• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.477-482
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• 2010

In a case of multiple posterior teeth loss, antagonistic teeth extrude to the edentulous space and compensatory occlusion on the remained anterior teeth leads to occlusal trauma. Extrusion of antagonistic teeth breaks down occlusion plane and loss of posterior support bring about severe wear of remained teeth. In this situation, it is needed to restore remained teeth and edentulous space by increasing vertical dimension to obtain prosthodontic rehabilitation space and to correct occlusion plane. In this case report, the patient had a masticatory problem with loss of posterior teeth support and an esthetic problem of shortened anterior teeth. Before the tooth preparation for the prosthodontic restoration, the patient used removable device for 2 months to increase vertical dimension reversibly. After that, he got provisional fixed restoration with irreversible tooth reduction and used it for 3 months. It had spent 5 month to evaluate the adaptation state on final restoration with incresed vertical dimension. The increasing amount was 3 mm, which was relatively in less degree and masticatory system adapted to the increased vertical dimension without any pathologic changes. Final restoration was made to have equal-intensity contacts on all teeth in a verifiable centric relations and immediate disclusion of all posterior contacts the moment the mandible moves in any direction from centric relation. In addition, metal occlusion surface on posterior teeth was applied to prevent excessive muscle activation, occlusal trauma and the porcelain fracture.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.7-20
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• 2020

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the effect of simultaneous application of peripheral nerve sensory stimulation and task-oriented training on the improvement of upper extremity motor function after stroke. Methods : This study included 29 patients with hemiplegia. The 14 subjects were in the peripheral nerve sensory stimulation and task-oriented training group for 4 weeks (30 min/d, 5 d/wk), while the 15 control group subjects underwent only task-oriented training for the same duration. The outcome measures were the percentage of voluntary baseline muscle contractions of the wrist and shoulder and Box and Block Test, grip and pinch strength, and Action Research Arm Test. Results : After 4 weeks, muscle activity of extensor carpi radialis, flexor carpi radialis and grip strength and Action Research Arm Test were significantly higher in the experimental group. Conclusion : Simultaneous application of the peripheral nerve sensory stimulation and task-oriented training was found to be superior to task-oriented training for improving upper extremity motor function of adults with stroke.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.313-318
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• 2016

Bacteria in the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state fail to produce colonies on routine bacteriological media, but are still alive in the state of very low metabolic activity. The aim of the present study was to induce the VBNC state of the Edwardsiella tarda using sea water microcosm under starvation conditions at $10^{\circ}C$ and to investigate resuscitation of the VBNC cells in temperatures changed from 10 to $25^{\circ}C$, with and without additives. E. tarda entered into the VBNC state within about 42-84 days of incubation in the microcosm. Throughout this period, the total cell counts as determined using acridine orange direct counting remained near the original inoculum level of ${\sim}10^8cells/ml$. The live cell counts measured with direct viable counting, on the other hands, declined to ${\sim}10^4cells/ml$. When the VBNC cells were incubated with addition of yeast extract, fish muscle extract or serum at $25^{\circ}C$, the ratios of resuscitated samples were 37%, 23%, and 37%, respectively. The characteristics of resuscitated E. tarda were consistent with those of the original E. tarda. When the resuscitated E. tarda were intraperitoneally injected into olive flounders, all fishes died within 5 days, indicating that the VBNC E. tarda might retain its pathogenic potential. Therefore, E. tarda under starvation conditions in the winter enter into the VBNC state and the VBNC E. tarda cells resuscitated at summer and autumn seawater temperature are considered to be pathogen continuously to olive flounder on the southern coast of Korea.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to verify the most effective spinal stabilization exercises program by comparing the activities of muscles contributing to spinal stabilization during four types of exercises using a sling and a mat. Twenty healthy males were recruited and each subjects performed four types of exercises. Exercise 1 was performed in a quadruped position with the subjects lifting the left arm and the opposite leg on the mat. Exercise 2 was performed in a prone position while holding a sling with the right hand and the left knee was fully extended while lifting the left arm and right leg. Exercise 3 was performed in quadruped position while holding a sling with one the right hand and lifting the opposite arm and leg. In exercise 4, subjects were instructed to maintain a balance push-up position while holding slings with both hands in 10 cm forward reaching with extended elbows. Electromyographic(EMG) activities were recorded from the multifidus, external oblique, internal oblique, abdominal rectus, and erector spinalis muscles during the exercises. The EMG amplitude of each muscle was normalized to the amplitude in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of each muscle. Repeated ANOVA and Bonferroni's tests were used to compare the differences in the muscle activity according to the types of exercise. The EMG amplitudes of all the muscles were significantly different according to the types of exercises (p<.05). The highest EMG activities of each muscle was as follow; multifidus was 73.38%MVIC in exercise 3, the erector spinalis was 40.03%MVIC in exercise 3, the external oblique was 135.88%MVIC in exercise 4, the internal oblique was 128.60%MVIC in exercise 4, and the rectus abdominalis was 95.24%MVIC in Exercise 4. The types of exercises showed a significant difference in composition rate of EMG amplitudes of each muscle (p<.05). EMG composition rate of the multifidus was high in exercise 1 and 3. However, EMG composition rates of the external oblique, internal oblique, and the rectus abdominals were high in exercise 2 and 4. These results showed differences in EMG activities of muscles contributing to trunk stabilization during different therapeutic exercises. Therefore, the type of exercise should be carefully selected to effectively strengthen a specific trunk stabilizer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-82
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• 1994

In order to find out physiological effects of diets supplemented with seamustard (Undaria pinnatifida) on the growth, survival rate, body compositions and blood properties of young rockfishes (Sebastes schlegeli) in range of average total length from $2.99{\pm}0.23\;cm\;to\;18.52{\pm}1.07\;cm$ and average body weight from $1.03{\pm}0.18\;g\;to\;120.64{\pm}19.32\;g$, experiments were performed for 140 days by feeding four experimental diets supplemented with $0\%,\;3\%,\;5\%\;and\;7\%$ of seamustard powder. In addition, the tests on tolerance of the fishes against low $O_2$ saturation and starvation were carried out after the feeding experiments. The fishes fed diet supplemented with $5\%$ of seamustard powder revealed the best results in growth of total length and body weight. Crude lipid content in the whole viscera of fishes fed diets supplemented with seamustard powder was higher than that of fishes fed diet without seamustard powder, while the moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and crude ash composition in the dorsal muscle did not show any remarkable differences among diet groups with or without seamustard powder. Hematocrit and mean number of red blood cell in fishes fed diets supplemented with seamustard powder was elevated, despite of no notable changes in mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The resistance of the fish to low $O_2$ saturation was elevated by feeding seamustard powder. Upon the starvation of fish for 31 days after the feeding experiments, body weight loss of three groups fed diets with seamustard was smaller compared with the group fed diet without seamustard.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.271-277
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop a balance chair for improving pelvic correction and postural balance through postural balance training using tactile feedback by a vibration motor provided in real time according to the user's attitude. We built a body frame using mono cast(MC) Nylon, Touch thin film transistor(TFT) for user interface, a main control module using Arduino, a 9-axis acceleration sensor for user's posture determination, and a vibration module for tactile feedback. The prototype of the Balance Chair which surrounds the outside was made with cushion for sitting conformability. In order to verify the effectiveness of the postural balance training system using the built prototype, the muscle activity (% MVIC) of the left and right iliocostalis lumborum those are the main muscles of the spinal movement was measured with ten female subjects. And the balance ability before and after training was measured using Spine Balance 3D, a posture balance ability evaluation device. The muscular activities of the left and right iliocostalis lumborum showed the balance activation according to vibration feedback during exercise protocol and postural balance improved after balance exercise training using balance chair. This study could be apply to use the fundamental research for developing the various postural balance product.

• KSCI Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.47-72
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• 1995

지금까지 나타난 많은 리더십 이론이 주로 기독교 문화권인 서구에서 연구된 것을 문화권이 다른 우리나라에 적용하고자 하는 것이 기존의 연구 경향이었다. 오랫동안 전통이 되어 온 우리 특유의 조직 문화 중에서 특히 관료적이고 권위주의적인 조직 문화에 새로운 변화가 일어나고 있는 과도기적인 현시점에서 최근에 나타난 리더십 이론인 B.M.Bass의 변형적 리더십 이론을 모델로 하여 우리 기업에 적절한 리더십 유형을 찾는 것이 일차적 목적이며 여기서 찾아낸 리더십 유형 별로 조직원의 상사 만족도에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이 이 연구의 목적이었다. 따라서 이 논문에서 제시한 리더십 유형을 보면 변혁적 리더십 유형에 속하는 것으로 지원적 배려, 카리스마, 과업 동기 자극으로 3분류하였으며 거래적 리더십 유형에 속하는 것으로 상황적 보상, 예외 관리, 소극적 관리로 3분류하여 모두 6유형을제시하고 신뢰성과 타당성을 확인하였다. 실증 연구 결과를 보면 우리나라는 거래적 리더십유형인 상황적보상, 예외 관리, 소극적 관리가 모두 조직원의 상사 만족도에 영향을 미치는것으로 나타나 Bass의 주장과는 다소 상이하다. 그러나 변혁적 리더십 유형인 카리스마, 지원적 배려, 과업 동기 자극에서는 카리스마만이 조직원의 상사 만족도에 영향을 미치고 지원적 배려는 영향력의 정도가 미약하며 과업 동기 자극은 거의 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 리더의 부하 통솔 및 지도 방향에서 아직도 우리나라에서는 거래적 요소가 짙다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 비록 당분간은 리더가 거래적 리더십을 많이 사용하겠지만 기업의 역사가 길어지고 종업원의 교육 훈련의 기회가 많아지면 변혁적 리더십으로 전환되리라 생각된다.가 단층원주상피세포와 단층입방상피가 부위에 따라 다르게 분포하고 있으며, 상피세포 및 결합조직에는 두터운 근육층이 있어 음경의강한 운동성이 감지 되었다. 제주도 내의 서귀포 부근에서는 현재 천연기념물로 지정되어 있는 서귀포층내에서 많은 화석들이 산출되고 있다. 이 시대는 빙하기와 간빙기가 교호하던 시대로서, 분석 결과에 의하면 서귀포층이 쌓일 당시에 우리 나라는 빙하기의 영향을 받았던 것으로 생각된다.is)은 근섬유가 산재된 두꺼운 벽을 가졌으며 상음경보다 굵은 원통형이었다. 내강은 많은 돌출부에 의해 복잡하게 나뉘어 있으며 상피세포는 원주 세포로 이루어져 있었고 섬모는 관찰되지 않았다. 내강 내의 분비물과 세포의 형태로 보아 내강상피세포는 분비기능을 가진 것으로 사료된다.술적 문제가 적절히 해결되는 경우 비활성 가스 제너레이터는 민수용으로는 대형 빌딩, 산림, 유조선 등의 화재에 매우 적절히 사용되어 질 수 있을 뿐 아니라 군사적으로도 군사작전 중 및 공군 기지의 화재 그리고 지하벙커에 설치되어 있는 고급 첨단 군사 장비 등의 화재 뿐 아니라 대간첩작전 등에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.가 작으며, 본 연소관에 충전된 RDX/AP계 추진제의 경우 추진제의 습기투과에 의한 추진제 물성 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났다.의 향상으로, 음성개선에 효과적이라고 사료되었으며, 이 방법이 편측 성대마비 환자의 효과적인 음성개선의 치료방법의 하나로 응용될 수 있으리라 생각된다..7%), 혈액투석, 식도부분절제술 및 위루술·위회장문합술을 시행한 경우가 각 1례(2.9%)씩이었다. 13) 심각한 합병증은 9례(26.5%)에서 보였는데 그중 식도협착증이 6례(17.6%), 급성신부전증 1례(2.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-82
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• 2005

The couple force of the scapular stabilizers for upward rotation that include the upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior muscles is essential to maintain the stability of shoulder joint. But if there is an imbalance of these muscles, it would occur many problems of shoulder joint. A push-up plus exercise with an unstable support is used in order to increase the muscle activity and stimulate the proprioception of shoulder joint. The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activity of upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior muscles and to determine which exercise is more effective when subjects perform push-up plus exercise in the stable support and unstable support. 15 healthy subjects and 15 painful subjects with injury of shoulder joint participated in this study. Surface electromyography data were collected during plus phase of push-up plus exercise. The types of push-up plus exercise were composed of three conditions. Stable type is subjects performed the push-up plus exercise on the fixed support and unstable type 1 is on the sling without shaking and unstable type 2 is on the sling with shaking by tester's manual. The upper and lower trapezius activities of injured group were higher than uninjured group at three measure conditions, but serratus anterior activities were not. The UT/SA ratio of injured group was higher than uninjured group at three measure conditions. The serratus anterior activities were most high at unstable 2 measure in both groups. The UT/SA ratio was most low at unstable 2 measure condition in injured group only. The present result revealed that push-up plus exercise in the unstable support with shaking which took most high serratus anterior activities and most low of UT/SA ratio is optimal cure method that can improve the imbalance of the scapular stabilizer.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 1987

The native myosin and paramyosin extracted from the ordinary muscle of yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradita) and the adductor muscle of whelk (Neptunea arthritica cumingi) were studied for their physico-chemical characteristics. Molecular weight, molar extinction coefficient at 278 nm and intrinsic viscosity were accounted for $4.6{\times}10^5$dalton, 5.44 in $E^{1cm}_{1%}$ and 1.60 dl/g in yellowtail myosin, and $2.0{\times}10^5$ dalton, 3.04 in $E^{1cm}_{1%}$ and 2.60 dl/g in whelk paramyosin, respectively. Yellowtail myosin showed a $0.342\;{\mu}mole-Pi/min/mg-protein$ of ${Ca}^{2+}-ATPase$ activity and contained 40 group-SH/mole-myosin. The ratio of polar amino acids to non-polar amino acids and that of acidic amino acids to basic amino acids were 0.54 and 1.64 in yellowtail moysin, and were 0.47 and 2.42 in whelk paramyosin, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1993

한국의 담수에 광범위하게 서식하고 있으면서 역학적으로 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 두 종의 복족류 즉 쇠우렁이(Parafossarulus manchouricus)와 물달팽이(Radix auricularia coreana)의 소화기관 중에서 식도, 소화선 및 장에 대한 미세구조 관찰을 시도하였다. 이 부위들은 간흡충(간디스토마)과간질(소간디스토마)의 유생들이 그들의 생활사 중 거쳐가는 곳으로 알려진 소화관들이어서 이후 흡충류의 유충들이 위의 소화관에 주는 영향을 연구하는데 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 수행된 것이었다. 관찰해 본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 식도의 상피조직은 두 종류에서 공히 원주세포와 원주섬모세포 및 점액분비 세포로 이루어져 있었다. 식도강상피 내에서도 어느 정도의 흡수와 소화가 이루어 지고 있음은 특이한 현상이라 하겠다. 소화선은 두 종에서 공히 복분지 관상선으로서 그 상피는 micovilli를 선강 또는 도관에 연한 유리표면에 가지고 있어 brush boredr을 이루고 있는 원주세포과 원주섬모세포로 구성되어 있었다. 이들 세포들의 내부 구조로 보아 소화세포와 배석세포로 구분할 수 있었다. 장의 상피는 원주세포와 원주섬모세포로 구성되어 있었으며 이들도 장강에 연한 유리표면에는 brush border를 이루고 있었다. 흡수와 분비기능이 활발한 것으로 사료된다. 전반적으로 보아 본 연구에서 관찰한 두 복족류의 소화관은 모든 부위에서 세포의 유리표면에 microvilli를 가지고 있어 물질의 흡수기능을 가지고 있음을 시사해주고 있었고, 이들 세포 중에는 때로 밀집한 cilia를 가지고 있어 소화관 내의 액체물질이나 이에 내포된 미세입자들의 유동을 도와주고 있음을 추측할 수 있었다.)은 결합조직으로 이루어진 근육질의 두꺼운 벽을 가지고 있었으며 내강은 돌출부위에 의해 4부분으로 갈라져 있었다. 내강에 연한 상피는 원주세포로 되어 있었다. 상음경(epiphallus)의 벽은 근섬유 다발은 벽의 외곽으로 갈수록 밀도가 높아졌다. 상부에 내강과 연결되는 함입구조(groove)를 가지며, 내강에 연한 상피는 섬모가 없는 원주세포로 이루어져 있었다. 음경(penis)은 근섬유가 산재된 두꺼운 벽을 가졌으며 상음경보다 굵은 원통형이었다. 내강은 많은 돌출부에 의해 복잡하게 나뉘어 있으며 상피세포는 원주 세포로 이루어져 있었고 섬모는 관찰되지 않았다. 내강 내의 분비물과 세포의 형태로 보아 내강상피세포는 분비기능을 가진 것으로 사료된다.술적 문제가 적절히 해결되는 경우 비활성 가스 제너레이터는 민수용으로는 대형 빌딩, 산림, 유조선 등의 화재에 매우 적절히 사용되어 질 수 있을 뿐 아니라 군사적으로도 군사작전 중 및 공군 기지의 화재 그리고 지하벙커에 설치되어 있는 고급 첨단 군사 장비 등의 화재 뿐 아니라 대간첩작전 등에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.가 작으며, 본 연소관에 충전된 RDX/AP계 추진제의 경우 추진제의 습기투과에 의한 추진제 물성 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났다.의 향상으로, 음성개선에 효과적이라고 사료되었으며, 이 방법이 편측 성대마비 환자의 효과적인 음성개선의 치료방법의 하나로 응용될 수 있으리라 생각된다..7%), 혈액투석, 식도부분절제술 및 위루술·위회장문합술을 시행한 경우가 각 1례(2.9%)씩이었다. 13) 심각한 합병증은 9례(26.5%)에서 보였는데 그중 식도협착증이 6례(17.6%), 급성신부전증 1례(2.9%), 종격동기흉과 폐염이 병발한 경우와 폐염이 각