• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.98-108
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the monumental expression of Korean War Memorials(KWM) in Korea(KWMK). Through site survey and internet searching, the researcher selected 17 KWMK and analyzed four analysis categories: contents, spatial form, landscape elements, sculptures and architectural elements. The results are as follows: 1. The analysis revealed that main contents of KWMK were to cherish victims of the Korean War, honor military merit, and explain Korean War. 2. Most KWMK built battlefield had the form of symmetry and spatial axis arranged monuments and sculptures for solemnity and heroism. Though the sites were terraced by traditional spatial order, spatial sequence wasn't seen except Yang-gu KWMK and Chumomyeongbi in United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Korea. 3. Stone monument-like towers, tablets, podium, monoliths, cenotaphs, and exhibit halls to explain Korean War and combat history were used as main elements of KWMK and also, war weapons were often displayed the flags of countries taking part in Korean War were raised with Taegeukgi and the United Nations flag. 4. Most sculptures were used as important media to represent the Korean War and assumed realistically the form of heroic combat. But a few architectural memorial built in recent were designed in contemporary style to have spatial sequence and represent Korean War symbolically and narratively. 5. In memorial culture, KWMK were strongly influenced by ideology and patriotism, impacted by conventional value, and designed by some sculptors and designers in a certain circle. Further study will be required to analyze the characteristics of KWMK in the point of design style and diachronic.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.66-79
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• 2017

In 2014, a Donghak Peasant Revolution Memorial Park design competition was held with various forms and techniques to convey mourning. This is a process of the reconsideration of memorial projects that are used to stimulate the collective memory and it is a meaningful resource for examining the consciousness of contemporary designers in regards to the memorial designs that are currently under planning in Korea. This study investigated the background of the Donghak commemorative projects that took place at the same site in a timely manner and analyzed the design competition through the existing literature research. Through this, it was seen that the memorial, which was formed by means of past political purposes, has changed into a way to collect various opinions and forms through open design competition. A framework of analysis prepared through multi-layer analysis is daily use, interaction and spontaneity, abstraction, temporality, locality, integration and harmony with surroundings. The results of this study are as follows. First, in order to convey memorial commemoration in everyday life, the projects organized scattered memorial spaces with special characteristics and linked them with daily activities program. Second, the projects used direct participation and emotional experiences to interact with monuments. Third, color, vertical elements, clustering, and park frame manipulation were used for abstract reproduction. Fourth, the projects introduce architecture and furniture that can be changed and plants for temporal change. Fifth, the previous terrain was restored and the setting of the scene was reproduced in order to make the site a space with place. Sixth, to improve the connection with existing monuments, the projects used techniques such as relaxation and the reinforcement of circulation lines and axes. Seventh, a path and a building conforming to the terrain were arranged for harmony with the surroundings.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.18
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• pp.106-136
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• 1988

강원도 영월군 하동면 진별리에 위치한 비공개 석회수식동굴로 영월군 소유로 해발 420m에 위치하고 있으며, 그 수리적 위치는 북위 37$^{\circ}$08' 동경 128$^{\circ}$32'이다. 이 굴은 강원도 지방기념물 제23호로 1976년 6월 17일 지정되어 있으며 그 옛날 용이 도사리고 있었다하여 용담굴이라 부르는데, 인근의 고씨굴, 단종의 유서깊은 장릉, 청령포, 동굴주변의 남한강변 경치등은 이 용담굴과 아울러 좋은 관광자원이 되고 있다.(중략)

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.42
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• pp.15-26
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• 1995

화암동굴은 1980년 2월 16일에 강원도 지방 기념물 33호로 지정, 보호 관리되고 있는 석회동굴이다. 이 동굴의 기본적 학술조사는 1966년 초에 한일 합동 동굴조사대어서 이루어졌으며, 그후 한국동굴보존협회와 한국동굴학회에서 수차례에 걸친 조사가 이루어졌다.(중략)

• Water for future
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.80-84
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• 2014

• Water for future
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.121-122
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• 1998

• 한국관개배수회지
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• no.19
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• pp.26-27
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• 1998

• 한국관개배수회지
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• no.15
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• pp.16-17
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• 1997

• 베이커리
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• no.2 s.415
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• pp.118-122
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• 2003

• Water for future
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 1972