• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.256-262
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• 1991

The corrosion effects on thermal contact resistance were experimentally studied for a given contact interface of a couple of metals. 2 cylindrically shaped test pieces, the one was carbon steel whose surface was machined by lathe and the other was stainless steel, ground, were come into contact under pressure, and then submerged to $HNO_3$ gas environment. While the corrosion process was going on, the thermal contact resistance was measured with time. The experiment was performed for 2 cases; 1) Highly compress the test pieces and then bring them to $HNO_3$ gas environment. 2) Anteriorly corrode the interface under low contact pressure and then increase the contact pressure. The results were as follows; In 1st. case of experiment, the thermal contact resistance seemed to be very stable, and showed low values with a tendancy of small decrease with time. But in 2nd. case the resistance was unstable and jumped to a value of 200-250% more then that expected for uncontaminated interface. More over it demonstrated some increase with time.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.435-450
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• 2021

The interest in eco-friendly energy is increasing, and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is attracting attention as alternative power sources. Research on metallic bipolar plates, a fuel cell component, is being actively conducted. However, since the operating conditions of PEMFC, in which sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) are mixed, are strong acidity, the durability of the metallic bipolar plate is very important. In this research, the electrochemical characteristics and corrosion damage behavior of 316L stainless steel, a material for metallic bipolar plates, were analyzed through potentiostatic corrosion tests with test times and chloride concentrations. As the test times and chloride concentrations increased, the current density and corrosion damage increased. As a result of observation with scanning electron microscope(SEM) and 3D microscope, both the depth and width of pitting corrosion increased with increases in test times and chloride concentrations. In particular, the pitting corrosion damage depth at test conditions of 6 hours and 1000 ppm chloride increased the most. The growth of the pitting corrosion damage was not directly proportional to time and increased significantly after a certain period.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2022

To understand effects of cooling rates of coating layer on microstructures and corrosion behaviors of hot-dip alloy coated steel sheets (Zn-5%Al-2%Mg) in a neutral aqueous condition with chloride ion, a range of experimental and analytical methods were used in this study. Results showed that a faster cooling rate during solidification decreased the fraction of primary Zn, and increased the fraction of Zn-Al phase. In addition, interlamellar spacing became refined under a faster cooling rate. These modifications of the coating structure had higher open circuit potentials (OCP) with smaller anodic and cathodic current densities in the electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization. Surface analyses after a salt spray test showed that the increase in the Zn-Al phase in the coating formed under a faster cooling rate might have contributed to the formation of simonkolleite (Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂·H₂O) and hydrotalcite (ZnAl₂(OH)₆Cl₂·H₂O) with a protective nature on the corroded outer surface, thus delaying the formation of red rust.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.387-392
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate corrosion resistance of Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel in residential water with trace quantities of Cl^-. Comparative evaluations were performed using two commercial coated steel products, GI and Galvalume, as reference samples. Examination of corrosion morphology and measurement of weight loss revealed that the Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel exhibited higher corrosion resistance than reference samples. This finding suggests that the alloy coated steel possesses long-term corrosion resistance not only in highly Cl^- concentrated environments such as seawater, but also in environments with extremely low levels of Cl^- found in residential water. The primary factor contributing to the superior corrosion resistance of the Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel in residential water is the formation of an inhibiting corrosion product composed primarily of two phases: Zn₅(OH)₆(CO₃)₂ and Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂·H₂O. The preferential dissolution of Mg from the corroded coating layer can increase alkalinity, which might enhance the thermodynamical stability of Zn₅(OH)₆(CO₃)₂.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.35
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• pp.121-127
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• 2014

The Vietnam homecoming box that has been collected in National Museum of Korean The Vietnam homecoming box that has been collected in National Museum of Korean Contemporary History got severely damaged such as rot, attached foreign substance, fading, color, wood decay. In particular, the bottom of the box was unstable state that deteriorated by pests and the left strut was severely damaged by some deep cracks and pests. The metal bands were remained on the side and bottom of the box, and all the bands were seriously corroded. On the bottom-right of the lid, black foreign matter was adhered to the surface. In the process of conservation treatments, the cleaning, filling cracks, reinforcing the bottom of the box, attaching the metal bands were proceed in order after the investigation of the state.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.15 no.3 s.47
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• pp.146-153
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• 2006

A performance test of the stainless steel based sintered metal filter was conducted on the low and intermediate level radioactive waste (LILW) vitrification process. The applicability of the metal filter was based on the test results as well. The baseline pressure drop of the metal filter was evaluated similar to the ceramic filter. During the test, when the flow rate of off-gas was $110Nm^{3}/h$, the total baseline pressure drop was shown as $92mmH_{2}O$. The total pressure drop was attributed to the filter media and the residual dust layer and the value of each was $25mmH_{2}O\;and\;67mmH_{2}O$ respectively. The SEM-EDS spectrum and micrograph of the metal filter specimen showed, no corrosion and no physical damage both at the skin membrane and at the support layer. And most of the baseline pressure drop was caused by the deposition of dust on the surface of the membrane. In conclusion, even though the filter exposure time was short at the test, the performance of the stainless steel based metal filter was acceptable for the treatment of LILW vitrification process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.346-346
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• 2009

산화물 형태 사용후핵연료의 효율적 처분 혹은 재활용을 위한 연구 가운데, 고온의 LiCl 용융염 중에서 전해환원하여 금속으로 환원시킨 후, 환원된 금속을 고온의 LiCl-KCl 용융염에서 전해정련하는 연구가 국내외적으로 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 전해환원을 위해 일정 농도 $Li_2O$가 LiCl 용융염에 첨가되며 $Li_2O$ 농도가 높으면 반응 재질의 부식성이 크게 증가하므로 일반적으로 우라늄 산화물은 1wt% 이하의 $Li_2O$ 농도에서 전해환원 된다. 우라늄 산화물의 전해환원 전위는 $Li_2O$의 전해환원 전위 보다 표준 상태를 기준으로 공정온도인 650 $^{\circ}C$ 에서 약 70 mV 정도 낮기 때문에 전해환원 과정에서 $Li_2O$ 의 환원으로 Li 금속이 생성될 가능성이 있으며 우라늄 산화물은 대부분 직접 전해환원 되지만 일부 Li에 의해 화학적으로 환원되기도 한다. 전해환원 공정에서 환원되지 않은 희토류 산화물은 전해정련 공정에서 $UCl_3$와 반응하여 $UO_2$를 생성시켜 공정 효율을 떨어뜨린다. 따라서 전해환원 공정에서 가능하연 최대한 희토류 산화물을 금속으로 환원시키는 조건을 찾아내는 것이 바람직하고 이를 위해서 우선 전해환원 공정에서 희토류 산화물의 화학적 거동의 이해가 요구된다. 본 연구에서 열역학적 검토를 통하여 희토류 산화물의 환원 조건을 조사한 결과 희토류 산화물은 매운 낮은 $Li_2O$ 농도에서 Li에 의해 환원되고, 1wt% 이하의 $Li_2O$ 농도에서는 Sc와 Lu의 산화물이 $Li_2O$와 복합산화물을 형성하고 이들 복합산화물은 Li에 의해 환원되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 희토류 원소 별로 희토류 원소 산화물의 Li에 의한 환원 조건으로서 평형상태에서의 $Li_2O$ 농도 즉 환원 임계 $Li_2O$ 농도를 실험적으로 측정하였으며 1wt% $Li_2O$ 농도 이하에서 열역학적 해석과 동일하게 Sc와 Lu만이 복합산화물을 형성하여 Li에 의해 직접환원 되지 않는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.660-667
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• 2016

Conventional decontamination methods utilize water-based systems, which generate high amounts of secondary wastes. Herein, we describe an environmentally benign decontamination method using liquid and supercritical $CO_2$. The use of $CO_2$ as a solvent affords effective waste reduction by its ability to be recycled, thereby leaving be hind only the contaminants upon its evaporation. In this study, a $CO_2$ solution process was assessed using t-salen(t-butylsalen), DC18C6 (dicyclohexano-18Crown6), 8-HQN(8-hydroxyquinoline), NEt4PFOSA(perfluoro-1-octanesulfonic acid tetra-ethyl ammonium salt), and NEt4PFOA(pentadecafluorooctanoic acid ammonium salt) to extract spiked radioactive contaminants(Nb,Zr,Co,Sr) from an inert sample matrix, namely filter paper. With the static extraction method, Sr was extracted with a maximum extraction rate of 97%, and Nb was extracted with a maximum extraction rate of 75%. Additionally, we were also able to extract Co and Zr with maximum extract ion ratesof 73% and 64%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.20-20
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• 2009

저항 점 용접은 1930년대에 Thomson에 의해 방법이 제안된 이후로 자동차, 전자, 항공기, 철도산업등에서 박판 금속(sheet metal)의 접합에 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 공정이다. 특히 자동차 차체와 같이 대부분 박판으로 구성되는 구조물에서는 저항 점 용접의 사용 범위가 매우 넓기 때문에 자동차 산업에서는 가장 기본적인 근본 기술 중의 하나로 인식되고 있다. 보통 자동차 한대를 생산하는데 소요되는 저항 점 용접 타점은 3000~4000개 정도로 자동차 차체 용접 공정의 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 또한 로봇과 연동된 자동화 공정으로 적용되고 있다. 최근의 자동차 차체를 구성하는 금속 재료가 자동차의 경량화, 친화경 소재의 사용자의 요구로 인해 새로운 강판이 사용된다. 자동차의 연비 향상을 위해서 다른 방법보다 자동차의 무게를 감소시키는 것이 가장 효율적이고, 쉽기 때문에 고장력 강판의 사용이 급속하게 증가하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 차제의 부식성, 내마모성 향상을 위해 도금 처리된 강판의 사용도 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 최근에 도장 공정 감소를 위해 도금 처리위에 도료 착색을 용이하게 하는 도료의 일부를 금속 표면에 처리된 강판의 개발도 진행되는 등 금속 소재의 변화가 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 이러한 새로운 강종은 기존의 AC 용접이나 DC 용접으로는 용접성 확보에 어려움을 가지고 있어, 새로운 저항 점 용접 공정의 연구 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 저항 점 용접 공정의 개선을 위해서 인버터 저항 점 용접기에서 용접 공정 중 전류를 제어하기 위한 효율적인 제어기 개발 방법과 개발된 제어기를 바탕으로 용접 중에 용접부의 품질을 예측하여, 용접 전류 및 가압력을 실시간 제어하여 안정적인 용접부의 품질을 갖질 수 있는 지능형 저항 점 용접기의 적응 제어기를 개발하는데 있다.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.11
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• pp.31-42
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• 2010

Here is an introduction of the conservation and making process of Seodae(Rank Belt with A Rhinoceros' Horn) of the Chuncheon National Museum. The seodae has a structure composed of wrapping fabric around a leather frame and decorated with ttidon(an ornament) made of a rhinoceros' horn and a metal frame. The adhesion between leather was weak and separation was taking place, parts of the horn were missing and the fabric was discoloring. Also the metal frame and the metal wire attaching ttidon were severly corroded. Nondestructive analysis was carried out by using a portable x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to analyze the components of the metal parts. Conservation was carried out by dismantling parts and carrying out conservation process of each one according to material, then the parts were put back together.