• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2019

This study focuses on (1) the relationship between the network intensity of top managers and the R&D investment of Korean firms, and (2) the moderating effects of the type (related-division vs. unrelated-division) and system (physical division vs. spin-offs) of corporate division on this relationship. The sample of this study was all type and/or system of corporate division implemented by Korean firms during 18-years (1999-2016) study periods. The results of multiple regression analyses as follow. First, as was expected in hypothesis 1 the network intensity of top managers has a strong positive linear relation with the R&D investment of Korean firms. Second, regarding the moderating effect of division type the results show that related-divisions significantly intensify the positive relationship of the network intensity of top managers with the R&D of Korean firms although unrelated-divisions did not. Third, in the analysis of moderating effect of corporate division system the results present the stronger positive moderating effect of spin-offs rather than physical divisions. The findings of the study implies that strong network intensity of top managers can be beneficial to long-term decision such as R&D investment of Korean firms. They accords to network theory that emphasize the importance of strong network effect among top managers based on their trust. The findings also implies that researchers and practitioners should consider organizational-level factors such as organizational structure, culture, corporate governance, etc as well as individual-level factors such as the characteristics and relationships of organizational members when making the decision for firm.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

This study examined whether divided and spun-off companies design and execute spin-offs to minimize tax burdens by analyzing multiple spin-off transactions in the Dongbu Group, when the Korean tax law regarding corporate restructuring was amended in July 2010. Before the July 2010 tax amendment, taxes on the capital gains arising from the qualifying spin-off were deferred to the earlier of the shares in or assets acquired by the spun-off company are disposed. This tax treatment relieves the divided company's tax burden by deferring taxes on capital gains, compared with non-qualifying spin-offs. However, if shares in or assets acquired by the spun-off company are disposed after the July 2010 tax amendment, the capital gain incurred at the time of the qualifying spin-off would be taxed again at the spun-off company, in addition to a taxation on the divided company's capital gains. This creates double taxation implications for the parties involved in the spin-off. As a result, the double taxation may outweigh the benefit from the tax deferral on the qualifying spin-off, which may make a qualifying spin-off tax unfavorable. Among the four spin-off cases in the Dongbu Group addressed in this study, a spin-off occurred before the tax amendment, whereas three spin-offs occurred after the tax amendment. Initially, we expected that the spin-off before the tax amendment would be a qualifying spin-off, and the other three spin-offs would be non-qualifying spin-offs, considering the taxation rules before and after the July 2010 tax amendment. However, based on the review of summarized balance sheets disclosed in the spin-offs' corporate filings, no capital gains arose during the four spin-offs that occurred in the Dongbu Group. Therefore, we concluded that the Dongbu Group considered non-tax factors more than tax factors while designing and executing the spin-offs. The local media posited during this period that these spin-offs may intend to resolve financial issues in the Dongbu Group, and this analysis was supported by the fact that some shares in the new spun-off companies were sold by the Dongbu Group. Our case studies provide evidence that all costs, including both tax and non-tax costs, must be considered in the course of spin-offs, in addition to the tax burdens on all parties involved in the corporate restructuring, which parallels the work of Scholes et al. (2008). This study provides implications that various aspects should be considered and reviewed in advance when the management makes decisions for effective tax planning.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.92-104
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• 2014

CM services have been increasingly practiced over the two decades in the Korean construction industry, and recent efforts focus on further development in advanced CM capabilities and expansion to overseas market. However, there has been lack of holistic research to investigate current status and future direction of CM industry in Korea. In this context, the purposes of this study are 1) to analyze current status of Korean CM industry in terms of owners, market, CM firms, contracts, and work scopes, 2) to define different types of CM practices, and 3) to propose growth models for Korean CM firms based on the defined CM project types. An extensive literature review and statistical analysis of 2012 CM contracts were performed in order to analyze the CM status. Based on the analyses, ten different CM types are defined, and growth paths of CM firms are illustrated. Implications and lessons learned during the statistical analysis and workshops are briefly introduced as well.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2022

Recently, research has been actively conducted on the technology of inspection facilities through image-based analysis assessment of human-inaccessible facilities. This research was conducted to study the conditions of deep learning-based imaging data on bridges and to develop an evaluation prototype program for bridges. To develop a deep learning-based bridge damage detection prototype, the Semantic Segmentation model, which enables damage detection and quantification among deep learning models, applied Mask-RCNN and constructed learning data 5,140 (including open-data) and labeling suitable for damage types. As a result of performance modeling verification, precision and reproduction rate analysis of concrete cracks, stripping/slapping, rebar exposure and paint stripping showed that the precision was 95.2 %, and the recall was 93.8 %. A 2^nd performance verification was performed on onsite data of crack concrete using damage rate of bridge members.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-65
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• 2009

As a number of people using the internet for their shopping steadily rises, it is increasingly important for retailers to understand why consumers decide to buy products via online or offline. The main purpose of this study is to develop and test a model that enhance our understanding of how consumers respond future online and offline channels for their purchasing. Rather than merely adopting statistical models like most other studies in this field, the present study develops a model that combines double-cohort method with multinomial logit model. It is desirable if one can adopt an overall encompassing criterion in the study of consumer behaviors form diverse sales channels. This study uses the concept of cohort or aging to enable this comparison. It enables us to analyze how consumers respond to online and offline channels as people aged by measuring their shopping behavior for an online and offline retailers and their subsequent purchase intentions. Based on some empirical findings, this study concludes with policy implications and some necessary fields of future studies desirable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2014.01a
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• pp.283-286
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 카메라형 OCR (Optical Character Reader) 기술을 이용해 오프라인 중고서점의 효율적 장서관리 시스템을 구축하기 위한 디지털 데이터화 관리시스템 방안을 제안한다. OCR은 광학적으로 인식할 수 있는 문자를 컴퓨터가 읽을 수 있도록 하는 기술이다. 원리적으로 문자 한 개를 수십 개의 모눈으로 분할해 특정한 모눈의 흑백 또는 자획형상 특징에 의해 문자를 판독한다. 이 논문에서는 OCR 기술을 활용함으로써 디지털 데이터화의 효과는 물론 적용 환경의 개선효과를 기대해 볼 수 있는 오프라인 중고서점 시장을 목표로 했다. 오프라인 중고서점에서 보유하고 있는 장서의 디지털 데이터화는 기업형 중고서점과의 경쟁에 있어서도 생존을 위해 필요한 요소이다. 카메라형 OCR 기술을 활용한 장서 디지털 데이터화는 오프라인 중고서점 판매자가 도서재고 검색 및 판매 관리 효율을 높이도록 도와줄 뿐 아니라, 도서판매 유형, 소비자 분석과 수요 예측을 가능하게 한다. 또한 소비자에게 오프라인 중고서점에서 보유하고 있는 희귀 장서와 중고서적들을 검색해 구입할 수 있는 편의를 제공할 것이다. 오프라인 중고서점 판매를 촉진하고 활성화시킨다면 출판의 선순환적 구조를 만드는 데 기여할 것으로 예상된다.