Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association (한국터널지하공간학회 논문집)

Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association (한국터널지하공간학회)
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A study on the development and applicability of fire risk assessment method for small road tunnels passing only small cars

소형차 전용 도로터널의 화재 위험도 평가기법개발 및 적용성에 관한 연구

  • Received : 2018.08.07
  • Accepted : 2018.09.17
  • Published : 2018.11.30
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Abstract

A quantitative risk assessment method for quantitatively evaluating the fire risk in designing a road tunnel disaster prevention facilities has been introduced to evaluate the appropriateness of a disaster prevention facility in a large tunnel through which all vehicle types pass. However, since the quantitative risk assessment method of the developed can be applied only to the large sectional area tunnels (large tunnels), it is necessary to develop a quantitative risk assessment method for road tunnels passing only small cars which has recently been constructed or planned. In this study, fire accidents scenarios and quantitative risk assesment method for small road tunnels through small cars only which is based on the methods for existing road tunnels (large tunnels). And the risk according to the distance between cross passage is evaluated. As a result, in order to satisfy the societal risk assessment criteria, the distance of the appropriate distance between cross passages was estimated to be 200 m, and the effect of the ventilation system of the large port exhaust ventilation system was quantitatively analyzed by comparing the longitudinal ventilation system.

도로터널의 방재시설 설계에 화재 위험을 정량적으로 평가하기 위한 정량적 위험도 평가기법이 소방시설물에 대한 성능위주 설계의 일환으로 도입되어 전차종이 통과하는 대단면 터널에 대한 방재시설의 적정성을 평가하는데 활용되고 있다. 그러나 현재 도로 터널에 도입하고 있는 정량적 위험도 평가기법은 대단면 터널에만 적용이 가능하기 때문에 최근 건설이나 계획이 증가하는 소형차 전용 도로터널에 대한 정량적 위험도 평가기법의 개발 필요성이 대두되게 되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존의 터널에 대한 정량적 위험도 평가기법을 기반으로 하여 소형차 전용 도로터널에 적합한 화재발생 시나리오를 제시하고 소형차 전용의 모델터널에 대해서 피난연결통로 간격에 따른 위험도를 분석하고 적용성을 검토하였다. 그 결과로 소형차 전용도로터널의 경우, 현행 사회적 위험도 평가기준을 만족하기 위한 피난연결통로의 적정 간격은 200 m로 평가되었다. 또한 소형차 전용터널에 대한 제배연방식에 따른 위험도를 비교한 결과, 제트팬에 의해서 기류제어가 가능한 대배기구방식이 피난안전확보에 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Risk assessment

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Fig. 2 Fire scenario for road tunnel only small car

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Fig. 3. Societal risk criteria for countries

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Fig. 4. Accident rate and frequency, return year according to scenario

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Fig. 5. Societal risk assessment by distance between cross passage

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Fig. 6. Optimal distance between cross passage according to tunnel length

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Fig. 7. Risk comparison according to ventilation method

Table 1. Fire accidents rate for each vehicle

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Table 2. Equivalent fatalities

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Table 3. Expected value for each nation

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Table 4. Model tunnel specification

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Table 5. Traffics for model tunnel

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Table 6. EV & IR according to interval between cross passages (tunnel length: 5000 m, slope: 1%)

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Table 7. EV according to interval between cross passages (tunnel length: 5000 m, slope: 1%)

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Table 7. Risk (EV and IR) comparison according to ventilation method (tunnel length: 5000 m, slope: 1%)

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