• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2011

It is an important issue to develop quality assessing system for biofuel for the purpose of accelerating the mass production of biofuel. It is particularly challenging to conduct testing method in the mass production of bioethanol while meeting quality specifications such as ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D4806-10. In order to address this challenge, this paper proposes on-line spectroscopic quality assesment system based on Near Infrared spectrum and Partial Least Squares method in Chemometrics. As a result of testing a number of preprocessing methods and Partial Least Squares, it was found out that Savitzky-Golay method showed the best performance in terms of spectrum correction, noise reduction, and model maintenance. The proposed system allows us to assess multiple quality components continuously using spectroscopic facilities with the cheap cost. Since the value of R2 is more than 0.99, it is possible to replace the laboratory analysis.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.716-722
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• 1995

Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used as a tool for the rapid, accurate and nondestructive assay of small grain and forage quality analysis. The objective of this study was to establish the rapid, easy and accurate analysis method for major components of covered barley using NIRS system. NIRS used in this study was filter type instrument, Neotec 102. To obtain a useful calibration equation, standard regression between the data was analyzed by chemical analysis and by NIRS method. Standard errors of prediction (SEP) and simple correlations for unknown samples were calculated using obtained equation. SEPs for starch, $\beta$-glucan, protein and ash contents were 2.75%, 0.64%, 0.26% and 0.19%, respectively. The simple correlations for starch, $\beta$-glucan, protein and ash contents were 0.932, 0.588, 0.984 and 0.867, respectively. It was concluded that the NIRS method would be applicabl for the rapid determination of starch, protein and ash contents in barley grains.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.54-62
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• 1996

A multichannel type spectroradiometer which can measure the optical characteristics of light sources was constructed. Our system can be used to measure the optical characteristics of light sources of which the wavelengths are ranging from ultraviolet to infrared(220nm~1100nm)in 16msec. The optical characteristics such as color coordinates, color rendering index, brightness, color difference, etc. was measured and analyzed.

• The Science & Technology
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• no.5 s.468
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• pp.6-9
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• 2008

외부 행성에서 생명체 전구물질인 유기물 성분이 처음으로 발견됐다. 미항공우주국 연구진은 '네이처'에서 지난해 5월 허블우주망원경의 근적외선 카메라 및 다중목표물 분광계(NICMOS)를 이용해 지구에서 63광년 떨어진 여우자리에 있는 목성 크기 행성 HD 189733b 대기권에서 메탄 화합물을 발견했다고 밝혔다. 탄소와 수소로 이루어진 메탄은 태양계 행성 대부분에서 발견되지만 외부 행성에서 발견되기는 이번이 처음이다. 연구진은 이 행성에서 물도 발견됐지만 중심별과 가까워 온도가 $900^{\circ}C$로 생명체가 살기에는 너무 뜨겁다며 조건이 이보다 좋은 행성이라면 생명물질을 추적해 볼 만하다고 밝혔다. 지구 대기권에서 메탄은 화학반응을 통해 빠른 속도로 분해되지만 작은 행성에서라면 지구에서처럼 분해된 메탄에서 나온 수소가 빠른 속도로 우주로 빠져 나올 것으로 예상된다. 과학자들은 지구 크기의 행성에서 많은 양의 메탄이 발견된다는 것은 생물학적 과정의 결과일 가능성이 있는 것으로 보고 있다. 메탄은 비생물학적 과정에서도 형성될 수 있지만 이런 경우 다량의 입자를 만들지는 않는다. 과학자들은 2013년 발사될 제임스 웹 망원경을통해다른외부행성에서물과메탄을찾아나설계획이다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 1999

Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important seasoning in Korea and most korean consumer tend to eat the korean sesame seed as the best than other ones produced in oriental countries such as China and Japan. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was applied for discrimination according to geographical origin (Korea, China and so on) of sesame seeds. Near-infrared spectroscopy among the many kinds of techniques could provide a rapid screening, low cost solution to discriminate geographical origin of sesame seed. The objective of this study is to determine if NIR technique could be used to discriminate between the korean sesame seed and non-korean sesame seed by using the new method. Rapid, precise and nondestructive analysis method for determination of the geographic origin of sesame seeds were discriminated relative accurately according to geographical origin using PLS regression method.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.273-277
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• 2001

Traditional methods of chemical analysis for the soil properties take time and produce harmful waste. The purpose of this research was to evaluate an NIR technique for measuring some soil properties that are rapid and accurate in soil fertility assessments. The NIR instrument (InfraAlyzer 500, Bran & Luebbe Co.) was used for obtaining spectral data from 140 finely ground soil for calibrations and validation estimating pH, CEC, extractable Ca, Mg, K, $SiO_2$, humic acid and EC. Partial least square regression analysis was used to develop a calibration of NIR spectroscopy method. The results indicated that NIR spectroscopy could be used as a routine nondestructive method quantitatively determining soil chemical properties quickly. However the NIR technique may require sample preparation to obtain even diffuse reflection spectra from the soil and data manipulations to obtain optimal predictions.

• Composites Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.40-47
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• 2002

The di-functional epoxy resins, i.e., diglycidylether of bisphenol A(DGEBA) and diglycidylethere of bisphenol F(DGEBF) were initiated by cationic catalyst, i.e., benzylquinoxalinium hexafluoroantimonate(BQH) using electron-beam(EB) technique. And the effect of structure of DGEBA and DGEBF on thermal stabilities and cure behaviors was investigated. According to the experimental results, the decomposed activation energy based on Horowitz-Metzger method was higher in the case of DGEBA, but intergral procedural decomposition temperature(IPDT) of DGEBA was lower than DGEBF. This could be interpreted in terms of high crosslink density resulted from hydroxyl bond of DGEBF backbone. It was confirmed in increasing the hydroxyl band at $7000\;cm^{-1}$ and $5235\;cm^{-1}$ using near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.837-841
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• 1995

Thermodynamic parameters for the hydrogen bonding between thiopropionamide(TPA) and proton donors such as triethylphosphine oxide(TEPO), triphenylphosphine oxide(TPPO), trimethylphosphate(TMP), and tributyl phosphate(TBP) in dilute carbon tetrachloride solution have been measured by near-IR spectroscopy. The νa + amide Ⅱ combination band of TPA has been resolved into two Lorentzian-Gaussian product components which have been identified with monomeric TPA and 1 : 1 hydrogen bonded complex. The equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters for the formation of 1 : 1 hydrogen bonded complex have been obtained by the analysis of concentration and temperature dependent spectra. The standard enthalpies for the 1 : 1 hydrogen bonded complex formation of TPA with TEPO, TPPO, TMP, and TBP in CCl4 have been found to be - 21.4, - 16.8, - 12.8, and - 12.9 kJ/mol, respectively. The results are explained by the inductive and steric effects of substituents.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2017

An NIR grism Si optical area sensor spectrometer with in-band reference wavelength is designed and fabricated. It is composed of a transmission type diffraction grating (spatial density 300 line/mm), a rectangular N-BK7 prism (apex angle 30 degree), NIR filter(cutoff wavelength 720 nm), an imaging convex lens(focal length 50 mm F1.8) and an IR modified DSLR camera (Canon EOS40D) of Si optical area sensor ($3,888{\times}2,592$ pixels, pixel size $5.710{\mu}m$). "In-band reference wavelength function" is implemented using non-dispersive 0th diffraction order optical beam. The NIR grism spectrometer is tested in a laboratory using a halogen lamp and a Neon lamp. And the spectrometer is used in an astronomy field for obtaining the planet Jupiter NIR spectrum. In-band reference wavelength i.e. un-deviation wavelength is 846 nm, an wavelength resolution is 0.3027 nm/pixel, an wavelength resolving power is 2,794 and an wavelength range is 650~1,000 nm.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 2008

Amylose and protein contents are important traits determining the edible quality of rice, especially in East Asian countries. Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) has become a powerful tool for rapid and nondestructive quantification of natural compounds in agricultural products. To test the practically of using NIRS for estimation of brown rice amylose and protein contents, the spectral reflectances ($400{\sim}2500\;nm$) of total 9,483 accessions of rice germplasm in Rural development Administration (RDA) Genebank ere obtained and compared to chemically determined amylose and protein content. The protein content of tested 119 accessions ranged from 6.5 to 8.0% and 25 accessions exhibited protein contents between 8.5 to 9.5%. In case of amylose content, all tested accessions ranged from 18.1 to 21.7% and the grade from 18.1 to 19.9% includes most number of accessions as 152 and 4 accessions exhibited amylose content between 20.5 to 21.7%. The optimal performance calibration model could be obtained from original spectra of brown rice using MPLS (Modified Partial Least Squares) with the correlation coefficients ($r_2$) for amylose and protein content were 0.865 and 0.786, respectively. The standard errors of calibration (SEC) exhibited good statistic values: 2.078 and 0.442 for amylose and protein contents, respectively. All these results suggest that NIR spectroscopy may serve as reputable and rapid method for quantification of brown rice protein and amylose contents in large numbers of rice germplasm.