• Korean Business Review
• /
• v.11
• /
• pp.123-148
• /
• 1998

Every purchase involves both the cost of the item and the monetary and nonmonetary secondary costs of shopping, arranging the purchase and getting the purchased item home. Along with the cost of the item secondary costs in time, money and effort can be important determinants of shopper's behavior. Studies of shopper's movements within urban areas suggest there are important differences between shoppers in their willingness to incur the secondary costs of shopping downtown or in distance sections of the city. The purpose of this paper is identifies difference purchase activities between inshoppers and outshoppers. and This paper has two major objectives. (1) It seeks to provide answers to the reasons of the outshbpping based on the findings of a study undertaken in a medium-sized city. (2) It seeks to provide information to the outshopper's characteristics. based on the analysis of the data for consumer's demographic, life style characteristics.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.30-35
• /
• 1985

자동차가 처음 만들어진 당시에는 목적지까지 무사히 도착하는 신뢰성이 중요한 과제가 되었으리 라 생각된다. 무사히 도착되니 다음은 어떻게 하면 빨리 도착할 수 있을까하는 요구에서 고속화 즉 기관의 고출력화가 이루어졌다. 자동차의 편리함이 인식되고 또 보급됨에 따라 자동차가 주 위한경에 미치는 영향이 문제가 되어 1960년대 후반부터 자동차배출가스규제가 시작되고 이어서 소음규제가 실시되어 점차 강화되고 있다. 1973년부터 시작된 석유위기이래 자동차의 석유사용 량을 저감시키는 목적으로 미국에서는 연비규제가 실시되기에 이르렀고 다른 국가들도 거기에 따르고 있다. 미국의 1975년 에너지정책, 보존법(Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 )은 1974년의 평균연비 14mile/gallon을 1985년까지는 약 2배의 27.5mile/gallon까지 높이고자 하는 것이다. 가까운 일본에서도 약 35%정도 향상되고 있는 실정이다. 자동차의 저연비특성은 제품기능으로 점차 중요시되는 동시에 국가차원에서는 석유에너지절약의 한 방편으로 사회적으 로도 해결하여야할 입장에 이르렀다. 이 에너지 절약 문제는 자동차의 소형화를 포함한 국제 적인 자동차 재개발문제로 발전, 80년대의 신기술개발의 최대과제가 되고 있다. 또 최근의 사용 자의 요구는 운전성, 실용성에 대해서도 까다롭고 또 다양화하고 있다. 이들 요구와 엄격한 배 출가스규제 및 소용규제를 만족시키면서 연비저감을 꾀하느것인 만큼 실로 어려운 일임에는 틀 림없다. 여기서는 가솔린기관 승용차의 연비저감을 중심으로 규제의 상황, 연비의 향상기술에 대해서 논하고자 한다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.276-285
• /
• 2005

본 과제에서는 참여기업인 두산인프라코어(구 대우종합기계)에서 양산중인 국산디젤엔진을 개조해 가스엔진을 제작하였으며, 두산인프라코어에서 500시간 내구시험을 2차례 실시하였고, 주관기관인 한국기계연구원에서 국산 ECU를 활용하여 도시가스를 연료로 실험을 수행한 후 김포매립지에서 현장 적용실험을 수행하였다. 메탄농도가 46$\sim$56%로 변하는 조건에서 350kW의 출력을 달성하였으며, 삼원촉매를 적용한 결과 2005년 배기규제를 만족하는 결과를 도출하였다. 위탁기관인 전남대에서는 촉매 특성에 관한 실험을 1차년도와 2차년도에 수행하였다. 본 과제에서 개발한 LFG(=매립지가스) 엔진은 국내에서 개발된 최초의 LFG 엔진으로서 쓰레기 매립지 뿐만 아니라 음식물 쓰레기 혐기소화 처리과정, 분뇨나 축분 등의 혐기소화 처리과정, 하수종말 처리장 등에서 발생하는 바이오가스를 이용한 발전 동력원으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.463-470
• /
• 2007

Each on-board equipment providing navigational and engine information has different signals. These signals should be analyze, be transformed to the standard digital form and be transmitted to each client on board through the earlier developed ILU (integrated LAN unit). Therefore this paper was to analyze the signals of each equipment for navigation and engine and was to use the serial technology necessary for the equipment and IDU (information display unit). And this paper was then to develop an SIU (ship's interface unit) and to test it onboard.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 1986

점차 엄격해지는 요구조건을 만족시켜 주기 위해서는 승용차용 엔진의 실제특성과 운전특성을 지 배하는 설계변수의 조절은 불가피하며, 그중에서도 엔진의 핵심부인 연소질의 설계는 가장 중요 하다. 부분 부하에서의 SI기관의 연료경제성을 향상시키는 가장 좋은 방법이 압축비를 상승시 키는 것이므로, 앞으로의 여소실은 고압축비에서도 옥탄가가 높은 연료를 요구하는 성향을 낮 추는 특성을 갖고 있어야 한다. 새로운 엔진의 향상을 최적화하기 위하여는 quench area의 크 기와 위치 그리고 적절한 quench distance의 성질이 중요하며, 또한 연소실의 소형화, 스파크 플러크의 위치, 표면적/체적의 비 그리고 화염전파거리등도 고려에 넣어야 한다. 승용차용 엔진의 요구조건은 연소실을 피스톤 크라운에 위치시키는 용이한 방법을 통하여 해결될 수 있으며, 이 러한 형상의 연소실은 실린더 헤드에 장치한 연소실과 비교하여 다음과 같은 장점을 갖고 있다. - 스파크 플러그 주변에 연소실을 배치하기 쉽다. - 연소실 내에 quench area의 설정이 자유롭다. - 연소실 layout의 개조없이 압축비의 설정이 자유롭다. - 연소실의 조합이 간단하다. - 실린더벽으로의 열손실이 감소되어 열효율이 증대된다. - 공연비의 희박가능한계가 크다. - EGR성능이 향상되어 NOx 의 배출과 연료소비율이 감소된다. - 필요하다면 연소실실 또는 직접분사식 Diesel 기관으로서의 개조가 간단하다. 만약 생산단가가 크게 상승하지 않는다면, NOx의 배출과 연료소비율이 작으면서도, 비출력이 큰 4-밸브 연소실이 실용화 될 전망이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.139-146
• /
• 2006

Each on-board equipment providing navigational and engine information has different signals. These signals should be analyzed, be transformed to the standard digital form and be transmitted to each client on board through the earlier developed ILU (integrated LAN unit). Therefore this paper is to analyze the signals of each equipment for navigation and engine and the serial technology necessary for the equipment and IDU (information display unit), and then develop an SIU(ship's interface unit).

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.459-466
• /
• 2012

The accurate engine output is basically one of important factors for the analysis of engine performance. Nowadays in-cylinder pressure analysis in internal combustion engine is also an indispensable tool for engine research and development, environment regulation and maintenance of engine. Here, it is essential more than anything else to find the correct TDC(Top Dead Center) position for the accuracy of engine output for diesel engine. Therefore this study is to analyze affecting factors to TDC position in 2-stroke large low speed engine and to suggest new method for determining correct TDC position. In the previous paper, it was mentioned that the accuracy of engine output is influenced by the determination of exact TDC position, and that 'Angle based sampling' method is better than 'Time based sampling' method in terms of precision. It was confirmed that there is 'Loss of angle', which is a difference between compression pressure peak and real TDC caused by heat loss and blow by of gas leakage. Consequently we invented new method, called "An improved method of time based sampling", which can obtain the correct engine output. The results by this method with compensating loss of angle was shown the same result by the 'Angle based sampling' method in encoder setting cylinder. This study is to suggest the new measuring method of exact engine output, and to examnine the reliance on the outcome.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2007

[ $CO_2$ ] laser sees that is most suitable to get this effect through minimum formation damage and advantage that is root enemy of effect that happen in minimum cellular tissue depth of 0.1mm is stable living body organization or internal organs institution. Formation damage by ten can be related in formation's kind or energy density, length of evaporation time. If shorten evaporation time, surroundings cellular thermal damage 200 - because happen within 400um laser beam in rain focus sacred ground surroundings cellular tissue without vitiation me by evaporation Poe of very small floor as is clean steam can . Application is possible to vulva cuticle cousins by a paternal aunt quantity, uterine cancer, cuticle tumor by laser system that $CO_2$ laser gets into standard in obstetrics and gynecology application. Because effect that super pulse output is ten enemies of laser if uniformity one pulse durations are short almost is decreased, most of all pulse module special quality of Pulse style $CO_2$ laser for obstetrics and gynecology mode stabilization by weight very, in this research to get into short pulse duration and higher frequency density, do switching by high frequency in DC-DC Converter output DC's ripple high frequency to be changed, high frequency done current ripple amount of condenser for output filter greatly reduce can . Ripple of output approximately to Zero realization applying possible inductor realization through a special quality experiment do.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.303-317
• /
• 2020

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) is an innovative treatment in chronic musculoskeletal pain management and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we surveyed the acoustic shock wave outputs from the domestically used focal type ESWT devices. The survey data were collected through 30 technical documents registered to the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), Rep. Korea. The results show that the focusing geometry varies largely, 5 mm to 65 mm in the focal length, 3 mm to 30 mm in focal width, and 4 mm to 108 mm in focal depth. The maximum positive pressure (P+) ranges from 7 MPa to 280 MPa, the focal Energy Flux Density (EFD) from 0.0035 mJ/㎟ to 35 mJ/㎟, and the energy per pulse (E) from 0.737 mJ to 80.86 mJ. All domestic PE-type (five) and one EM-type domestic devices included in the analysis of the correlation between P+ and EFD are shown to be far beyond the usual ranges and do not comply with expected correlation so that the reliability of their data was suspected. For the suspected, post-performance tests are required by a recognized testing agency. MFDS guidelines need to be revised so that the pass criteria for the shock wave acoustic outputs can be based on the clinical tests for indications.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2011

This study was realized the home network system for home care by bio-physical sensor system, to convey for the remote physical signal. The composition condition has four functions of displacement point for a Vision, Somatosensory, Vestibular and CNS that the basic measurement used to a Heart Rate, Temperature, Weight. Physical signal are decided to search a max and min point with adjustment of 0.01 unit in the reference level. There were checked physical condition of body balance to compounded a physical neuroceptor of sensory organ for the measurement such as a Vision, Somatosensory, Vestibular, CNS, BMI. There are to check a health care condition through a combination of physical organ with a posturography of a exercise. The service of home network system can be used to support health care management system through health assistants in health care center and central health care system. It was expected to monitor a physical parameter for the remote control health management system.