• Membrane Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2008

Proton conductive hybrid nanocomposite polymer electrolyte membranes comprising polystyrene-5-poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PHEMA), sulfosuccinic acid (SA) and phosphotungstic acid (PWA) were prepared by varying PWA concentrations. The PHEMA block was thermally crosslinked by SA via the esterification reaction between -OH of PHEMA and -COOH of SA. Upon the incorporation of PWA into the diblock copolymer, the symmetric stretching bands of the $SO_3^-$ group at $1187cm^{-1}$ shifted to a lower wavenumber at $1158cm^{-1}$, demonstrating that the PWA particles strongly interact with the sulfonic acid groups of SA. When the concentration of PWA was increased to 30wt%, the proton conductivity of the composite membrane at room temperature increased from 0.045 to 0.062 S/cm, presumably due to the intrinsic conductivity of the PWA particles and the enhanced acidity of the sulfonic acid in the membranes. The membrane containing 30wt% of PWA exhibited a proton conductivity of 0.126 S/cm at $100^{\circ}C$. Thermal stability of the composite membranes was also enhanced by introducing PWA nanoparticles.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.253-265
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• 2011

When restoring endodontically treated teeth is the mismatch between fiber post size and post space diameter, the resin cement layer is excessively thick in post space and voids are likely to form in it, thus predisposing to de-bonding. The method to overcome this problem is to reline the fiber post with composite resin. This individual anatomic post improves the adaptation of post to root walls and decreases the resin cement thickness. The purpose of this in vivo study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of fiber post according to relining procedure and luting agents type used for simplicity of clinical procedure. Forty-two extracted teeth were divides into six groups.(n=7) A1: relined fiber post cemented with Luxacore/all-bons 2, A2: non-relined fiber post cemented with Luxacore/all-bond2, B1: relinind fiber post cemented with Calibra/XP-bond, B2: non-relined fiber post cemented with Calibra/XP-bond, C1: relined fiber post cemented with RelyX Unicem, C2: non-relined fiber post cemented with RelyX Unicem Push-out bond strength was affected by interaction between relining procedure and luting agent type. Relined fiber post presented higher push-out bond strength value than non-relined fiber post and statically significant differences(p<0.05) Cementation with RelyX Unicem showed significantly higher bond strength than other luting agents(p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.145-167
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to investigate the meaning of pre-service educare teachers' experience about child safety management classes based on Problem Based Learning (PBL). The participants in this study were thirty five sophomores majoring in Social Welfare, and fifteen weeks of data were collected. The participants were given five problems that were related with real situations. During the given period, they made documents from reflective journals, group or individual interviews, and online community resources. Analyzing the documents sheds light on the meaning of the pre-service educare teachers' experience. The results are as follows: First, pre-service educare teachers found themselves recovering confidence, earning recognitions from others, and pursuing their study. Second, they showed continuous conflicts not only with the PBL approach but also with themselves and group members. Finally, they experienced mutual help and interactions among the group members thorough their cooperative learning and they realized the meaning of cooperative learning by means of comparisons and references between the groups. In conclusion, this study confirms the applicability of PBL to the educare teacher training courses and points out specific ways to alleviate the conflicts in applying PBL to class needs in future studies.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.93-112
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare participants' perceived emotion following harmonic changes in music. In this study, 144 participants, aged 19 to 29 years, listened to music online that included low to high harmonic progression in tonal music (major-minor). After listening to each piece of music, participants were asked to rate 4 items using a 7-point Likert scale: emotional potency, arousal, degree to which the harmony impacted the listener's emotions, and listener's preference for the music. There were significant differences between each of the four items upon the level of harmonic progression. When the participants were divided into two groups (i.e., those with a background in music and those with no background in music), there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of emotional potency, but there was no significant interaction effect. This study confirmed that various emotional responses in listeners can be induced by controlling the exogenous variables in musical excerpts. Based on this, it is expected that the harmonic progression level can be provided to the client to be used as an effective therapeutic tool in music therapy intervention.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2023

To investigate the effects of type of exercise on inflammatory factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in middle aged women, we recruited 18 people middle-aged women and they divided into 3 groups (N=6, resistance exercise group, 40-60% of 1RM, N=6 aerobic exercise group, 60-70% of VO2max, N=6, flexibility exercise group, 10-60 sec/sets). The data were compared to the effect of exercise between 50 ~ 60 minutes per a day, 3 day times per week on the body composition, inflammatory factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular compliance in middle aged women. First, in regards to inflammatory factors between groups, a significant difference (p<.05) was identified in the effects of CRP and IL-6 in terms of time (T). Second, regarding vascular endothelial growth factors between groups based on the type of exercise, a significant difference (p<.05) was found in the effects of VEGF's time (T) and the interaction between time and group (TxG). In conclusion, All types of exercise could partially improve inflammatory factors and vascular endothelial growth factors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.620-621
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• 2015

The system performances of WDM channel signals as a function of the number of fiber spans in optical link with the uniform distributions of single mode fiber (SMF) lengths and residual dispersion per span (RDPS) for the compensation for the distorted WDM signals due to the group velocity dispersion (GVD) are evaluated and compared.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.625-626
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• 2015

The optimal distribution pattern for the compensation for the distorted WDM signals due to the group velocity dispersion (GVD) and the nonlinear Kerr effects is induced in $80km{\times}50spans$ optical link with an artificial distributions of single mode fiber (SMF) lengths and residual dispersion per span (RDPS).

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.513-516
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• 2005

단백질 2DE 이미지 분석의 주요작업은 스팟 매칭에 의한 동일한 종류의 단백질 그룹인 패어링 클래스를 구성하는 것으로서 단백질간의 상호 작용, 질병에 관련한 단백질의 변화 등을 관찰할 수 있다. 하지만 2DE 실험의 여러 가지 문제점으로 인하여 패어링 클래스는 먼지, 공기방울 등 에러를 포함하게 되며 이런 에러들은 왜곡된 분석결과를 초래한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 동일한 조직에서 같은 종류의 단백질은 발현량이 비슷하다는 특성을 이용하여 패어링 클래스의 개개의 스팟을 참조 스팟 속성으로 나눈 값을 유사도로 정의하고, 스팟의 유사도가 사용자에 의하여 선택되는 필터링 배수에 의한 범위를 벗어날 때 에러 스팟으로 간주하여 제거되는 에러 필터링 기법을 제안한다. 실험에서는 정확도(Precision), 재현율(Recall) 및 조화평균(Harmonic-mean) 값을 사용하여 제안된 필터링 기법의 타당성을 보여준다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.744-746
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• 2017

The maximum number of fiber spans is induced in disoersion-managed optical links with the non-midway optical phase conjugator (OPC) for the compensation of the distorted WDM signals due to the group velocity dispersion (GVD) are evaluated and compared.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.592-594
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• 2000

오늘날과 같이 급변하는 사회 속에서 개인 혼자서 모든 일을 처리하기보다는 여러 사람과 함께 열린 사고로 일을 처리하는 것이 훨씬 효율적이다. 학습에서도 마찬가지로 협동학습은 지식뿐만 아니라 인성적인 면에도 영향을 끼치게 된다. 본 논문에서는 구성주의에 입각한 웹기반 협동학습 시스템을 설계 및 구현하여 실제 학습 수업에서 활용한다. 이 시스템에서는 학습내용을 구성하는 부분과 이를 이용하여 학습을 수행하는 부분들이 교수자간 및 학습자간에 협동을 한다. 이는 고차원적인 사고를 요구하는 문제해결학습을 통해 학습자 개개인의 능력을 최대한 개발할 수 있고, 학습 성취감을 증가시킬 수 있다. 또한 그동안 부족했던 웹상에서의 상호작용적인 측면을 강화하여 면대면 교육과 같은 즉각적인 효과도 얻을 수 있다.