• Title/Summary/Keyword: 기계적물성

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핵융합로용 플라즈마 대향부품 개발을 위해 제작된 텅스텐/FM강 HIP 접합 목업의 수명 평가 해석

  • Lee, Dong-Won;Sin, Gyu-In;Kim, Seok-Gwon;Jin, Hyeong-Gon;Lee, Eo-Hwak;Yun, Jae-Seong;Mun, Se-Yeon;Hong, Bong-Geun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2014.02a
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    • pp.452-452
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    • 2014
  • 블랑켓 일차벽이나 디버터와 같은 핵융합로 플라즈마 대향부품은 플라즈마로부터 입사되는 중성자 및 입자들을 차폐하여 구조물을 보호하고, 발생열을 에너지로 변환하기 위해 냉각재를 활용한 열제거 기능을 담당한다. 특히, 고속중성자와 입사 열부하 및 여러 입자들로부터 블랑켓 및 내부 구조물을 보호하기 위해 차폐체와 구조물로 구성된다. 세계적으로 차폐체로서는 텅스텐 혹은 텅스텐 합금, 구조물용 재료로는 저방사화 Ferritic Martensitic (FM) 강이 유력한 후보재료로 개발, 연구 중에 있다. 국내에서는 국제핵융합로(ITER) 사업을 통해 고온등방가압(HIP, Hot Isostatic Pressing)을 이용한 이종금속간 접합기술과 한국형 저방사화 고온구조재료인 ARAA (Advanced Reduced Activation Alloy)가 개발되고 있으며, 이를 활용한 설계, 접합법 개발, 제작목업의 건전성 평가 등이 수행되고 있다. 한국원자력연구원에서는 핵융합 기초사업의 일환으로 전북대와 공동으로 수행 중인 건전성 평가체계 개발을 위해, 기 개발된 접합법을 활용한 $45mm(H){\times}45mm(W){\times}2mm(T)$의 W/FM강 목업을 제작한 바 있으며, 이를 국내 구축된 고열부하 시험 장비인 KoHLT-EB (Electron Beam)를 활용한 고열부하 인가 건전성 평가시험을 준비 중에 있다. 이종금속간 접합 특성은 기계적 평가를 위한 파괴시험을 통해 검증, 이를 활용한 목업이 제작되었으며, 제작된 목업에 대한 초음파를 이용한 접합면의 비파괴 검사를 통해 결함이 없음을 확인하였다. 최종적으로 실제 사용되는 핵융합 운전조건과 유사 혹은 가혹한 조건에서 고열부하를 인가하여, 그 건전성을 평가가 이루어질 것이다. 고열부하 시험을 위해서는 냉각조건, 인가 열부하, 수명평가를 통한 반복 고열부하 인가 횟수 등이 사전에 결정되어야 한다. 이를 위해 상업용 열수력, 구조해석 코드인 ANSYS-CFX와 -mechanical을 이용한 시험조건 모의 및 수명 평가가 수행되었다. 구축 장비의 냉각계통을 고려하여 냉각수의 온도 및 속도는 $25^{\circ}C$, 0.15 kg/sec로, 열부하는 0.5 및 $1.0MW/m^2$에 대해 모의를 수행하였다. 정상상태 시 텅스텐의 최대 온도는 각 열부하 조건에 따라 $285.3^{\circ}C$$546.8^{\circ}C$였으며, 이에 도달하는 시간을 구하기 위해 천이해석을 수행하였고, 이를 통해 30초에 최대온도 95 %이상의 정상상태 온도에 도달함을 확인하였다. 또한, 목업의 초기 온도에 도달하는 냉각시간도 동일한 천이해석을 통해 30초로 가능함을 확인하였고, 최종 시험 조건을 30초 가열, 30초 냉각으로 결정하였다. 결정된 반복 열부하 인가 조건에서 이종금속 접합체가 받는 다른 열팽창 정도에 따른 응력을 계산하여 목업의 수명을 도출하였고, 이를 시험해야 할 반복 횟수로 결정하였다. 각 열부하 조건에 따른 온도조건을 ANSYS-mechanical 코드를 활용하여 열팽창과 이에 따른 접합면의 응력분포로 계산하였다. 0.5 및 $1.0MW/m^2$에 대해, 목업이 받는 최대 응력은 334.3 MPa와 588.0 MPa 였으며, 이 때 텅스텐과 FM강이 받는 strain을 도출하여 물성치로 알려진 cycle to failure 값을 도출하였다. 열부하에서 예상되는 수명은 0.5 및 $1.0MW/m^2$에 대해, 100,000 사이클 이상과 2,655 사이클로 계산되었으며, 시간적 제약을 고려 최종 평가는 $1.0MW/m^2$에 대해, 3,000사이클 정도의 실험을 통해 그 수명까지 접합건전성이 유지되는 지 실험을 통해 평가할 예정이다.

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Effect of Acrylic Acid on the Physical Properties of UV-cured Coating Films for Metal Coating (금속코팅용 광경화 코팅필름의 물성에 대한 아크릴산(Acrylic acid)의 영향)

  • Seo, Jong-Chul;Choi, Jun-Suk;Jang, Eui-Sung;Seo, Kwang-Won;Han, Hak-Soo
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.75-82
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    • 2011
  • Five different composition UV-cured poly(urethane acrylate-co-acrylic acid) (PU-co-AA) films have been prepared by reacting isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI), polycaprolactone triol(PCLT), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate(HEA), and different weight ratio trimethylolpropane triacrylate(TMPTA) and acrylic acid(AA) as diluents, and characterized using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR). The adhesion properties onto the stainless steel, morphology, mechanical hardness, and electrical property of UV-cured PU-co-AA films were investigated as a function of acrylic acid(AA) content. All the PU-co-AA films are structure-less and the molecular ordering and packing density decreased with increasing content of AA due to the flexible structure and -COOH side chains in AA. The crosscut test showed that PU-co-AA films without AA and with low content of AA showed 0% adhesion(0B) and the adhesion of PU-co-AA films in the range of 40-50% AA increased dramatically as the content of AA increases. The pull-off measurements showed that the adhesion force of PU-co-AA films to stainless steel substrate varied from 6 to 31 kgf /$cm^2$ and increased linearly with increasing AA content. The mechanical hardness also decreased as the content of AA increases. This may come from relatively linear and flexible structure in AA and low crystallinity in PU-co-AA films with higher content of AA. The higher AA-containing PU-co-AA films showed higher dielectric constant due to the increase of polarization by introducing AA monomer. In conclusion, the physical properties of UV-cured PU-co-AA films are strongly dependent upon the content of AA and the incorporation of AA in polyurethane acrylate is very useful way to increase the adhesion strength of UV-curable polymers on the stainless steel substrate.

The Effect of Microbial Transglutaminase on Textural and Sensory Properties of Noodles Mixed with Rice Flour (미생물유래 Transglutaminase 첨가가 쌀가루 혼합분 반죽과 조리면의 조직감 및 관능특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Shin, Weon-Sun;Seo, Hee-Sun;Woo, Gun-Jo;Jeong, Yong-Seob
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.34 no.9
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    • pp.1434-1442
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    • 2005
  • The Present study was attempted to investigate the Possibility of modification of functional properties of the rice flour by crosslinking proteins using microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) derived from a variant of Streptoverticillium sp. MTGase was added at various levels (3,000, 5,000, 7,000 and 10,000 ppm) during making noodles mixed with the rice flour. Mixograph and farinograph showed that imported wheat flour (IWF) had strong dough stability, while the rice flour showed very weak dough strength. However addition of mTGase (3,000, 5,000 and 7,000 ppm) resulted in improvement of dough stability of the rice flour. Texture profile analysis (TPA) results indicated that most of texture parameters (gumminess, chewiness and hardness) of cooked noodles prepared from the rice flour were significantly lower than those of noodles prepared from IWF. However, by addition of mTGase (at the levels of 3,000, 5,000, 7,000 ppm) dough stability and all the TPA values and sensory score (at the level of 7,000 ppm mTGase) on chewiness and hardness of cooked noodles made with $30\%$ rice flour were improved significantly. These results suggest that dough stability and texture of rice noodles as well as sensory characteristics could be improved by addition of mTGase to the rice flour.

Characteristics of Sintered Bodies Made from the System of Paper Sludge Ash - Fly Ash - Clay (종이재-석탄회-점토계 소지를 이용한 소결체의 특성 연구)

  • Hong, Jin-Ok;Kang, Seung-Gu;Lee, Ki-Gang;Kim, Yoo-Taek;Kim, Young-Jin;Kim, Jung-Hwan;Park, Myoung-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.38 no.10
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    • pp.908-913
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    • 2001
  • Paper sludge Ash (PA) and Fly Ash (FA) wastes are usually land-filled for reclamation or substituted for cements as a resource. It could also offer some advantages when they are substituted for clay to preserve the environment. To recycle those wastes, the sintered specimen made of PA-FA-Clay system were examined to find the microstructure and physical properties. The ratio of clay to wastes was fixed as 30:70 by wt%, while PA to FA within waste portion were varied in the range of $1:6{\sim}7:0$. Those specimens were fired in $1150{\sim}1350^{\circ}C$. It was found that the relative density of sintered specimen was increased with amount of PA added at low sintering temperature (i.e, $1150{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$). This is due to increased amount of liquid during sintering. It is shown, however that at high sintering temperature ($1250{\sim}1350^{\circ}C$), the relative density of specimens was decreased with amount of PA added. This is because of overfiring phenomenon which may be able to induce an inhomogeneous microstructure and increased porosity. The mechanical properties of sintered specimen were depended upon the homogeneity of microstructure in accordance with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and pore size distribution analysis. For example, the compressive strength of 10PA-60FA-30Clay specimen sintered at $1225^{\circ}C$ was twice higher than that of 70PA-30Clay specimen even thought the relative density of those specimen was similar. This decreased strength of 70PA-30Clay specimen appears to be an inhomogeneity of microstructure due to overfiring.

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Quality characteristics of Yanggaeng with Momordica charantia powder (여주 분말을 첨가한 양갱의 품질 특성)

  • Lee, Seon-Ho;Hong, Eun-Jin;Cho, Young-Je
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.335-344
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    • 2015
  • The objective of this study was to determine the rheological characteristics and sensory evaluation of yanggaeng by using the functional properties of Momordica charantia. Dried Momordica charantia was roasted at $180^{\circ}C$ to remove its bitter taste. The results of the study were as follows : The phenolic compound of Momordica charantia was $6.30{\pm}0.17mg/g$ in water extracts, which was the highest extractive rate. The anti-oxidant activity of non-roasted and roasted samples was determined in various phenolic concentrations at $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$. The DPPH activities of non-roasted and roasted Momordica charantia water and ethanol extracts were 74.06~92.71% and 86.06~94.07%, respectively. The ABTS were 36.26~98.03% and 67.02~99.60% in water and ethanol extracts, respectively. The anti-oxidant protection factor of water and ethanol extracts were 2.19~2.25 PF and 2.20~2.36 PF respectively, and TBARS were 13.81~40.97% and 23.32~82.47%, respectively. The anti-oxidant activity of ethanol extracts was higher than that of water extracts at low phenolics concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$, while the roasted sample was higher than the sample that was not roasted. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity of non-roasted Momordica charantia ethanol extracts was higher than that of water extracts, showing that there were increasing pattern depending on the increases in the phenolics concentration of Momordica charantia. The texture, such as hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and color changed in proportion to the concentration of Momordica charantia powder. Moreover sensory characteristics, such as color, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptability of the non-roasted sample changed in proportion to the concentration of Momordica charantia powder. However, in the roasted sample, the sensory characteristics was improved at a lower concentration (below 1%). Thus, when the yanggang was prepared by Momordica charantia powder as a minor ingredient, it would be desirable to add it after roasting, in consideration of its functional and sensory properties, and at appropriate concentration on below 1%.

Preparation and Characteristics of Bread by Medicinal Herb Composites with Immunostimulating Activity (면역활성을 가진 생약복합물을 이용한 빵의 제조 및 특성)

  • Kim, Hee-Suk;Kang, Jin-Soon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.109-116
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    • 2008
  • In this study, the breads with medicinal herbs (MH) composites showing immunostimulating activity were prepared and their characteristics were examined. Fourteen kinds of medicinal herbs were extracted with hot water and divided into 3 groups (MH-1, MH-2, MH-3) based on their contents. All groups showed immunostimulating activity in terms of macrophage phagocytosis, nitrite production, cytostatic activity and cytokine production. In the preparation of breads containing MH extracts of various contents (0, 30, 50, 70, and 100%), there was no significant difference among dough pHs of all groups after first fermentation, but loaf volume was significantly (p<0.05) increased in 70% added group while decreased in 30%, 50%, and 100% added groups compared to the control. The "a" and "b" values of bread crumb increased with the content of MH extracts while "L" value decreased, but these values of bread crust were similar to the control group. Most improvements in hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness of bread were noticed by the addition of 70% MH extracts, but those of springiness, cohesiveness and resilience were mostly by the 50% addition ones. Through the sensory evaluation, it was revealed that mouth feeling, taste and overall preference decreased at breads containing 70% and 100% extracts, although appearance and crumb texture were not significantly (p<0.05) different among all groups.

Fabrication and characteristics of porous ceramics from $ZrTiO_4$ based ceramic material (다공성 $ZrTiO_4$ 재료의 제조 및 특성)

  • Hur, Geun;Myoung, Seong-Jae;Lee, Yong-Hyun;Chun, Myoung-Pyo;Cho, Jeong-Ho;Kim, Byung-Ik;Shim, Kwang-Bo
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.5-9
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    • 2008
  • Cordierite has a very low thermal expansion coefficient, but has problem that it has a weak mechanical strength and is apt to be attacked by acid such as sulfur for using as a diesel particulate filter support. The physical properties of $ZrTiO_4$ modified with $SiO_2,\;Al_2O_3$, MoOx, $Cr_2O_3\;and\;Nb_2O_5$ were investigated with XRD, SEM, UTM and thermal expansion, etc. in this paper. $ZrTiO_4$ powder was synthesized as a monoclinic structure with processes that starting materials of $TiO_2\;and\;ZrO_2$ were mixed with ball mill and calcined above $1240^{\circ}C$ for 3 hr. Additive modified $ZrTiO_4$ specimens for flexural strength and thermal expansion measurement were obtained by mixing $ZrTiO_4$ powder with additives, pressing and firing at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 3 hr. The porosity of additive modified $ZrTiO_4$ decreased monotonically with increasing additive content by 5 wt% regardless of additive types and saturated for further increase of additive by 10wt. The flexural strength of $Al_2O_3$ (5, 10 wt%) modified $ZrTiO_4$ shows a large increase, but that of other additives modified $ZrTiO_4$ decreased. The thermal expansion coefficient of additive modified $ZrTiO_4$ except $Nb_2O_5$ decreased continuously with the content of additive. In particular, the lowest thermal expansion coefficient of $ZrTiO_4$ was obtained for the additive of $SiO_2$.

Mechanical Properties of Wood Flour-Polypropylene Composites: Effects of Wood Species, Filler Particle Size and Coupling Agent (목분-폴리프로필렌 복합재의 기계적 특성: 목재수종, 충진제 입자크기 및 상용화제의 영향)

  • Kang, In-Aeh;Lee, Sun-Young;Doh, Geum-Hyun;Chun, Sang-Jin;Yoon, Seung-Lak
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.37 no.6
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    • pp.505-516
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    • 2009
  • The effects of wood species, particle size of wood flours and coupling treatment on the mechanical properties of wood plastic composites (WPC) are investigated in this study. Chemical components of wood flour from 3 different wood species were analyzed by the chemical analysis. Wood flours of 40~60 mesh and 80~100 mesh were manufactured from Larix (Larix kaempferi Lamb.), Quercus (Quercus accutisima Carr.), and Maackia (Maackia amuresis Rupr. et Maxim). The wood flours were reinforced into polypropylene (PP) by melt compounding and injection molding, then tensile, flexural, and impact strength properties were analyzed. The order of alpha-cellulose content in wood is Quercus (43.6%), Maackia (41.3%) and Larix (36.2%). The order of lignin content in wood is Larix (31.6%), Maackia (24.7%), and Quercus accutisima (24.4%). The content of extractives in wood is in the order of Larix (8.5%), Maackia (4.4%), and Quercus accutisima (3.9%). As the content of alpha-cellulose increases and the lignin and extractives decreases, tensile and flexural strengths of the WPC increase. At the same loading level of wood flours, the smaller particle size (80~100 mesh) of wood flours showed highly improved tensile and flexural strengths, compared to the larger one (40~60 mesh). The impact strength of the WPC was not significantly affected by the wood species, but the wood flours of larger particle size showed better impact strengths. The addition of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) provided the highly improved tensile, flexural and impact strengths. Morphological analysis shows improved interfacial bonding with MAPP treatment for the composites.

A Study for Mechanical Property for A516-60, A283-C, A285-C and SB410 materials under Low Temperature (저온영역에서의 A516-60, A283-C, A285-C, SB410 소재 특성 평가)

  • Oh, Jung-Soo;Lee, Hee-Bum;Lee, Bong-Soo
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.20 no.9
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    • pp.405-411
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    • 2019
  • In this study, tensile tests were carried out on materials (A516-60, A283-C, A285-C, and SB410) for structural and pressure vessels at temperatures of $20^{\circ}C$, $-20^{\circ}C$, and $-40^{\circ}C$, and the changes in the mechanical properties were analyzed. Compared to the results at $20^{\circ}C$, the average yield stress increased by 6.4% and 7.5% at $-20^{\circ}C$ and $-40^{\circ}C$ for A516-60, while the average tensile stress increased by 1.3% and 4.1%, respectively. The average elongation decreased by 4.7% and 20.4% at these temperatures. In the case of A283-C, the average yield stress increased 8.8% and 9.8%, the average tensile stress increased by 4.1% and 5.9%, and the average elongation rate decreased by 7.4% and 9.9% at $-20^{\circ}C$ and $-40^{\circ}C$, respectively. For A285-C, the average yield stress increased by 1.8% and 8.6%, and the average tensile stress increased by 2.6% and 5.3%, respectively, but there was little change in the average elongation. Finally, for SB410, the average yield stress increased by 7.1% and 11.8%, the average tensile stress increased by 4.3% and 5.5%, but the average elongation rate decreased by 8.7% and 13.5%, respectively.

Effect of Cardanol Content on the Antibacterial Films Derived from Alginate-PVA Blended Matrix (알지네이트-폴리비닐알콜 블랜드 항균 필름 제조를 위한 카다놀 함량의 영향)

  • Ahn, Hee Ju;Kang, Kyung Soo;Song, Yun Ha;Lee, Da Hae;Kim, Mun Ho;Lee, Jae Kyoung;Woo, Hee Chul
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.24-31
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    • 2022
  • Petroleum-based plastics are used for various purposes and pose a significant threat to the earth's environment and ecosystem. Many efforts have been taken globally in different areas to find alternatives. As part of these efforts, this study manufactured alginate-based polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blended films by casting from an aqueous solution prepared by mixing 10 wt% petroleum-based PVA with biodegradable, marine biomass-derived alginate. Glutaraldehyde was used as a cross-linking agent, and cardanol, an alkyl phenol-based bio-oil extracted from cashew nut shell, was added in the range of 0.1 to 2.0 wt% to grant antibacterial activity to the films. FTIR and TGA were performed to characterize the manufactured blended films, and the tensile strength, degree of swelling, and antibacterial activity were measured. Results obtained from the FTIR, TGA, and tensile strength test showed that alginate, the main component, was well distributed in the PVA by forming a matrix phase. The brittleness of alginate, a known weakness as a single component, and the low thermal durability of PVA were improved by cross-linking and hydrogen bonding of the functional groups between alginate and PVA. Addition of cardanol to the alginate-based PVA blend significantly improved the antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. The antibacterial performance was excellent with a death rate of 98% or higher for S. aureus and about 70% for E. coli at a contact time of 60 minutes. The optimal antibacterial activity of the alginate-PVA blended films was found with a cardanol content range between 0.1 to 0.5 wt%. These results show that cardanol-containing alginate-PVA blended films are suitable for use as various antibacterial materials, including as food packaging.