• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.21-39
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• 2023

The study investigates the impact of family ownership heterogeneity on the internationalization decisions of family-owned enterprises from ICT sectors in South Korea. The study uses prospect theory to explore the relationship between ownership structure and internationalization. The study finds that as performance improves, the ultimate owner (CEO) is negatively related to internationalization, while other family members are positively related, demonstrating the heterogeneous behavior of family members. The study suggests that the ultimate owner (CEO) tends to avoid risks associated with internationalization, while other family members are willing to take risks. To better understand the various risk behaviors of family firms regarding internationalization, the inherent heterogeneity of family firms, particularly in light of different risk behaviors between the ultimate owner (CEO) and other family members, may explain the inconsistent results in studies on the effect of family ownership on internationalization.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.177-217
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to classify the types of internationalization strategies utilized by Korean ventures and to examine whether there is a significant relationship between these types and internationalization performances. Specifically we tested whether there is a good feasibility through empirical analysis of the study model constructed through the following process. As a criterion of typification, the capability of international entrepreneurship and the capability of effectuation of a venture were chosen, and a model in which those three types exist based on the capabilities is established. The characteristics of each type and the contents of internationalization strategy are explained and empirical analysis is conducted. We also test whether there are significant differences in internationalization performance for each type. As a result of the cluster analysis, we concluded that there are three types : pioneer, careful preparation and passive response. In addition, these three types have significant differences in the levels of performances of reputation in foreign markets and the accumulation of knowledge in international management. This implies significant differences among the performances of each type of ventures according to their internationalization strategy positions. Therefore, the type of venture should be considered when a venture establishes its internationalization strategy and governments set supporting policy for venture companies.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.101-122
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• 2009

This study examines internationalization determinant factors, motivation and goal of internalization, market entry methods, timing, region, internalization strategy and access method, internationalization performance and success factors, problems and troubles of internalization, and ultimately suggests internalization strategies for domestic venture companies. The study found that interior factors of internationalization determinant factors are characteristics of new firm and technological capabilities while exterior factors include narrow domestic market, industrialization level, competition level, product life cycle, economy of scale, and global network. Motivation was found to include securing and preoccupying market, cost reduction and efficient production through moving of production base, and the necessity of network formation.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.129-162
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• 2013

The purpose of this work is to explore the role of international entrepreneurship(IE) in explaining internationalization process of Korean ventures and to structure the model of IE with the logics of effectuation. The internationalization of entrepreneurial company is regarded as the realization of entrepreneurship which find out and use opportunities across borders in this point of view, and the realization process gets more realistic and applicable to the internationalization of ventures by effectuation. So we constructed the new concepts of the generating-internationalization-outcome capability(GIOC), which is the effectual capability allowing ventures to go international despite their lack of internal resources and experiences. Its sub-capabilities of GIOC are extemporaneous coping capability, perform-resource-in-hand capability and network-use capability. The empirical analyses of the relations among the capabilities and the performances of internationalization are performed in order to prove the rationale of the model, which provides finally significant evidences of the relationships. The key contribution of this study is that it highlights the important role of IE in internationalization of ventures and shows the possible role of effectuation in explaining the realization process of IE.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.116-140
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• 1999

기업의 국제화와 해외시장에서의 마케팅 활동의 진행을 설명하는 점진적 모델은 국제마케팅 전략 변화의 기초가 되는 국제시장에서의 몰입수준의 변화가 증분적으로 진화한다고 보고 있다. 그러나 이 모델은 자체적으로도 여러 문제점을 안고 있으며 최근 정보기술의 발달에 의한 인터넷환경에서 과거의 점진적 모델이 그대로 적용가능한가에 대해서는 재고할 필요가 있다. 새로운 인터넷 환경하에서는 과거의 영향요인들은 이제 더 이상 제약 내지 위협 요인으로서 작용하지 않게 된다. 자원이 적은 기업도 국제화를 빠른 시간에 진전시킬 수 있으며 시장 선택, 시장 확장, 진입 시기 및 방식에 있어서 인터넷을 중요한 수단으로 이용하여 국제화의 몰입수준을 높일 수 있다. 정보가 중요한 상황에서는 자원보유의 유무보다도 정보를 이용해 자원을 동원할 수 있고 이를 국제마케팅에 적극 활용하는 것이 기업의 국제화의 성패를 결정하는 요인이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.241-263
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• 2008

Since the outsourcing logistics business has been an emerging opportunities for many new service providers entering into such an ever-changing technology, knowledge and logistics market, it has resulted into a price-sensitive and high competition industry. In order to sharpen the global competitive power of the information-contents business in this severe environment, this research is engaged in meeting the following purposes: 1. well position the outsourcing logistics services in the logistics business industry 2. articulate the business model to compete in the outsourcing logistics services market, Information-contents industry. 3. propose a competitive strategy for a outsourcing logistics services provider to grow the information-contents business. This research report could also serve as a framework for the other logistics and the outsourcing services companies to plan out their competitive strategies of information-contents industry. For new comers to join the same market, it will be also helpful in positioning their services and making business decisions in a holistic view.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.285-305
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• 2015

In the era of creative economy emphasizing creativity and entrepreneurship, the Korean small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) never ignore them. Especially, firms, that would like to penetrate into international markets and hence survive in them, must have creativity and entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, little study has been studied the casual relationships of the variables comprehensively. Therefore, based on small and medium-sized exporters, this study would like to investigate empirically the relationships among the creativity, the entrepreneurship, and the level of internationalization. According to the research results, firstly, creativity has positive and significant effects on entrepreneurship. Moreover, entrepreneurship has a positive and significant effect on the level of internationalization. Finally, it was found that entrepreneurship partially mediated the relationships between the creativity and the level of internationalization. These results implied that creativity and entrepreneurship can play a pivotal role in improving the level of internationalization.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2012

This paper explains the contribution of international learning to the business performance through strengthening the international learning capability of the organization. This is consistent with the previous literature that the organization's international experience is an important determinant of the international performance and the learning capability, strengthened through organizational learning, contributes to the business performance. In addition, this paper analyzes the characteristics of international learning of a venture business, which has actively pursued internationalization, by categorizing exploitation and exploration. An important result is that the small-sized venture firm, which is weak in internal resources compared with large firms, utilizes partner network more actively to accumulate international experience by exploration. We can then confirm that this international experience strengthens learning capability and gives positive effects on the business performance.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.1-21
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• 2023

This study investigates the effect of internationalization speed and scope on the performance in Korean SMEs. Through empirical regression analysis, the following results were identified. both the time-based speed of internationalization and the scope of internationalization by a geographical perspective have significant positive impacts on international performance. This implies that the earlier and wider in global market expansion, the more positive the effect on performance. It was also confirmed that the scope has a significantly greater effect on international performance than speed, which suggests that the geographical national scope is more meaningful for international performance than the initial foreign market entry speed. In addition, the characteristics of the CEO's international experience strengthened the positive relationship between internationalization speed and performance. In conclusion, it means that the internationalization speed and the scope after foreign market entry should be managed in a balanced way to enhance the level of SMEs internationalization.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.199-221
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• 2018

The internationalization of venture firms is of importance resulting from the increased opportunities as well as the entry barriers faced in this process. This study is to investigate barrier factors affecting Korean venture firms' internationalization. Among these factors, we measured relative weights using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Literatures regarding global firm's internationalization was reviewed, and barriers were classified environment, corporate and CEO barriers. Multiple variables were used in order to measure their relative significance. We surveyed executives of venture firms comprising two groups: first, 15 global venture firms, and secondly, gradually internationalizing firms. The two groups show contradictory results as environment barriers are the primary for born-global ventures and corporate barriers are the primary for gradually internationalizing ventures. Concerning corporate barriers, the lack of marketing capability is the highest barrier for both groups. The CEO barrier is the lowest for both groups. Regarding corporate barriers, gradually internationalizing ventures considers the risk of business as highest, whereas born-global ventures features the lack of R&D capacity as highest Results of this paper imply that firms should consider priority and sequential approaches in facing environment, corporate and CEO barriers.