• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.114-126
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to find ways of the view evaluation of biotope classification before development by selecting an area, which is as large as about $10.0km^2$ around Non Gong Up, Auk Po Myun, Dalsung Gun, Daugu where the large project has been planned, as a subject of this study. The results of this study are as follows. Because of the classification of biotope, there are 23 kinds of types that are subdivided into 140 types. Three surveys for selecting the assessment indicators were performed. The first survey analyzed the importance of 22 selected assessment indicators based on the evaluation of an existing literature review and on the spot research. The second survey performed factor analysis and reclassified the value indicators. The third survey computed additive values of the selected assessment indicators. It used a method of standardizing the average importance of indicators by making their sum equal by 10. Theses additive values were then multiplied by each grade of indicators in order to make a final evaluation. The number of assessment indicators finally selected through the survey of asking specialist is vitality elements, visual obstructs elements etc 19. According to the result of evaluation of 1st, 1 grade spaces which especially valuable is analyzed that 7 spaces, 2 grade spaces for 4, 3 grade spaces for 5, 4 grade space for 2, 5 grade space for 5. Because of the evaluation of 2st, 1 grade spaces which especially valuable(1a, 1b) is analyzed that 15 spaces, 2 grade spaces which valuable is analyzed that 28 space. As the evaluation of site suitability model of this study couldn't have high applicability to other similar area because of having only one site as a subject, it is needed to do synthesize and standardization of various examples to have higher objectivity later.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2011

Purpose: In cases when implant supported overdenture is made by using standard size implant, additional procedure such as bone surgery and bone grafting can be required. And it gives burden to doctor and patient in terms of cost. Therefore, it is necessary to find the implant therapy for the edentulous patients in making denture with accordable cost and simple procedure. Materials and methods: Edentulous patients with upper and lower dentures participated in this study. Before the operation, survey about patient's satisfaction to the existing dentures was carried out. Surgical procedures included four small diameter implants installation anterior area and immediate loading. One and three month after the procedure, the same survey about patient's satisfaction was carried out, and radiography was taken. Results: We are doing research to the nine patients. Survival rate is 97.2 percent. The comparison of patient's satisfaction before and after surgery is performed based on oral health impact profile 49. We analyze mainly with masticatory discomfort, retention, aesthetics, social problem, psychological discomfort problems. As a result, satisfaction level is increased at all factors. Retention is the most increased satisfactory factor followed by mastication difficulty, pronunciation, psychological discomfort, social discomfort, aesthetics in order. Marginal bone loss is 0.21 mm at 12 weeks after implant placement. Conclusion: This research reveals that the denture supported by mini dental implant increases patient's satisfaction. This study will be continued with more patients for a long time and we are scheduled for taking additional radiography to check whether peri-implant bone resorption occurs or not.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.785-795
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• 2018

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has recognized the risk of hull fouling and announced '2011 Guidelines for the control and management of ship's biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species'and is planning international regulations to enforce them in the future. In this study, to effectively respond to future international regulation, we introduce the case of leading countries related to management of hull fouling and also investigate environmental risk assessment techniques for in-water cleaning. Australia and New Zealand, the leading countries in hull fouling management, have established hull fouling regulations through biological and chemical risk assessment based on in-water cleaning scenarios. Most European countries without their government regulation have been found to perform in-water cleaning in accordance with the IMO's hull fouling regulations. In the Republic of Korea, there is no domestic law for hull fouling organisms, and only approximately 17 species of marine ecological disturbance organisms, are designated and managed under the Marine Ecosystem Law. Since in-water cleaning is accompanied by diffusion of alien species and release of chemical substances into aquatic environments, results from biological as well as chemical risk assessment are performed separately, and then evaluation of in-water cleaning permission is judged by combining these two results. Biological risk assessment created 40 codes of in-water cleaning scenarios, and calculated Risk Priority Number (RPN) scores based on key factors that affect intrusion of alien species during in-water cleaning. Chemical risk assessment was performed using the MAMPEC (Marine Antifoulant Model to Predict Environmental Concentrations), to determine PEC and PNEC values based on copper concentration released during in-water cleaning. Finally, if the PEC/PNEC ratio is >1, it means that chemical risk is high. Based on the assumption that the R/V EARDO ship performs in-water cleaning at Busan's Gamcheon Port, biological risk was estimated to be low due to the RPN value was <10,000, but the PEC/PNEC ratio was higher than 1, it was evaluated as impossible for in-water cleaning. Therefore, it will be necessary for the Republic of Korea to develop the in-water cleaning technology by referring to the case of leading countries and to establish domestic law of ship's hull fouling management, suitable for domestic harbors.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.100-112
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• 1999

Objective：In life-long disabilities like autism and mental retardation, the authors thought that it is important for clinician to consider the quality of life of a primary caregiver for long-term management and prognosis. This study was to investigate the factors of children and family environment affecting the quality of life and depression in mothers with autistic and/or mentally retarded children. Methods：41 autistic and/or mentally retarded children aged 5-12 years with their mothers were surveyed from September, 1998 to January, 1999, with K-CBCL, K-BDI, K-FES, and K-SBQOL scale and compared with data from 35 normal control subjects. Results：1) Total K-BDI and K-SBQOL scores of mothers with mentally handicapped children were significantly poorer than the scores of normal control group. Independence, intellectual/cultural orientation and active recreation subscales of K-FES in mentally handicapped children were significantly decreased than those in normal control group. 2) Total K-BDI score of mothers with mentally handicapped children was correlated with their children’s behavioral problems, especially internalizing and thought symptoms, and with family cohesion, expressiveness, conflict and independence. 3) Totol K-SB quality of life score of mothers with mentally handicapped children was correlated with their children’s behavioral problems, especially attention problem, and with family cohesion, conflict, independence, intellectual/cultural orientation, and moral-religional emphasis. 4) The quality of life of mothers with mentally handicapped children was predicted by attention problem($R^2$=.36, p=.000) and social competence($R^2$=.07, p=.038) in children and family cohesion ($R^2$=.16, p=.001). 5) Depression of mothers with mentally handicapped children was predicted by internalizing symptom ($R^2$=.21, p=.003) and thought disorder($R^2$=.06, p=.048) in children and family cohesion($R^2$=.14, p=.008). Conclusion：Reducing behavioral problems and family therapeutic intervention in autistic and mentally retarded children can improve the quality of life of primary caregivers and long-term prognosis of the children, although those are not curative.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.216-224
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a community-based cancer patient management program (CBPCMP) which was collaborated between a hospice center and public health centers. Methods: The CBPCMP proceeded on four steps; 1) Signing agreements with three public health centers, 2) Enrolling the domiciliary terminal cancer patients, 3) Providing home hospice service, and 4) Inquiring patient's level of satisfaction. From February 1 to December 31 in 2009, 43 terminal cancer patients were referred and provided with home hospice service. The hospice team made a total of 605 visits. Medical records for each visit and data from satisfaction surveys were analyzed. Results: 76.7% of patients were older than 60 years, and 90.7% of the patients were alert. The level of functional status for 76.7% of patients rated as lower than ECOG grade 1. 62.8% of the patients or their caregivers signed hospice service agreements. On the initial evaluation, the most frequent reasons for referral were general weakness (86.0%), followed by anorexia (72.1%). Nurses visited the patients' most frequently (371 visits), followed by volunteers (216 visits). Nurses provided emotional support and health promotion counseling on 95.1% and 22.9% of visits, respectively. The mean satisfaction score rated by patients and their family was 4.45 out of 5. Conclusion: This study tested CBPCMP in collaboration with hospice centers and public health centers. CBPCMP showed a possibility to improve the quality of end of life care. To insure the quality care, however, the guidelines for home hospice service should be developed.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.71-86
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to apply After-school programs related to sub-chapter 'The Change of Weather', and thereby to investigate the effect of After-school program on science-related attitude and learning achievement of students, and interaction between treatment methods and students' learning ability. The subjects of study consisted of 2nd grade students of sixty four students in high school. Sixty four students were divided into two categories by experimental and control groups on the basis of midterm examination before teaching treatment. The experimental groups have received four After-school programs including making models of a weather front, measurement of wind, measurement of temperature and the dew point, making a three-dimensional weather chart which were developed by researcher for six times. The control groups have received the instruction through the conventional teaching methods. Seventy questions within seven frameworks of TOSRA have been used in this study as an evaluation instrument of science-related attitude. Learning achievement has been evaluated using an instrument developed by researcher. The scores of both pre-test and post-test were estimated by ANCOVA. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. (1) After-school programs were more effective in progressing the three categories of science related attitude of high school students i.e. pleasure of science class(p<.05), reception of scientific attitude(p<.01), attitude about a science research(p<.05) than conventional teaching methods. (2) Experimental groups showed statistically significant improvement on learning achievement than control groups(p<.05). (3) The effect of treatment methods on students' learning ability has been improved in experimental groups more positively than control groups(p<.05). High level students in experimental groups showed significant improvement on learning achievement than low level students according to the representing profile plot. But there were no significant interaction between treatment methods and students' learning ability(p>.05) In conclusion, the After-school programs have positive effect on the improvement of science related attitude and learning achievement.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sensory properties and Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) for branded Hanwoo beef. Eight subprimal cuts purchased from the branded Hanwoo beef of 3 quality grades ($1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1) at 13 stores were determined the tenderness using WBS and evaluated the sensory properties (tenderness, flavor, juiciness, overall acceptance) by trained sensory panels. The results of sensory evaluation were analyzed by four WBS value classes (<3.46 kg, 3.46-4.09 kg, 4.09-4.72 kg, >4.72 kg). The results from the sensory evaluation (tenderness, flavor, juiciness, overall acceptance) for subprimal cuts of WBS force value less than 3.46 kg had high scores, whereas WBS force value more than 4.72 kg had low scores (p<0.05). Correlation coefficient of WBS measurements with sensory ratings was -0.67 (tenderness), -0.53 (flavor), -0.49 (juiciness), and -0.57 (overall acceptance). From these results, consumers can distinguish sensory taste of branded Hanwoo beef using WBS categories and beef industry can apply index of taste for brand Hanwoo beef by WBS categories.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Objectives: We studied to find out the relevant relationship between the type of residence and the level of mental depression among aged people. Methods: The authors surveyed 156 people who are over 65 in a small city. Here are three groups: 50 persons who live in the facility for the aged. 72 persons who live with their family and 34 persons who live alone. We developed the questionnaire and the severity of depressive symptoms was measured using Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS) score. Results: Positive rate of depressive disorders among the aged people was 43.6%. Positive rate of depressive disorders among the aged who live in the facility for the aged was 42.0% and that persons who live with their family was 9.7%. It's more likely to be their gender, the marital status, schooling, going out and pocket money that affect on their mental depression. According to the multiple logistic regression, the odds ratios of the persons who live in the facility for the aged versus persons who live with their family and pocket money in a month were significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: The research shows that the mental depression in the aged people is more serious in the facility for the aged and also significantly related to their pocket money.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.796-806
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate dietary attitude, and nutritional knowledge of middle school students in Gwangju and examine their perception and utilization of food labeling systems. The total and mean dietary attitude scores were 75 and 49.47, respectively. The total and mean nutrition knowledge scores were 15 and 10.88, respectively. Girls showed significantly higher nutrition knowledge than boys (p<0.01). Overall, 62.9% of respondents checked food labeling, and there were significant differences in dietary attitudes among groups that did and did not checking labeling (p<0.001), with higher dietary attitude being associated with checking the label. Moreover, higher nutritional knowledge was associated with checking the food label. Individuals who checked the food label considered the expiration date (54.9%), product name (14.4%) and price (10.2%). The main reasons for checking food labeling were (in descending order) to confirm the expiration date (61.6%), determine the ingredients and nutritional information, learn how to store the product, and compare the price and weight with other products. The overall satisfaction with the food labeling system was 16.20 out of 30, and significant differences (p<0.001) were observed among individuals with high, moderate and low dietary attitudes, as indicated by satisfaction scores of 17.54, 16.32 and 14.86, respectively. Individuals with high, moderate and low dietary attitudes had nutritional knowledge scores of 15.79, 16.08, and 17.08 respectively. The overall score for understanding nutrition labeling was 4.71 out of 7, and the understanding differed significantly among groups (p<0.01), with those with moderate food attitudes having the highest score.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

This study was performed to analyze the physical attributes of the faces and affective words on the fares. For analyzing physical attributes inside of a face, 36 facial features were selected and almost of them were the lengths or distance values. For analyzing facial contour 14 points were selected and the lengths from nose-end to them were measured. The values of these features except ratio values normalized by facial vortical length or facial horizontal length because the face size of each person is different. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed and four major factors were extracted: 'facial contour' component, 'vortical length of eye' component, 'facial width' component, 'eyebrow region' component. We supposed the five-dimensional imaginary space of faces using factor scores of PCA, and selected representative faces evenly in this space. On the other hand, the affective words on faces were collected from magazines and through surveys. The factor analysis and multidimensional scaling method were performed and two orthogonal dimensions for the affections on faces were suggested: babyish-mature and sharp-soft.