• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

The goal of this study is to retrofit the windows of residential buildings and to activate the green remodeling by verifying energy saving and indoor thermal environment. As a result of analysis of the energy saving effect of 458 units window retrofits, it was possible to reduce the energy requirement by 48.20% ~ 54.97%. According to the improvement on indoor environment, it was possible to operate by reducing heating temperature and supply time. The actual gas consumption of the heating period was reduced by 25% compared with that of the window retarder to save 28,968 thousand won of heating energy cost. Resident's satisfaction surveys were conducted one year after window retrofit. More than 80% of the respondents answered that they satisfied the improvement on window performance, indoor thermal environment and indoor sound environment. As a result, we verified the energy saving effect and the improvement on the indoor environment through window retrofits.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2013

As energy becomes an important source of power for national competitive force, not only Government administrations but also private sectors are striving to save energy. The purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate energy consumption of the corridor with and without window when improving the energy environment by installing door and window on the open area of entrance for one-side corridor type apartment. The energy usage was examined through this improvement process and the energy consumption amount was compared and analyzed by simulation before and after the installation. It is desired for this study to contribute to the government's green remodeling project.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

Due to the Climate change and resource shortage by global warming, various problems are rising and getting worse around the world. Many countries are doing the considerable efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The government of South Korea also plans to decrease greenhouse gas emission, the various pilot projects are underway, which includes obligation of energy efficiency 1st rating and greenhouse gas target management system of public buildings. In particular, luxurious government office buildings and energy-wasting public building have issued and emerged as a social problem. Energy efficiency improvement of the existing public office buildings are becoming an important issue recently. This study is proposed the step-by-step energy improvement model according to the building energy efficiency rate in order to reduce the energy consumption. To attain this end, I set up a base model by analyzing the current architectural conditions of the existing public office buildings and grasped the specific properties of building energy consumption through energy simulations. Furthermore, I suggested phased reduction prototypes for the reduction target of energy consumption by applying the methods of the zero energy building plan. This study is expecting that prototypes would give directions when it comes to planning the implementation policy of phased building plan factors, according the building energy consumption reduction goal in the existing public office buildings which are the subject of building energy target management system.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.341-349
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• 2016

This study is intended to set a greenhouse gas emission scenario based on green remodeling pilot project (Annex building of Seoul Customs Office) using LEAP model, a long-term energy plan analysis model, to calculate the energy saving and greenhouse gas emission till year 2035 as well as to analyze the effect of electric power saving cost. Total 4 scenarios were made, Baseline scenario, assuming the past trend is to be maintained in the future, green remodeling scenario, reflecting actual green remodeling project of Seoul Customs Office, behavior improvement and renewable energy supply, and Total scenario. According to the analysis result, the energy demand in 2035 of Baseline scenario was 6.1% decreased from base year 2013, that of green remodeling scenario was 17.5%, that of behavior improvement and renewable energy supply scenario was 21.1% and that of total scenario was 27.3%. The greenhouse emission of base year 2013 was $878.2tCO_2eq$, and it was expected $826.3tCO_2eq$, approx. 5.9% reduced, in 2035 by Baseline scenario. the cumulative greenhouse gas emission saving of the analyzing period were $-26.5tCO_2eq$ by green remodeling scenario, $2.8k\;tCO_2eq$ by behavior improvement and renewable energy supply scenario, and $2.0k\;tCO_2eq$ by total scenario. In addition the effect of electricity saving cost through energy saving has been estimated, and it was approx. 634 million won by green remodeling scenario and appro. 726 million won by behavior improvement and renewable energy supply scenario. So it is analyzed that of behavior improvement and renewable energy supply scenario would be approx. 12.7% higher than that of green remodeling scenario.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2024

The prototypical building energy model is very useful in building energy policies, research, and technology development. A prototypical apartment model for detailed energy analysis was proposed by Seo et al. in 2014, but sufficient verification was not possible due to the lack of reliable measurement data in predicting the model's energy consumption. However, verification is now possible thanks to a recent study that analyzed the Household Energy Panel Survey (HEPS) data that is released annually by the Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI) and published apartment complex benchmark data. The data was used to calibrate the prototypical apartment energy model located in the central region and constructed between 1990 and 1999. The calibrated model was used to verify the other apartment building groups with respect to region and year of completion. Meteorological data for five representative cities each in the central and southern regions were used for the simulation. A majority of the 18 groups produced results that satisfied the MBE and cv(RMSE) criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

Carbon neutrality refers to a state in which there is no global increase in CO₂ emissions due to human activities. In Korea, for carbon neutrality, green remodeling of existing buildings and customized support tasks for zero energy in new buildings are presented. Germany is showing fundamental changes in energy supply, such as applying renewable energy and higher energy efficiency from nuclear and fossil fuels, which were the existing energy sources. In this study, how Germany establishes policies for carbon neutrality at each state level and the cases applied to increase the energy efficiency of the actually applied residential complexes are analyzed based on this. As a result of the case complex analysis, it was found that the construction direction was being promoted as a zero-energy complex or a carbon-neutral complex by gradually reducing the energy demand in buildings and supplying additional energy with new and renewable energy in the low-energy building distribution in the 1990s. In Germany's ecological complex, energy standards have been strengthened from low-energy architecture to plus-energy architecture over time, and annual heating energy consumption standards and heat transmittance rates for each structure have been achieved at a higher level. The results of this analysis will serve as basic data and derivation of applicable items when planning residential complex development and remodeling of existing buildings for the domestic carbon-neutral goal in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 2011

Apartment housings that adopt a bearing wall structure design, which account for a majority of the housing units available in Korea, are not free from structural constraints that limit the extension of their service life. The resulting need for reconstruction from the ground up requires a massive consumption of resources and energy, and triggers environmental pollution resulting from construction wastes. As a solution to such issues, the government enforces incentive schemes to promote a remodeling-friendly rahmen structure design. Green Frame, which is a novel concept of composite precast concrete structure to support rahmen structure apartment housing buildings, can address the constraints of bearing wall structure and conventional rahmen structure designs that limit the potential for remodeling projects, while reducing the term of construction. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the characteristics of Green Frame and its absolute term of construction, and compare the terms of frame work construction in apartment housing projects adopting different structural design approaches to illuminate their differences. In the end, Green Frame is found to be capable of reducing the term of construction in apartment housing projects. As the term of construction is a very critical element of a construction project, Green Frame will ultimately prove to be one of the key enablers to ensure the success of apartment housing construction projects.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2010

The bearing wall apartments which occupy the majority of multi-residential apartment buildings built in Korea, are known for having limited architectural plan flexibility, posing challenges in terms of maintenance and remodeling. The economic losses and environmental issues resulting from the reconstruction of bearing wall apartments are now accumulating to the extent that they are becoming a national concern. Multi-residential apartment buildings, which are now the dominant form of residence in Korea, must accommodate diverse customer needs and changes in life style. A new concept of Rahmen structure with architectural flexibility is Green Frame. GF multi-residence housing is expected to reduce construction costs and shorten the construction schedule by overcoming the shortcomings of conventional bearing wall apartments. This goal is consistent with the national policies that target the reduction of resource and energy consumption. In addition, GF will be established as a core contributor to achieving a reduction in $CO_2$ emissions, which will enable the sustainable growth of domestic construction industry, and address the low-carbon green growth drive implemented by the government.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

This study is a case study to identify the spatial composition and structural problems of existing schools for spatial innovation as a future school that can operate a credit system for old high schools and establish a mid-to-long-term arrangement plan as a credit system operating school capable of various teaching and learning in the future. The study results are as follows: First, most of the problems of the old high schools entailed that there was very poor connectivity between buildings as most of them were arranged in a single, standard design-type unit building and distributed in multiple buildings. In addition, the floor plan of each building is suggested to be a structure in which student exchange and rest functions cannot be achieved during the break period due to the spatial composition of the classroom and hallway concepts. Second, in the direction of the high school space configuration for future school space innovation, the arrangement plan should be established by reflecting the collective arrangement in consideration of the shortening of the movement route and the expansion of subject areas due to the movement of students on the premise of the subject classroom system. Moreover, it is desirable to provide a square-type space for rest and exchange in the central area where communication and exchange are possible according to the moving class. Third, as the evaluation criteria for relocating old high schools, a space program is prepared based on the number of classes in the future, and legal analysis of school land use and land use efficiency analysis considering regional characteristics are conducted. Based on such analysis data, mid-to-long-term land use plans and space arrangement plans for the entire school space such as the school facility complex are established.