highlights that the alternative to overcome the limitations of the funds project and the Swedish universal welfare system should be based on a new ideology and fundamental premise that is cut off from guild socialism and labor centrism. As an alternative fulfilling this, this paper focuses on theories that suggest that the Common Wealth Fund should be created and basic income should be implemented in the form of dividends as its dividend. As a result, Commons Capital Stock and the basic income as its dividend are presented as alternative prospects for the funds project.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 2019

The objectives of this study were to analyze the influence of chemical water quality on fish guilds, pollution tolerance and the multi-metric ecological health, based on the Fish Assessment Index (FAI) in the main stream of Mangyeong River between 2009-2016. The quality of water with specific conductivity, TP, and $NH_4-N$ got worse dramatically in the down region. During the study, a total of 50 species were collected and the most dominant species was Zacco platypus. Also known as tolerant species, accounted 22.9% of the total abundances, thus indicating a trophic degradation. The downstream region (S5) had the highest number of fish external abnormalities, indicating a degradation of ecological health, based on the fish assemblages. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that relative abundance of tolerant fish species and omnivore fish species had a significant positive correlation(r>0.30, p<0.05) with values of BOD, conductivity and $NH_4-N$. Whereas, the relative abundance of the sensitive species and insectivore species had a significant negative relations (r<-0.30, p<0.001) with the parameters. The mean obtained from the multi-metric fish model, based on the FAI of all sites was 47 (n=40). This indicated a "fair condition" in the ecological health, and the downstream regions (S3-S5) were judged as "bad condition", indicating an influence of the chemical degradation on the ecological health.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.397-408
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• 1995

This study was conducted to analyze the breeding bird community by using guild concept in Mt. Baekwoon Research Forest of Seoul National University. Bird Community was studied by line transect method during the breeding seasons of birds in 1982 and its results were compared and analyzed with the Park et al. Work in 1993. Guilds were characterized by nesting and foraging sites as follows: nesting guild - (H) hole, (C) canopy, (B) bush, (E) edge; and foraging guild - (o) outside, (c) canopy, (b) bush. Bush-nesting guilds such as Tricolor Flycatcher (Ficedula zanthopygia), Blue-and-White Flycatcher (Cyanoptila cyanomelana), Stonechat (Saxicola torquata), Bush Warbler (cettia diphone) and Skylark (Alauda arvensis) had disappeared after ten years. Outside-foraging guilds such as Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo), sparrow Hawk (Accipiter nisus) and Carrion Crow (Corvus corone) also were not observed. There was a sharp decrease of species richness of bush-nesting guild, canopy-foraging guild and bush-foraging guild compared to ten years ago. These decreases indicate that forest environment of this area has been changed for the ten years, and guild concept in this study can be used usefully to elucidate the change of bird community according to the change in forest environment.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02b
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• pp.770-779
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• 2006

한국 사회에서 사이버 공간, 특히 온라인 게임 세계가 사용자들에게 단순한 게임이나 가상 공간이 아닌 다양한 활동을 통해 현실과는 다른 방식의 또 다른 인생을 살아가는 새로운 생활공간으로 기능하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 온라인 게임 공간에서의 라이프스타일 유형을 확인하고, 리니지 2 와 메이플스 토리라는 두 가지 MMORPG 게임에서 이 유형이 어떻게 나타나는지를 확인하였다. 온라인 게임 '리니지'에서 구분된 온라인 라이프스타일은 '싱글 플레이어', '공동체지향 게이머', '탈사회적 게이머'였다.'리니지 2'를 대상으로 연구 결과, 온라인 게임 공간에서의 공동체 활동은 크게 공동목표, 집단유대감, 집단존중감, 집단영향력의 요인들로 구성되어있는 것으로 확인되었다. 온라인게임 사용자들은 온라인 게임에서 현실감, 조작용이성, 성취감, 친밀감, 소속감, 일탈적 행위를 통한 카타르시스를 통해 재미를 느끼는 것으로 확인되었다. 하지만, 이런 성향은 메이플스토리라는 저 연령층의 게임에서는 비교적 다르게 나타났다. 혈맹 또는 길드의 가입 비율은 비슷한 수준이었지만, 활동방식은 라이프스타일에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 게임세계에서의 라이프스타일은 연령이나 게임 사용기간에서는 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 공동체 활동과 온라인 게임에서 얻는 재미의 하위 요인들에서는 분명한 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 공동체 활동과 재미를 느끼는 측면에서의 차이로 인해 결국 온라인 게임에 몰입하는 정도도 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 사이버 공간에서의 사람들의 심리적, 행동적 특성, 특히 온라인 게임에서의 사람들의 공동체 활동과 재미의 요소들을 탐색하였다는 측면에서 의의가 있다. 사람들이 온라인 게임 세계에 몰입하도록 만드는 요인들을 구체적으로 확인할 수 있었다는 측면에서 향후 사이버 공간을 기획하는 사람들에게 구체적인 시사점을 제시할 것이다.