• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.2 s.94
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• pp.126-132
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• 2001

Urbanization and population increase result in the construction of STPs (Sewage Treatment Plants). Discharge from STPs greatly influences on the water quality in the stream which receives discharges. The decision of STP location should be considered with the discharge capacity of STP and self-purification of river in the water quality perspectively. In this study, a change of dissolved oxygen (DO) in a river being affected by STP discharge was simulated by the STELLA model. Minimum DO was 4.98 ppm in 42.6 km downstream of STP. Approximately, it takes 8days to recover the DO by the self-purification and this location is 340 km down-stream from the STP. If the model run for the consideration of the self-purification without phytoplankton algorithms, minimum DO was 4.92 ppm. It took 0.25 day longer to be the minimum DO than that with the phytoplankton functions. Without the phytoplankton algorithm, it took 11days to recover the DO. This proves the importance of phytoplankton in the self-purification processes. Additionally, the effect of adjacent STP discharge should be considered in the construction of new STP.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.237-247
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of social security benefits to poverty alleviation. To this end, this study analyzed the poverty alleviation effect of public pension, basic pension, child-rearing allowance, disability allowance, basic living security subsidy, EITC, and other government subsidies using 2019 Household Financial Welfare Survey. The analysis results are as follows. First, social security benefits lowered the poverty rate by 6.8%p. Second, in terms of the poverty gap reduction effect, the public pension for the elderly male households, the basic pension for the elderly female householder, and the basic guarantee for the working female householder contributed the most. Finally, in terms of poverty alleviation efficiency, about 33% of social security benefits contribute to narrowing the poverty gap. Social security benefits for female heads of households were found to serve as a function of alleviating poverty gap and for male heads of households to supplement household income. Based on these results, this study suggested the discovery of various poverty states, expansion of basic security for the female elderly, and the connection between the purpose of social security benefits and key targets.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2008

This study was aimed to provide basic data which are fairly useful to improve satisfaction level of patients by analyzing factors related to each functional satisfactions of dental implant treatment. The subjects of this study were 120 patients who received implant treatment and analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA and pearson's correlation. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Differences of each functional satisfaction according to general characteristics was not reveal statistically significant. 2. A group to got periodic scaling and tooth brushed four or more times a day showed the highest satisfaction of social and esthetic function(p < .05). 3. A group to implantation in premolar area showed the highest satisfaction of masticatory function and a group to implantation in incisor to be high in satisfaction of social and esthetic function, but the differences were not statistically significant 4. A group to got implant treatment at a dental hospital showed the highest satisfaction of both social and esthetic function, and at a general hospital were found lowest(p < .05). 5. Masticatory function, social function, esthetic function, and overall satisfaction were found to be in a positive correlations, and especially, the correlation coefficient between the overall satisfaction and social function was found to be highest(p < .01).

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 1997

임상 결과의 측정에서 새로운 관점을 갖는 것은 중요하다. 의료 재활은 심리적 측정의 질들(표준화, 신뢰도, 타당도)에서 충분한 노력에 수행되어지지 않아 왔기 때문에 환자와 프로그램 사이에 일반화된 기능적인 평가 범위가 부족하다. 장애의 적절한 측정을 위한 요구는 기능적인 상태에서 변화들을 알리고 치료의 필요성을 평가하고 치료를 계획하고 결과를 예측하고 보상 방법을 측정하기 위한 환자의 치료와 임상 연구에서 모두 나타난다. 세계적으로 사용되어지고 있는 기능 평가 도구인 FIM으로부터 이 연구는 신체적 측정의 기대되어진 것에 유사한 비율로 기능적 평가 측정들을 구성한다. 노인 재활에서 기능적인 결과의 측정은 중요한 몇 가지 점이 있다. 첫째는 접근에 기초한 기능적인 결과는 치료 목표 설정에 필요하다. 둘째는 도구는 기능적인 향상을 예상하는데 유용해야 한다. 셋째는 기능 평가는 적절한 타당도와 신뢰도와 함께 고려되어져야만 한다. 넷째는 다른 기능적 도구들이 함께 평가되어져야 할 필요가 있다는 것이다. FIM의 목록의 어려운 접들은 손상을 입은 집단에서는 다소 다양하다. 가장 중요한 부분이기 때문에 하나의 운동범위는 요통과 화상을 입은 환자를 제외한 모든 손상을 입은 집단들에게 적용되어 질 수 있다. 기능의 운동과 인지적인 면은 구분되어지는 것이 중요하였고 분리되어져서 치료되어 졌다. 어려운 목록들은 손상을 입은 집단에서 다양하였고, 다양한 손상의 종류의 독특한 영향을 반영하였다. FIM은 기능적인 장애를 측정하기 위해 고안되어진 또 다른 도구이다. 그리고 다른 것들은 의료 재활을 위한 국제적 자료 체계를 만들기 위한 것이다. FIM의 목적은 의료 재활의 결과를 확인하고 장애의 정도의 측정을 포함한다. FIM은 7가지 수준에서 사회적 인지, 의사 소통, 이동, 움직임 (mobility), 소변 관리, 자조 활동을 평가한다. 범위는 총체적 도움의 비율로부터 완전하게 독립적인 것까지의 범위이고 도움, 감독, 도구의 사용의 범위를 고려한다. 27,009의 환자를 조사한 최근 검사 기록들은 FIM이 움직임(motor)과 인지 기능을 평가하는 것이라는 것을 보여준다(Hinemann, 1993). FIM의 저자들은 자료가 프로그램 평가의 시도에서 즉각적으로 적용 할 수 있기를 기대한다. FSI은 어떤 과제의 수행에서 어려움에 관계된 정보를 제공하는 것을 나타내고 과제를 수행하기 위한 환자를 위한 변경된 전략들을 발달시키기 위해 노력하는 임상가들에게 유용할 수 있다. 두 도구 모두는 전통적인 범위들보다 고관절 골절을 동반한 장애의 좀더 정확한 정보를 모으도록 할 수 있다. 고찰된 모든 연구의 결과들은 골절 후에 남아 있는 잔여 장애의 중요한 수준을 강조한다. 골절 전의 보행으로 회복된 사람은 매우 드물었다. 대부분은 기본적인 움직임 혹은 옷입기, 개인 위생에 관계된 활동들에서 의존적이었다. 많은 사람들은 사회에서 활동을 할 수 없었다. 장애의 적절한 측정의 요구는 환자 치료와 기능적인 상태에서 변화를 알고 치료의 요구도를 측정하고 치료를 계획하고 결과를 예상하고 보상 수단을 결정하는 임상적 연구에서 모두 나타난다. 물리치료 분야는 분야의 다른 영역에서 기능적인 결과를 충족시키고 발달시키는 것이 필요하다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.561-570
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to examine the level of understanding, current management and degree of satisfaction about 'Cosmeceuticals' among pharmacists running pharmacists. Using this research as a foundation, pharmacies are able to prepare an implementation plan for the marketing of 'Cosmeceuticais'. The level of understanding among pharmacists surveyed was found to be rather low as yet, and it will be necessary to increase their specialized knowledge. Through this analysis of current conditions, several means for pharmacies to implement marketing of 'Cosmeceuticals' are evident. These include expanding the definition of 'Cosmeceuticals' reforming the system for inspecting 'Cosmeceuticals', developing and distributing various specialized 'Cosmeceuticals', initiating training for increasing the level of specialized knowledge of pharmacists, developing public information by corporations and consumer networks, driving coordinated marketing with medical associations, linking marketing with health foods, ensuring display space at pharmacies, and offering knowledgeable consultations and detailed information about the products. This research is significant in that it shows that a plan reforming pharmacy management, which is affected by the environment in pharmacies such as the separation of pharmacies from medical practices, should include the an increase in marketing for 'Cosmeceuticals'. This research will be of great usefulness in forming a foundation for the sales strategy and manufacturing of 'Cosmeceuticals' by pharmacists, for the training of distributors about 'Cosmeceuticals', and for developing a distribution strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.102-115
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to establish the evaluation model through the systematic process of selecting the indicators and to evaluate the environmental-control function on forest using GIS in Deagu for the sustainable forest planning. The 35 indicators as basic items were selected by literature review and those were squeezed into the 29 indicators through expert brainstorming. Also, the 8 indicators to evaluate environmental-control function were selected by the first survey and the 5 final indicators such as carbon sink, temperature decrease, wind formation, water circulation, air purification were determined by MCB analysis using the second survey. The evaluation model was established through the weight of each indicator by AHP analysis using the third survey. According to the result of evaluating the environmental-control function on forest, the functions around the top area of Mt. Ap, Mt. Biseul, Mt. Palgong had more than 66 scores. On the other hand, the functions around Mt. Waryong and forest of Chilgok in Buk-gu had less than 40 scores. It is necessary to improve the function through the sustainable restoration and management in case of forest that the environmental-control function was lower. Furthermore, these results will be able to be utilized as basic data in order to establish the preservation area and control development area at the urban, environmental, and forest planning.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of occupational therapeutic intervention including functional task training on activities daily living of falls experienced elderly. Methods : This study used a single subject experimental design with alternating treatment and reversal design. One participant who have had falls experience among the community-dwelling elderly completed. This study a total of 18 sessions were conducted. Fall Efficiency Scale(FES), Berg Balance Scale(BBS) and task modification scale were used to assess the activities of daily living during each session, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure(COPM) and Assessment of Home-based Activities(AHA) were used to evaluate the activities of daily living at pre-and post-test. Results : The participant showed significant improvements in the FES, BBS scores. However, the improvement was greater when progressive resistance exercise was practised along with functional task training. COPM and AHA scores improved at post-test. Conclusions : These findings provide evidence for occupational therapeutic intervention for falls-experienced elderly.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.813-819
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• 2017

This study carried out to determine the physicochemical components of Cynanchi wilfordii Radix (CWR) fermented with Rhizopus delemar. The physicochemical components such as changes on moisture content, pH, total acidity, reducing sugars, and the contents of free sugars, free amino acid, cynandione A were investigated. The moisture content of fermented CWR was increased after 4 days of fermentation. The pH value of fermented CWR was decreased after 4 days of fermentation. The reducing sugars contents were in the range of 1.42-1.69%. The major free sugars were identified as rhamnose, glucose, fructose and sucrose. The content of free sugars was decreased during fermentation process of CWR while the glucose contents in 80% ethanol and water extracts were increased. In addition, the free amino acid increased significantly during fermentation. Finally, The content of cynandion A of the fermented CWR was highest at the level of 14.09 mg/g on the $8^{th}$ day. These results are indicated that fermentation with Rhizopus strains could be used to increase the bioactivity of CWR and the fermented CWR can be used as a functional material and edible resource in the food industry.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1577-1589
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the health status, functional status, and home environment hazards by the fear of falling and explore the factors that contribute to the fear of falling. This was a descriptive study. Data were collected for two years with 973 older adults who enrolled in a health center at A city. Trained nurses visited subjects' home and collected data using Resident Assessment Instrument MDS-HC. The average age of the subjects was 76.8 (±7.6) and female was 74.8%. 20.7% of subjects reported fear of falling. In terms of the fear of falling, two groups were compared. There were significant differences in vision, urinary incontinence, pain that interrupts daily activity, unstable gait, comorbidities, frequency of depressive or anxious sign. The greater the age, IADL and ADL dependency, comorbidities, unstabled gait, the more fear of falling. In conclusion, this study reassured the importance of assessing the major factors related to fear of falling such as age, IADL and ADL, comorbities, gait among older adults. This study will contribute to establish strategies for preventing fall. Reducing the fear of falling through the comprehensive nursing intervention will ultimately improve the quality of life in the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2003

To set out restoration plan of Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests(EBLF), a case study was done at Wando arboretum, Sinjido and Jangdo(Island). Firstly, basic environmental survey was done and the degrade levels of EBLF was assessed. And the forest functions and restoration goal of vegetation have been established before considering and setting restoration types of vegetation and restoration techniques. Taking social demand and restoration goal etc. into consideration, the forest functions were classified into a ecosystem preservation, scenery conservation and timber production. Quercus acuta Forest, Castanopsis siebodii Forest, Persea thunbergii Forest, Cinnamomum japonicum Forest, Dendropanax morbifera Forest etc. were suggested as a restoration goal of vegetation. Restoration types of vegetation were classified into a preservation type, restoration type, reconstruction type and afforestation type. And restoration techniques were subdivided into a preservation, induction, improvement, and creation according to the degraded levels of EBLF.