• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2020

In recent years, universities, with their intellectual properties and human resources, become main drivers for technology transfer. Universities in Korea have various organizations to support the technology transfer and commercialization. Among them, a technology holding company plays the critical role to successfully implement the task. Nonetheless, the performance of the technology holding company is well below the expectation of industry, government and universities themselves. The lack of expertises and experience together with the ill-suited government policies could be attributable to the observed under performance. More recently, however, the technology holding company acts as an accelerator or venture capital to search and fund promising start-ups. The university venture capital thus transforms a traditional university into an entrepreneurial university. Focusing on the role of the technology holding company as an accelerator or venture capital, the paper analyzes the characteristics of the university venture capital and the invested start-ups. The performance of the university venture capital is measured and the determinants of the performance are empirically tested. The results show that the co-investment of outside investors and the support of government program, known as Tech Incubator Program for Startup Korea, yields the highest performance. The result indicates that the coordination of the university venture capital, industry and government is the key to the success of early start-ups. The paper is the first to analyze the performance of the university venture capitals in Korea and thus contributes to the literature.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.93-104
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• 2019

The entrepreneurship can be a source of national growth potential as behavioral tendencies of people who seek innovation, take risks of failure, and proactively respond to opportunities. In particular, in the economic situation of Korea where growth has been stagnated, it is necessary to strengthen the entrepreneurship of women which is relatively lower than men's in order to activate the start-up and economic participation of the whole people. In this regard, this study focuses not only on gender differences in entrepreneurship but also on the hidden impact of social contexts that cause gender differences in entrepreneurship. Specifically, this study examined the moderating effects of childbirth, a factor that reflects the social context of Korea in the relationship between gender and entrepreneurship. According to the results of the model that includes the interaction effect of these variables in addition to the independent effects of gender and childbirth, the gender effect disappeared, while the significant effect of both the childbirth variable and the interaction variable of gender and childbirth were confirmed. Furthermore, according to additional analysis, which identified the differences in entrepreneurship by creating four types of treatment groups based on gender and childbirth status, entrepreneurship was significantly lower in the 'female and childbirth' group than in all other groups. The difference between the remaining treatment groups was not statistically significant. These results indicate that differences in entrepreneurship levels between men and women overlap not with the unique trait of men and women, but with the social contextual effects of Korea, where women are under the full burden of childbirth and parenting. This study suggests implications that effective policy measures to promote women's entrepreneurship or economic activity should be taken by taking into account the social context of Korea that suppresses women's entrepreneurial behavior.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.175-183
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• 2023

This study examined the effect of college students' financial literacy and financial management behavior on entrepreneurial awareness and the mediating effect of entrepreneurship. To this end, a survey was conducted targeting university students in Busan and Gyeongnam area, A total of 207 responses were verified using SPSS 28.0 as a sample. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that financial literacy and financial management behavior had a positive effect on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial awareness. Entrepreneurship was found to have a positive mediating effect between financial literacy and entrepreneurial awareness, financial management behavior and entrepreneurial awareness. As financial literacy improves, it leads to desirable financial management behavior, increases the potential to make more financially knowledgeable and responsible economic decisions, and increases the will to achieve future financial goals. The results of this study suggest that financial literacy and entrepreneurship education are very important during college education in order for potential entrepreneurs to recognize and promote entrepreneurship.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2013

Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur or one who undertakes innovations or introducing new things, finance and business in an effort to transform innovations into economic benefits. This result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses, or startup company. However, in recent years, the term has been extended to include social and political forms of entrepreneurial activity. Interest in the entrepreneurship education has increased significantly in now. The 61 universities made the entrepreneurship education center in the four year university and college through the government LINC program. We need the questions about the what, who and why for entrepreneurship education. Kauffman Campus Initiative(KCI) guide us to the direction of the entrepreneurship center for the future. The considerations are as follows; what is center's managerial structure, what kind of program and activities is provided, what is factors to be interested, participated in the education, how can be sustainable entrepreneurial center?. This study provide four implicit for the centers. More broad definition of entrepreneurship for the education, diverse textbook and subjects for the entrepreneurship, coach development for the teaching, and the sustainable leadership.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 2018

The area of agriculture and fisheries business are expanding according to changes in the agriculture and fisheries environment. For the direction of long-term practical field training of department of Agriculture and Fisheries Business, which is a newly created department of Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, production as well as other areas must be reviewed. The original long-term practical field training and the direction of selecting a long-term practical field training appropriate for the new department reviewed in this study are as follow. First, the original long-term practical field training can be summarized as single product-focused management, inadequate connection of production-processing-service areas, and individuality-focused management. However, a case management that sees new value creation as a basis of agricultural development can be summarized as diversification of value creation, horizontal integration, entrepreneurial management through corporate management, and leading management for regional revitalization through connecting local agricultural. Therefore, the direction of selecting the new department's long-term practical field training requires seeking of value creation management through horizontal integration, exploration of agricultural businessmen who have entrepreneurship needed to create added value in agriculture, and a way to connect to the original production-centered long-term practical field training.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.109-118
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• 2019

기업가정신이 기업의 혁신 및 국가 경제발전에 중요한 역할을 한다는 인식이 높아지면서 기업가정신교육도 전 세계적으로 확산되고 있는 추세이다(Katz, 2003; Kurako, 2005). 한국 정부는 '창의인재양성'이라는 교육정책 목표로 기업가정신교육 예산이 증가시키고 있으며, 교육 대상자도 대학생 및 성인 대상을 중심에서 중 고등학생으로까지 확장하고 있는 실정이다. 기업가정신교육은 창업가적 스킬을 발전시키고 진로선택에 있어서 도움을 주는 것을 목적으로 하고 있으나(Linan, 2004), 다수의 기관에서는 저마다의 기업가정신에 대한 정의 및 운영방식을 적용되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 일반적으로 대학수준의 프로그램에서는 교육의 효과성을 창업의도(Entrepreneurial Intention)로 측정하고 있지만, 사회에 진출하기에 이른 시기인 청소년에게 그 지표를 그대로 적용하는 것은 적절하지 않다는 비판이 제기되고 있다. 이에 따라, 본 연구에서는 한국에서 운영되고 있는 대표적인 2개의 청소년 기업가정신교육기관의 커리큘럼을 분석하여 청소년에게 적합한 효과성 지표를 제시하고, 두 프로그램의 효과성 결과를 비교분석하여 향후 청소년 기업가정신교육의 발전방안에 대해 제시하였다.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.481-500
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• 2009

This paper investigates the Moderating effect of entrepreneurship on the relationship between market orientation and international performance in Korean Ventures. Literature revealed that an appropriate alignment between firm strategic orientation and market positioning is critical because of its impact on firm performance. The alignment is especially crucial for SMEs as a result of their limited resource base. However, studies have not adequately accounted for the joint effect of entrepreneurship and market orientation on firm performance in different environments as foreign markets. Drawing upon a sample of 217 internationalized Korean Venture Business, it presents evidence related to mainly moderating effects of entrepreneurship on market orientation-international performance. The Key conclusion from the evidence is that market orientation, alone and in conjunction with certain entrepreneurship dimensions, is positively related to firm international performance. More specifically innovativeness and proactiveness have positively moderated the relationship between market orientation and international performance in Korean Ventures.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.695-706
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to establish entrepreneurship(risk taking, proactiveness, innovativeness), entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention as a structural equation model to confirm the entrepreneurial intention of university students. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, 449 students from 3 university students in Gyeonggi-do were studied, and data analysis was conducted with SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 statistical programs. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows: First, Among university students' entrepreneurship, proactiveness was not statistically significant to entrepreneurial intention but, risk taking and innovativeness have been identified as having a direct impact. Second, University students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy directly affects entrepreneurial intention. Third, risk taking and innovativeness were statistically significant, but proactiveness was not affected. Finally, through the mediating of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, risk taking effects were fully sold to entrepreneurial intention, and innovativeness was partially sold to entrepreneurial intention. Based on the results of this study, the way to enhance university students' entrepreneurial intention is to develop programs that can improve their entrepreneurial self-efficacy and apply them actively to university education. In particular, university students need mentoring support from on-site entrepreneurial experts and internship education support to increase risk taking and innovativeness as prospective founders. The government can lead to entrepreneurial behavior when economic and institutional support precedes university students to recover from their initial entrepreneur.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

Innovation and Scale-up of Start-up companies are becoming important national tasks. In the past, it was spread the start-up policy paradigm such as 'Start-up America', 'Start-up Chile', 'Start-up Britain' to overcome the recession globally. However as the economic recovery has become more visible recently in advanced economies, it is shifting from a start-up support policy to a scale-up oriented policy paradigm such as 'Scale-up America', Scale-up UK', 'Scale-up Denmark'. It is necessary to enter the scale-up phase beyond the start-up phase to increase the number of high-quality jobs and to continue economic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to grow the start-up into a strong medium-sized company and to lay the foundation for survival. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to consider the antecedent factors that influence the scale-up aspiration for the start-up firm to grow into a scale-up company, and empirically identifies the differences between the stages of economic development and entrepreneurs in the country. In order to accomplish the purpose, this study predicted scale-up by aspiration which is a predictor of scale-up behavior because it is difficult to achieve visible growth in a short period of time due to the characteristics of start-up companies. In order to empirically explore these relationships, the data were collected from nascent entrepreneurs who have less than 3.5 years of the Adult Population Survey(APS) among the subjects surveyed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor(GEM) and the national economic development stage are divided into Innovation-driven, Efficiency-driven, Factor-driven type economies. For the test hypotheses, this study adopted the multi-level model analysis for comparison between national economic development stages and using the R 3.5.0 program. The results of this study are as follows. There is difference between the national economic development and the entrepreneur in the relationship between innovation orientation of entrepreneurs and scale-up aspirations. As the economy of the country develops, the innovation activity of the entrepreneur becomes more active. Since start-ups are heavily influenced by entrepreneurs, there is a difference in the degree of aspiration depending on how innovative an entrepreneur is in the same environment. In terms of the relationship between innovation orientation and scale-up aspiration, the fear of failure was found to differ between national economic development and entrepreneurs. The fear of failure differ from country to country, and this is one of the important factors affecting entrepreneurial activities. It is expected that the factors influencing the growth of the start-up companies which are identified through the results of these studies, will be used to create a suitable scale-up ecosystem according to the national economic development stage.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.49-58
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• 2018

In recent years, various studies have been carried out on various types of entrepreneurship and comparative activities according to policy efforts and support such as the activation of a bachelor's degree in the establishment of a university, and attention has been paid to the fact that the participation and the educational effect of the students may be different depending on the type. The purpose of this study is to investigate entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial intention in the case of experiential entrepreneurship class focusing on the theoretical-oriented general entrepreneurship class, And the effect of entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial intention. The data were collected and empirical analysis was conducted to compare the difference between the two groups. The results of this study are as follows: First, out of the motivation factors of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship education, achievement desire, human network, self - esteem, etc. We can confirm that the motivation of entrepreneurs is recognized more greatly. Second, the entrepreneurship factor was not significantly different from the perception between experiential entrepreneurship lecture and theoretical entrepreneurship learner. Third, experiential entrepreneurship learner perceived more willingness to start business than theoretical entrepreneurship learner. Finally, among the entrepreneurship motivation factors, among the entrepreneurship education, achievement desire and entrepreneurship factor, the risk sensitivity affects the entrepreneurial will. This study suggests that the direction of entrepreneurial education focused on quantitative expansion and the creation of qualitative effects of entrepreneurship education are needed. In the future, it will provide policy implications for revitalizing experiential entrepreneurship education In addition, it can contribute to the diffusion of research on the effect of entrepreneurship education.