• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 1984

측정치의 데이터를 그림으로 나타내면 "종을 거꾸로 엎어놓은 모양(Bell Shaped Curve)"의 정 규분포를 이루는 것은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 그러나 수명시험데이터의 경우는 분포의 형이 찌 그러지게 된다. 수명분포는 Weibull분포에 따르므로 Weibull분포에 의한 해석을 하여야 하는 것이 원칙이나 대수정규분포로 근사시켜서 해석을 하여도 실용상 큰 지장은 없다. 수명시험의 경우는 파괴시험이며 장시간의 시험을 요하므로 적은 시료를 시험하는 것이 일반적이다. 특히 자동차공업에 있어서 수명시험은 중요한 품질특성의 하나이며 자동차의 조립에 쓰이는 수만개 부품의 수명을 예측하는 것은 매우 중요한 일이다. 따라서 이 적은 시료에서 얻어낸 데이터를 이용하여 "어떻게 수명의 예측을 올바르게 할 것인가\ulcorner" 하는 문제, 즉 신뢰성의 추정(Reliability Inference)과 로트의 판정이 중요한 문제인 것이다. 이러한 문제의 한 가지 방법으로서 외국에서 이미 널리 활용되고 있는 대수정규확율지를 이용한 수명데이터의 해석 방법을 소개하고자 한다.이터의 해석 방법을 소개하고자 한다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.391-401
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• 2011

Consider a cluster, so called a 'son cluster', whose mean and variance is composed of the means and variances of both clusters called as a 'father cluster' and a 'mother cluster'. In this paper, a method for identifying each of three clusters is provided by modeling the relationship with father and mother clusters. Under the normal mixture model, the parameters are estimated via EM algorithm. We were able to overcome the problems of estimation using ECM approximation. Numerical examples show that our method can effectively identify the three clusters, so called a 'family of clusters'.

• Water for future
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.113-122
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• 1995

A nonlinear wave routing model is suggested for the routing of floods in the natural open channel networks. For the optimization of parameter of the proposed routing model, parameter adjustment is executed through the proposed objective function. The model treats backwater effect form upstream and downstream ends. Solution of formulated model is made possible on computer by adopting a nonlinear finite-difference scheme for the numerical analysis based on a combination of Lax-Wendroff scheme and Burstein-Lapidus modification. Comparison of the results of the proposed model to those of actual hydrograph and dynamic wave routing model denotes that the proposed model is as accurate as actual runoff hydrograph and faster the computer time than the dynamic wave routing model.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 1997

The predicted consolidation behavior of in-situ soft clay is quite different from the meas ureal one mainly due to the approximate numerical modelling techniques as well as the uncertainties involved in soil properties and geological configurations. In order to improve the prediction, this paper takes the following pinto consideration : an optimization technique should be adopted for characterizing the in-situ properties from measurements and also an equivalent and efficient model be considered to incorporate the actual 3-D effects. The soil parameters used be the modified Camflay model, which have an effect on the process of consolidation, were back-analyzed by BFGS scheme on the basis of settlements and pore pressures measured in real sites. The optimization technique was implemented in a general consolidation analysis program SPINED. By using the program, one may be able to appropriately analyze the timetependent consolidation behavior of soft deposits.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.39-45
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• 2021

This paper discusses how to handle incomplete data including missing values. Optimally processing the missing value means obtaining an estimate that is the closest to the original value from the information contained in the training data, and replacing the missing value with this value. The way to achieve this is to use a decision tree that is completed in the process of classifying information by the classifier. In other words, this decision tree is obtained in the process of learning by inputting only complete information that does not include loss values among all training data into the C4.5 classifier. The nodes of this decision tree have classification variable information, and the higher node closer to the root contains more information, and the leaf node forms a classification region through a path from the root. In addition, the average of classified data events is recorded in each region. Events including the missing value are input to this decision tree, and the region closest to the event is searched through a traversal process according to the information of each node. The average value recorded in this area is regarded as an estimate of the missing value, and the compensation process is completed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.11C
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• pp.1118-1122
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a new invisible digital watermarking scheme based on wavelet transform using singular value decomposition. Embedding process is started by decomposing the lowest frequency band image with 3${\times}$3 block among which we define the watermark block chosen by a key set; entropy and condition number of the block. A watermark is embedded in the singular values of each watermark blocks. This provides a robust watermarking in lowest possible time-frequency domain. To detect the watermark, we are locally modeling an attack as 3${\times}$3 matrices on the watermark blocks. Combining with the SVD and the attack matrices, we estimate watermark set corresponding to the watermark blocks. In each watermark block, we determine an optimal watermark which is justified by the T-testing. A numerical experiment shows that the proposed watermarking scheme efficiently detects the watermarks from several JPEG attacks.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 1995

The model equations including scaling factors to estimate the soil water characteristics curve(SWCC) without direct measurement of soil water tension were developed. Scaling were applied to a data set of soil water content, soil water tension, particle size distribution, and OM contents of the 134 soil samples with the 10 soil textural classes. The capability of the model equations was tested on another 205 soil samples. The parameter, ${\theta}^*$, of soil water contents was used by scale transformation as follows : ${\theta}^*=[{\theta}i-{\theta}(1.5MPa)]$/$[{\theta}(10KPa)-{\theta}(1.5MPa)]$ Using ${\theta}^*$ a model equation to estimate SWCC, which was applicable to all textural classes, was developed as follows: $H(0.1MPa)=0.13{\cdot}({\theta}^*)^{-2.04}$. Other model equations to estimate the water content at the soil water tension of 10KPa [${\theta}(10KPa)$] and 1.5MPa [${\theta}(1.5MPa)$], which are required to ${\theta}^*$ were developed by using scale factors of sand(S) and silt(Si) content and organic matter content(OM) as foilows : ${\theta}(10KPa)=26.80-3.99ln[S]+2.36{\sqrt{[Si]}}+2.88[OM]$ ($R=0.81^{**}$) ${\theta}(1.5KPa)=15.75-2.86ln[S]+0.55{\sqrt{[Si]}}+0.70[OM]$ ($R=0.76^{**}$) The measured and estimated values of ${\theta}(1/30MPa)$ on the 205 soil samples were highly correlated on 1 : 1 corresponding line with $R=0.85^{**}$.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.331-340
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• 2000

This study aims to develop a methodology of real time forecasting of mundation risk based on DAMBRK model and Kalman filter. The model is based on implicit, nonlinear finite difference approximatIons of the one-dimensional dynamic wave equations. The stochastic estimator uses on extended Kalman filter to provide optimal updating estimates. These are accomplished by combining the predictions of the determurustic model with real time observauons modified by the Kalman filter gain ractor. Inundation risks are also estimated by applying Monte Carlo simulation to consider the variability in cross section geometry and Manning's roughness coefficient. The model calibrated by applying to the floods ot South Han River on September, 1990 and August, 1995. The Kalman tilter model indicates that significant improvement compared to deteriministic analysis in flood routing predictions in the river. Overtopping risk of levee is also presented by comparing levee height with simulated flood level. level.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4D
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• pp.573-580
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• 2006

The Saturation headway is a major parameter in estimating the intersection capacity and setting the signal timing. But Existing algorithms are still far from being robust in dealing with factors related to the variation of saturation headways at signalized intersections. So this study apply the fuzzy inference system using ANFIS. The ANFIS provides a method for the fuzzy modeling procedure to learn information about a data set, in order to compute the membership function parameters that best allow the associated fuzzy inference system to track the given input/output data. The climate conditions and the degree of brightness were chosen as the input variables when the rate of heavy vehicles is 10-25 %. These factors have the uncertain nature in quantification, which is the reason why these are chosen as the fuzzy variables. A neuro-fuzzy inference model to estimate saturation headways at signalized intersections was constructed in this study. Evaluating the model using the statistics of $R^2$, MAE and MSE, it was shown that the explainability of the model was very high, the values of the statistics being 0.993, 0.0289, 0.0173 respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.499-505
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control for nonlinear systems without parameter projection method. By modifying the controller structure, the parameters of the estimated input gain function are guaranteed not being identically zero and it is shown that the control scheme will not cause any implementation problem even if the estimated value of input gain function is zero at any moment during on-line operations. Except for the input gain function which an approximate estimate for its lower bound is needed, the proposed control scheme does not assume a priori the exact values of the bounding parameters. Based on Lyapunov synthesis methods, the overall control system guarantees that the tracking error asymptotically converges to zero and that all signals involved in controller are uniformly bounded. This can be illustrated by the simulation results for an inverted pendulum system.