• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.703-710
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• 2018

Although various efforts have been made every year to reduce electric fire accidents such as accident analysis and inspection for electric fire accidents, there is no effective countermeasure due to lack of effective decision support system and existing cumulative data utilization method. The purpose of this study is to develop an algorithm for predicting electric fire based on data such as electric safety inspection data, electric fire accident information, building information, and weather information. Through the pre-processing of collected data for each institution such as Korea Electrical Safety Corporation, Meteorological Administration, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, Fire Defense Headquarters, convergence, analysis, modeling, and verification process, we derive the factors influencing electric fire and develop prediction models. The results showed insulation resistance value, humidity, wind speed, building deterioration(aging), floor space ratio, building coverage ratio and building use. The accuracy of prediction model using random forest algorithm was 74.7%.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.351-357
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• 2019

This research is automatic Wet Pipe Sprinkler System, dry pipe Sprinkler System, preaction Sprinkler system, vacuum Sprinkler system, deluge Sprinkler system, etc., key components of each Sprinkler system, verve valve, valve, etc. This is to simplify the various processes of the manufacturing process into a single process to create an environment in which a single machine can simultaneously produce a standardized product, thereby improving the price competitiveness of the product, reducing the cost of maintaining the product, and making it more adaptable to the new sprinkler system that is developed in the future. Automatic Wet Pipe Sprinkler System, desipe Sprinkler System, preaction sprinkler system, vacuum Sprinkler system, deluge Sprinkler system, both types of existing Sprinkler system, only replace the primary and secondary tubing valves.It has the advantage of being easy to apply to the lower system. Legal and institutional research is needed for the commercialization of the Sprinkler system applying the solenoid valve as a future project.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.600-606
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• 2018

A class D fire or combustible metal fire is characterized by the presence of burning metals. Only certain metals or metal compounds are flammable, including sodium and lithium. General fire extinguishing agents, such as dry chemical powder, water-based fire extinguish agents, and carbon dioxide, cannot be used in class D fires. This is because these agents cause adverse reactions or are ineffective. In addition, the amount of usage of combustible metals is increasing due to continuous development of the semiconductor and fuel cell industries. Despite this, Korea does not have standards and laws related to combustible metal fires. This paper suggests directions of the class D fire management policies to reduce the class D fire risk and impact by analyzing the standards and laws related to class D fires and combustible metal fire cases. The factors to make laws on class D fire prevention and response systems, and management system of dry sand were determined. These results may be used to help reduce the risk of class D fires and improve the response abilities.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1533-1542
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• 2021

Eco-friendly polyurethane can be defined as a highly utilized material used in various fields. The various structural properties of the synthesis of isocyanates and polyols provide versatility and customization for use in the manufacturing field. The characteristics of polyurethane vary widely from soft touch coatings to hard building materials like rocks. These mechanical, chemical and biological properties and ease of alignment are drawing tremendous attention not only in the field of research but also in related industries. In order to improve the performance of water-dispersible polyurethane materials, it can be derived through processes such as adjusting the blending of raw materials and adding additives and nanomaterials. This study highlights the basic chemical structure of eco-friendly water-dispersible polyurethane in the fields of medical science, automobiles, coatings, adhesives, paints, textiles, marine industries, wood composite materials, and clothing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2024

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are widely used in various sectors, such as transportation (e.g., electric vehicles (EV)) and energy (e.g., energy storage facilities) due to their high energy density, broad operating temperature (-20 ℃ ~ 60 ℃), and high capacities. LIBs are powerful but fragile on external factors, including pressure, physical damage, overheating, and overcharging, that cause thermal runaway causing fires and explosions. During a LIB fire, a large amount of oxygen is generated from the decomposition of ionogenic materials. A water fire extinguisher that helps with cooling and suffocating must be essentially required at the same time. In fact, however, it is difficult to suppress LIB fires in the case of EVs because a LIB is installed with a battery pack housing that interrupts direct extinguishing by water. Thus, this study aims to investigate effective fire extinguishing measurements for LIB fires by using an EV. Relevant documents, including research articles and reports, were reviewed to identify effective ways of LIBs fire extinguishing. A real-scale fire experiment generating thermal runaway was carried out to figure out the combustion characteristics of EVs. This study revealed that the most effective fire extinguishing measurements for LIB fires are applying fire blankets and water tanks. However, there is still a lack of adequate regulation and guidelines for LIB fire extinguishment. Taking this into account, developing functional fire extinguishment measurements and available regulatory instruments is an urgent issue to secure the safety of firefighters and citizens.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.327-339
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present the effective smoke control flow rate and mode for securing safety through quantitative risk assessment according to the smoke control flow rate and mode (supply or exhaust) of the platform when a train fire occurs at the subway platform. To this end, a fire outbreak scenario was created using a side platform with a central staircase as a model and fire analysis was performed for each scenario to compare and analyze fire propagation characteristics and ASET, evacuation analysis was performed to predict the number of deaths. In addition, a fire accident rate (F)/number of deaths (N) diagram (F/N diagram) was prepared for each scenario to compare and evaluate the risk according to the smoke control flow rate and mode. In the ASET analysis of harmful factors, carbon monoxide, temperature, and visible distance determined by performance-oriented design methods and standards for firefighting facilities, the effect of visible distance is the largest, In the case where the delay in entering the platform of the fire train was not taken into account, the ASET was analyzed to be about 800 seconds when the air flow rate was 4 × 833 m³/min. The estimated number of deaths varies greatly depending on the location of the vehicle of fire train, In the case of a fire occurring in a vehicle adjacent to the stairs, it is shown that the increase is up to three times that of the vehicle in the lead. In addition, when the smoke control flow rate increases, the number of fatalities decreases, and the reduction rate of the air supply method rather than the exhaust method increases. When the supply flow rate is 4 × 833 m³/min, the expected number of deaths is reduced to 13% compared to the case where ventilation is not performed. As a result of the risk assessment, it is found that the current social risk assessment criteria are satisfied when smoke control is performed, and the number of deaths is the flow rate 4 × 833 m³/min when smoke control is performed at 29.9 people in 10,000 year, It was analyzed that it decreased to 4.36 people.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.53-62
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• 2017

Electric power which is the energy source of economy and industries requires long distance transportation due to regional difference between its production and consumption, and it is supplied through the multi-loop transmission and distribution system. Prior to its actual use, electric power flows through several transformations by voltage transformers in substations depending on the characteristics of each usage, and a transformer has the structure consisting of the main body, winding wire, insulating oil and bushings. A transformer fire that breaks out in substations entails the primary damage that interrupts the power supply to houses and commercial facilities and causes various safety accidents as well as the secondary economic losses. It is considered that causes of such fire include the leak of insulating oil resulting from the destruction of bottom part of bushings, and the chain reaction of fire due to insulating oil that reaches its ignition point within 1 second. The smoke detector and automatic fire extinguishing system are established in order to minimize fire damage, but a difficulty in securing golden time for extinguishing fire due to delay in the operation of detector and release of gas from the extinguishing system has become a problem. Accordingly, this study was carried out according to needs of active mechanism to prevent the spread of fire and block the leak of insulating oil, in accordance with the importance of securing golden time in extinguishing a fire in its early stage. A bushings fireproof structure was developed by applying the high temperature shape retention materials, which are expanded by flame, and mechanical flame cutoff devices. The bushings fireproof structure was installed on the transformer model produced by applying the actual standards of bushings and flange, and the full scale fire test was carried out. It was confirmed that the bushings fireproof structure operated at accurate position and height within 3 seconds from the flame initiation. It is considered that it could block the spread of flame effectively in the event of actual transformer fire.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2012

아라미드는 일반적인 유기섬유와는 다른 우수한 역학적 성질을 바탕으로 보호의류 중에서 방탄방호 및 방검보호 의류에 사용되는 고부가 소재이다. 현재까지 ATY기계에서 사의 구조와 물성에 큰 영향을 미치는 Nozzle의 구조에 대한 연구결과는 많이 발표되어왔다. 그러나 최근 들어 소방방화방 검용 보호의류에 많이 사용되는 아라미드사에 ATY 공정 중에서 Nozzle의 직경이 ATY사의 물성에 어떤 영향을 미치는가에 대한 연구는 발표된 바가 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Para-aramid/Nylon hybrid사를 이용하여 ATY로 제조할 경우, 표면에 생기는 loop로 인하여 타 소재와 접착시, 접착제 담지 성능이 향상되어 접착력이 상승되는 반면 아라미드 Hybrid사의 역학물성은 ATY가 가공되기 전의 물성보다 저하되는 약점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 ATY 제조공정에서 Nozzle의 직경을 달리할 때 Aramid/Nylon Hybrid ATY사의 물성변화를 분석함으로서 방화복과 방검용 보호의류에 적합한 아라미드 ATY사를 개발하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 ATY 제조공정 중 다른 공정조건은 동일하게 하고 Nozzle의 직경을 0.6, 0.75, 1, 1.2mm로 변경하여 4가지 시료를 준비하고 물성분석을 위하여 제조된 시료의 강신도, 초기탄성률을 각각 측정하여 인장특성을 확인하였으며, 건열수축률과 습열수축률을 측정하여 시료의 열 수축률을 측정 분석하였다. 표면의 루프 발현 정도를 보기위하여 형태 불안정성을 측정 평가하였으며 영상현미경시스템을 사용하여 표면특성을 측정 평가하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. Nozzle의 직경이 증가함에 따라 절단강도는 30% 감소하였고 초기탄성률은 3배 가까이 감소하였다. 그리고 절단신도는 2배정도 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 Nozzle의 직경이 증가함에 따라 ATY hybrid사의 건 습열수축률이 증가하다가 직경이 1.2mm일 때 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고 직경 변화에 따라 4~6%의 열 수축률의 분포를 보였다. Para-aramid/Nylon hybrid사의 형태불안정성은 0.3~0.5%를 분포를 나타내었고 Nozzle의 직경이 0.6, 1mm일 때 상대적으로 낮은 ATY의 불안정성이 확인되었다. Nozzle의 직경이 감소할수록 loop의 엉킴이 적으며 flat하였으며 직경이 1.2mm일 때 가장 조밀하고 표면에 loop가 많이 형성된 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.917-930
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• 2018

A quantitative risk assessment method for quantitatively evaluating the fire risk in designing a road tunnel disaster prevention facilities has been introduced to evaluate the appropriateness of a disaster prevention facility in a large tunnel through which all vehicle types pass. However, since the quantitative risk assessment method of the developed can be applied only to the large sectional area tunnels (large tunnels), it is necessary to develop a quantitative risk assessment method for road tunnels passing only small cars which has recently been constructed or planned. In this study, fire accidents scenarios and quantitative risk assesment method for small road tunnels through small cars only which is based on the methods for existing road tunnels (large tunnels). And the risk according to the distance between cross passage is evaluated. As a result, in order to satisfy the societal risk assessment criteria, the distance of the appropriate distance between cross passages was estimated to be 200 m, and the effect of the ventilation system of the large port exhaust ventilation system was quantitatively analyzed by comparing the longitudinal ventilation system.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.542-549
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• 2022

Purpose: Pipes are widely used as applied devices in many industrial fields such as machinery, electronics, electricity, and plants, and are also widely used in safety-related fields such as firefighting and chemistry. With the diversification of products, the importance of technology in the piping field is also increasing. In particular, when changing the existing copper pipe to stainless steel, it is necessary to evaluate safety and flow characteristics through structural analysis or flow analysis. Method: This study investigated the structural stability of the 6.35 and 15.88 socket models, which are integrated insert type connectors developed by a company, using FEM. For structural analysis, HyperMesh as pre-processor, HYPER VIEW as post-processor, and LS-DYNA as solver were used. Result: In the case of 6.35 socket, the maximum stresses at hook, holder and hinge were 95.02MPa, 19.59MPa and 44.01MPa, respectively, and in case of 15.88 socket, it was 127.7 MPa, 40.09MPa and 45.23MPa, respectively. Conclusion: Comparing the stress distribution of the two socket models, the stress in the 15.88 socket, which has a relatively large outer diameter, appears to be large overall, but it is significantly lower than the yield stress of each material, indicating that there is no problem in structural safety in both models.