• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2007

Although the result of the tree height growth after water treatment, Fraxinus rhynchophylla has little affection by the artificial water treatment, the growth showed decreased tendency as the soil moisture decreased, and F. mandshurica showed high growth in relatively high soil moist $78{\sim}90%$ treated area. The growth of root collar diameter of F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica also showed decreased tendency as soil moisture decreased. The changes of biomass according to dry weight of root, stem, leaves of F. rhynchophylla demonstrating statistical significance as moisture contents of soil is lower showing decreased biomass tendency and in the treatment of $78{\sim}90%$(A) moisture content showed more than double the higher biomass compare to the treated area of $18{\sim}30%$(D) moisture contents. Also F. mandshurica showed statistical significance in A and D treatment demonstrating differences among each treatment. This can be purported to have physiological effects like weakening of seedling and softening of tissues including leaves as soil moisture decreased. Ultimately it is regarded to the main reason of unsatisfactory growth for F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica that are weak to drought resistance. SLA, which is one of the special traits of leaf area of F. rhynchophylla, didn't show statistical significance between moisture process, it demonstrated decreased tendency as the moisture content interval is minimal. LAR and LWR showed increased tendency while moisture content didn't show statistical significance between treatments as they are minimal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

탄화규소 전력반도체 소자는 실리콘 전력반도체 소자에 비해 우수한 물질특성을 갖고 있어 성능 측면에서 뿐 만 아니라 전력변환장비의 크기를 획기적으로 줄일 수 있는 새로운 반도체 소자이다. 특히 unipolar 계열의 소자에서 괄목할 만한 특성을 보이고 있다. 현재 쇼트키 장벽 다이오드의 경우 5kV급, UMOSFET의 경우 3kV급의 소자까지 보고되고 있으며 반도체 물질 중에서 가장 활발히 연구가 진행되고 있는 분야 중의 하나이다. 단결정성장 분야에서도 3인치 급이 상용화 되었으며 4인치 크기의 웨이퍼의 상용화가 조만간 실현될 것으로 기대되고 있다. 이러한 기술적 발전을 토대로 600V, 1200V급 쇼트키 다이오드가 PFC boost 용으로 시판되고 있으나 아직은 다른 반도체 소자에 비해 미미한 실정이다. 현재에는 $250^{\circ}C$까지의 온도영역에서 실리콘 SOI(Silicon on Insulator) 소자가 주로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 $300^{\circ}C$를 넘는 온도 영역에서는 실리콘으로는 한계가 있고, 특히 SOI는 전력소자에 적용하기는 한계가 있어 주로 저전력 고온소자가 필요한 부분에 적용이 되고 있다. 따라서 전력용에 적합한 고온소자로 탄화규소 소자의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 현재의 추세로 보아 $200-300^{\circ}C$ 영역의 응용분야에서는 SOI와 탄화규소가 함께 적용될 것으로 예상되며, $300^{\circ}C$를 넘는 온도영역에서는 탄화규소 소자의 우월적 지위가 예상된다. 이러한 이유로 탄화규소 반도체소자의 응용 분야는 크게 확대될 것으로 예상되며 국가적 차원의 지원 및 육성이 요구되는 분야 중의 하나이다.t로 사용한 소자보다 발광 소광 현상이 적게 일어난 것에 기인하였다고 생각된다. 두 소자 모두 $40mA/cm^2$ 에서 이상적인 화이트 발란스와 같은(0.33,0.33)의 색좌표를 보였다.epsilon}_0=1345$의 빼어난 압전 및 유전특성과 $330^{\circ}C$의 높은 $T_c$를 보였고 그 조성의 vibration velocity는 약4.5 m/s로 나타났다.한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 고 자장 영상에서의 rf field 에 의한 SAR 증가는 중요한 제한 요소로 부각되고 있다. 나선주사영상은 SAR 문제가 근원적으로 발생하지 않고, EPI에 비하여 하드웨어 요구 조건이 낮아 고 자장에서의 고속영상방법으로 적합하다. 본 논문에서는 고차 shimming 을 통하여 불균일도를 개선하고, single shot 과 interleaving 을 적용한 multi-shot 나선주사영상 기법으로 $100{\times}100$에서 $256{\times}256$의 고해상도 영상을 얻어 고 자장에서 초고속영상기법으로 다양한 적용 가능성을 보였다. 연구에서 연구된 $[^{18}F]F_2$가스는 친핵성 치환반응으로 방사성동위원소를 도입하기 어려운 다양한 방사성의 약품개발에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.었으나 움직임 보정 후 영상을 이용하여 비교한 경우, 결합능 변화가 선조체 영역에서 국한되어 나타나며 그 유의성이 움직임 보정 전에 비하여 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 뇌활성화 과제 수행시에 동반되는 피험자의 머리 움직임에 의하여 도파민 유리가 과대평가되었으며 이는 이 연구에서 제안한 영상정합을 이용한 움직임 보정기

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.100-107
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• 2007

People have spent lots of time inside building about 90% of these day. Industry has been developed rapidly after I960. Construction materials had changed from natural materials to chemical materials and confidentiality of building has been more higher than before by policy of saving energy. These have caused sick-building syndrome (SBS) for us. So people want environmental construction materials for their house. We designed a environmental loess (yellow soil) finishing material which was composed of loess, water, water-soluble resin, hardener and filler. The purposes of this study were that making an environmental loess finishing material with optimum ratio, evaluating the usability of loess finishing material for wall. Furthermore it was suitable for wall to evaluate mechanical properties that are impact test, cracking test, abrasion test and de-bonding test, environmental properties that were emission of VOCs, formaldehyde and far infrared radiation.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 2017

We investigates geochemical and tectonic characteristics for the Triassic Bojangsan trachyte in the southern margin of the Imjingang belt. The geochemical signatures of the thracyte are characterized by enrichments of REE and HFS, and show no Nb trough, suggesting that would not experience arc magmatic processes involving continental crustal materials. The trachyte reveals within-plate setting in tectonic discrimination diagrams using immobile HFS Nb and Y elements. And the trachyte shows typical signatures of A-type volcanic rocks with high Ga abundance and is classified as A1-type volcanic rocks rich in Nb. The geochemical signatures suggest that the trachyte was produced by the differentiation of mantle-derived magmatism at the continental rift in extensional setting subsequent to a major collision during the Permo-Triassic Songrim orogeny. The results provide robust evodence to consider the Imjingang belt as an extension of the the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu belt between the North and South China blocks.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.123
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• pp.281-307
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• 2012

In the modern society, we have come to recognize human emotions such as anxiety, fear, pain, anger, sadness, longing, desire and pleasure as important topics of philosophy. How shall we study the 'problem of emotions', or in a bigger sense, the 'problem of empathy'? With this critical mind, the research into empathy can be called as a starting point for studying the deepest feelings and thoughts of human beings in connection with the feelings of other people. Most of all, in order to understand other people and to understand human being itself, the role of sympathy or empathy has been emphasized among the problems of emotions, and this trend is especially distinctive in the philosophy of psychology. I definitely acknowledge that empathy or sympathy takes loneliness and agony away from a human being and therefore it is the starting point of communication between people. However, the very fundamental question of 'what are human beings, and who are they?' is once again reminded. In other words, this thesis focuses on the fact that humans are viewed not only as the existence with a soul or heart, but also as a "unique existence" containing something "material-, life- and spiritual", and in that sense, this world is an ecological organism that contains organic connections of humans, material things, plants and animals, which should be the point of view for approach. And it is also emphasized in this study to approach the question about human beings from the religious spirituality point of view that the society with true love for neighbors could be achieved through religious practices that provide principles and value.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 1997

BaTiO$_{3}$물질은 뛰어난 유전체로 널리 알려져 왔으며 특히 Heywang등이 제안한 PTCR특성은 이 물질의 응용범위를 세라믹 필터, 회로보호소자, 온도감지소자 및 저항가열장치 등으로 확대시켰다. 이러한 특성의 발현기구는 아직까지 밝혀지지 않은 상태이지만 제 특성을 향상시키기 위한 노력은 계속되어왔다. 특히 개발목적에 맞게 온도에 따른 정저항 특성(PTCR; Positive temperature constnat of resistivity phenomena)을 설계하려는 시도가 계속되어 왔으며 그 중에서도 페로브스카아트계의 2가와 4가의 양이온 자리를 등가나 원자가가 다른 양이온으로 치환하여 특성을 개선하려는 시도가 계속되어 왔다. 특히 $Ca^{2+}$나 Sr$^{2+}$는 $Ba^{2+}$자리를 치환할 수 있는 물질로 개별적인 첨가에 대한 연구는 많은 연구자들에 의해 진행된 상태이지만 최종적인 영향이나 해석에 대해서는 연구자들간에 이견이 많은 상태이다. 이번 실험에서는 BaTiO$_{3}$계에 합성한 (Ca, Sr)TiO$_{3}$를 Ca와 Sr의 상대적인 비를 변화시키면서 전체적인 첨가량을 변화시켜 그에 따른 전기적 특성 및 미세구조를 살펴보았다. (Ca, Sr)TiO$_{3}$의 첨가로 상온저항 및 PTCR특성을 변화시킬 수 있었으며 이를 통해 PTCR물질의 활용범위를 넓힐 수 있는 발판을 마련할 계기가 되었다. 특히 기존의 연구가 주로 개별적인 Ca나 Sr의 첨가에 의한 미세구조와 전기적 특성변화의 연구에 치중해 있었던 것과는 달리 Sr과 Ca을 함께 치환하여 상대적인 비가 특성에 더 중요한 영향을 끼치는 것을 확인하였으며 적절한 합성비를 선택하면 퀴리온도에서의 저항변화폭을 유지하면서 상온저항을 낮출 수 있음을 확인하였다.문했던 연구소인 Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Shanghai Institute of Industrial Microbiology 및 Scientific Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industry을 소개하고저 한다. 짧은 기간의 방문이라 주로 해당연구소의 자체소개 자료를 중심으로 방문하면서 느낀점을 기술하고저 한다.초염기성암 기원의 사문암이 열수변질작용을 받아 생성되었음을 명확하게 지시하며, 따라서 활석 광석내에 존재하는 녹니석은 활석의 근원 광물로서 녹니석편암 및 녹니석 편마암 매의 녹니석이 활석화되고 남은 잔존광물이 아니라, 주변암에 의해 성분상의 영향을 받은 열수와 사문암과의 변질교대작용에 의한 활석화과정 중에 주로 생성된 것으로 추정된다. 이러한 결과는 연구지역의 활석광상이 초염기성암의 사문암화 작용과 활석화 작용의 두 가지 변질작용에 의해 형성되어졌음을 알려준다.농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다이 낮았으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다[10.0%(4/40) : 8.2%(20/244), p>0.05]. 결론: 비디오흉강경술에서 재발을 낮추기 위해 수술시 폐야 전체를 관찰하여 존재하는 폐기포를 놓치지 않는 것이 중요하며, 폐기포를 확인하지 못한 경우와 이차성 자연기흉에 대해서는 흉막유착술에 더 세심한 주의가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 비디오흉강경수술은 통증이 적고, 입원기간이 짧고, 사회로의 복귀가 빠르며, 고위험군에 적용할 수 있고, 무엇보다도 미용상의 이점이 크다는 면에서 자연기흉에 대해 유용한 치료방법임에는 틀림이 없으나 개흉술에 비해 재발율이 높고 비용이 비싸다는 문제가 제기되고 있는 만큼 더 세심한 주의와 장기 추적관찰이 필요하리라 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.61-84
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to understand the context of cosumers' lives in Korea with a narrative analysis method. The epistemological orientation of eh narrative analysis is Interpretivism, which blends the two polar philosophical perspectives, Empiricism and Rationalism, and includes Narrotology, Hermeneneutics, Semiotics, and Structural Criticism. Narrative analysis takes as its object of investigation the story itself. This study collects eleven narrative plots from four housewives, into which Labov's structural approach is applied. This study shows clearly that the socio-cultural environment in which consumers live has strong influence on their consumption behavior and also reveals that narrativization tells not only about past actions but how individuals understand those actions, that is, meaning.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2006

Plants of Vitex negundo are known to develop numerous trichomes throughout their body, where certain trichome types have been believed to be one of the plausible structures for the unique scents. In the current study. structural aspects of the trichomes have been examined in leaves and stems of Vitex negundo using TEM and SEM. Trichome types as well as structural changes that occurred in certain trichomes during secretion have been mainly focused. Three type of glandular trichomes and two types of non-glandular trichomes were developed in the epidermis of young and mature Vitex negundo plants. The glandular trichomes included the peltate type (Type 1), the capitate type (Type 2), and degraded capitate type (Type 3), whereas the non-glandular warty trichomes contained the multicellular (Types 4) and unicellular type (Type 5). Type 1 and 2 consisted of head and stalk cells, but their number and size were different. One secretory cavity was formed from the four head cells in the former, but only two head cells were involved in the latter. The cytoplasmic density in the head cell was quite high and in particular, sER and Golgi bodies were well developed. At initiation of their development, the cuticle layer of the head cells separated from the outer tangential wall to form a secretory cavity. Subsequently the cavity expanded acropetally and a large number of secretory vesicles continuously produced from the head cells until they filled the entire cavity. The cavity contained materials that would be soon discharged into intercellular spaces and/or into the air. The cavity began to decrease the volume by contracting at initial secretion but degrade rapidly within short time. It has been suggested that the mode of secretion in V. negundo is probably the eccrine secretion, since no break or rupture of the cavity has been observed during examination. Contrastingly Type 3 exhibited deterioration of the head cell at early stage. Type 4 was about $110{\sim}190{\mu}m$ long, consisting of $2{\sim}3$ cells, and distributed more in the adaxial epidermis compared to the abaxial surface. However, $20{\sim}30{\mu}m$ long Type 5 was extremely dense in both epidermis. Among several trichome types, Type 1 and 2 probably play an important role in discharging unique aromatic scents in plants of V. negundo.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.11
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• pp.109-152
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• 2007

This thesis started from accepting the criticism and concretely seeking the possibility of visual visuality, in particular, visual physicality or physical visuality through the expression revealed in painting space. This study aims at stressing the role of the body in visual perception and pictorial expression by it by examining the interaction between it and the body. First of all, this study explored perception and the position of the body in the great frame of the historical stream from modernism, through minimalism, through post-minimalism to later art in order to confirm the interaction between visual perception and the body or the change in the intervention of physicality in the stream of contemporary art, and connected them with a discourse on perception and the body. It raised as the grounds for it the discussions which provided the theoretical background about perception. It dealt with the scientific discussions on perceptual physicality by Gestalt psychology in perceptive psychology, and next the discussion of Rudolf Arnheim who exemplified Gestalt psychology mainly on the dimension of visual art. It is significant in explaining the perceptual activeness which is the same as that of M. Merleau-Ponty as a primary debater to solve the questions of perceptual physicality and physical visuality. M. Merleau-Ponty set forth ambiguous perception and the body as its background as the fundamental bases for perceiving the world rather than consciousness proved explicitly. As Hal Foster said, as minimalist phenomenological background they provided appropriate theoretical background to the late art rising against modernist logic. Next, after the 1970s Frank Stella showed a working method and a tendency entirely different from those in the previous period. For example, deconstruction of frame, decentralized spatial expression, dynamic and mixed expression, and allowing real space by overlapping were judged to swing to approval of perceptual physicality. Francis Bacon's painting structure, that is, figure, triptych, aplat and a method of production by accident were understood to well reflect M. Merleau-Ponty's chair logic of chiasme. This study tries to seek the possibility of pictorial expression from works aiming at defining the question of seeing in connection with physicality, the role of the body as the body accumulated and the linking with a real, daily life as the background of the body, and confirm the phase shift.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1985

The experiment was conducted to test the effects of ectomycorrhizal inoculation and soil moisture regime on growth and nutrient uptake of Pinus rigida seedlings. Two-year-old seedlings inoculated with either Pisolithus tinctorius or Thelephora terrestris were used for this experiment. There were two moisture treatments and four phosphate treatment levels with three replications. Height and root collar diameter growth and dry weight increase were measured and nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in the tissue were analyzed three months after the initiation of phosphate and moisture regime treatment. Results are as follows; 1) Height growth of seedlings was not affected in all treatments. (mycorrhizae, fertility, moisture). 2) High moisture regime increased root collar diameter growth 2.7 times as large as low moisture regime. 3) In low moisture regime, net production increased 26% in seedlings inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius and increased 72% control seedlings. 4) In high moisture regime, net production of inoculated seedlings with Pisolithus tinctorius increased four times as much as that of control seedlings but increased $P_2O_5$ in fertility level did not affect net production. 5) In uptake of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, Pisolithus tinctorius - inoculated seedlings increased uptake by 1.9, 1.8, and 1.5 times, respectively, as much as control seedlings. 6) Increase in $P_2O_5$ fertility level enhanced the uptake of $P_2O_5$ in Pisolithus tinctorius - inoculated seedlings, but not affected the uptake of $P_2O_5$ in control seedlings. 7) Increase in $P_2O_5$ fertility levels enhanced the uptake of $K_2O$ in Pisolirhus rinctorius - inoculated seedlings.