• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2004

The wall in a subway structure is easily subject to crack occurrence since its expansion and shrinkage associated with hydration heat reaction is constrained by the slab. The greater problem is that the crack in the wall may be developed to pass through thickness and eventually deteriorate the structure due to rusting of reinforced steel. Thus, this study aims at controlling thermal cracks as much as possible and determining an optimized size of concrete placement through hydration heat analysis. For this study, effects of placement height, length, temperature and types of cement on the thermal cracks were evaluated by temperature rise, thermal stress and crack index. As results of parametric study, it was found that placement height and length do not have an effect on the temperature rise but have significant one on thermal stress which relates to direct possibility of thermal crack occurrence. This means that proper selection of size balancing internal constraint with external one is much more important than reducing the placement height and length simply. In order to prevent from thermal cracks most effectively, in addition, it was noted to reduce placement temperature and to use the cement blended with mineral admixture.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.93-93
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 EGW, FCAW 공정 적용에 따른 고강도 극후판 EH36-TMCP강 용접부의 역학적 거동 및 파괴인성 $K_{IC}$ 을 규명하기 위해, 먼저 열분포, 열탄소성 수치해석을 통하여 용접부의 역학적 거동(용접잔류응력, 소성변형율 등의 크기, 분포, 발생기구)을 고찰하였다. 그리고 이때 얻어진 잔류응력을 초기응력으로 하여, 잔류응력과 외력의 복합하중에 대한 파괴인성 $K_{Ic}$ 특성을 해석하였다. 용접공정별 균열이 존재하는 용접부의 파괴기준을 살펴보면, EGW용접부의 경우가 FCAW용접부의 경우에 비해 균열의 성장이 다소 용이하여 $K_{IC}$ 값이 다소 낮게 나타났다. EGW용접부의 파괴인성 $K_{IC}$ 경우 중첩된 경우(복합하중)가 순수 외력만 작용하는 경우보다 파괴 인성치가 다소 감소하는 경향을 보이고, a/W가 작을 경우 중첩의 경우가 순수 외력만의 경우보다 파괴인성치 차이가 크나, a/W가 증가함에 따라 그 차이가 점차 없어지는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, FCAW용접부의 경우 균열길이가 작은 범위에서는 중첩된 경우가 순수 외력만 작용 할 경우보다 파괴 인성치가 다소 증가함을 보이지만, a/W가 증가함에 따라 순수 외력만의 작용의 경우와 중첩의 경우의 파괴인성 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2019

Controlling the blast-induced damage zone(BDZ) in mining excavation is a significant issue for the safety of employees and the maintenance of facilities. Numerous studies have been conducted to accurately predict the BDZ in underground mining. This study employed the dynamic fracture process analysis (DFPA) to estimate the BDZ from a single hole blasting. The estimated BDZ were compared with the results obtained by Swedish empirical equation. The DFPA was also used to investigate the control mechanism of BDZ and fracture plane formation around perimeter holes for underground mining blasting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1990.11a
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• pp.36-40
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• 1990

세라믹재료는 ductility가 작아 그 강도가 균열의 가혹성, 즉 크기와 모양에 의하여 결정되는 특징을 가지고 있다. 한편 마모는 표면에 균열을 생성시킬 수 있기 때문에 강도에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 그러나 지금까지 강도에 미치는 마모의 영향은 잘 밝혀져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 세라믹재료중에서도 물리적 성질들이 잘 알려져 있는 알루미나를 택하여 마모기구를 관찰하고 마모가 강도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 소결후 고온등방가압 처리된 알루미나 소결체를 입수하여 3mmX4mmX40mm크기의 굽힘시험시편으로 가공하였다. 두개의 4mmX40mm면중에서 한명을 diamond paste $1\mu m$까지 사용하여 polishing하였다. 시편의 polishing된 면위에 질화규소 볼을 올려 놓고, 하중을 가한 상태에서 볼을 와복운동시켰다. 시편위에 형성되는 마모흔적의 길이를 16mm이상이 되도록 하였다. 왕복속도는 약 2 헤르쯔도 하였다. 하중은 300, 600, 900N으로 하였다. 윤활유로는 paraffin oil을 사용하였다. 마모시험이 끝난 시편을 광학현미경 및 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 후, 4-점굽힘시험하여 강도를 구하였다. 4-점굽힘시험시 외부 및 내부 지지점간의 거리는 30mm, 10mm로 하였으며, cross head speed는 분당 0.5mm로 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05b
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• pp.617-620
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• 2006

This study is related to comprehending performance for watertightness and crack control of concrete added with crack reducing agent concerning to high strength concrete mixs. It was confirmed that watertightness of concrete added with agent could be improved by evaluation absorption ratio, permeability ratio and pore size distribution of hardened concrete. As well resistance to crack resulted from shrinkage was transferred to better state by the addition of agent.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 1997

Silicon Nitride samples with different microstructure were prepared by hot pressing and subsequent heat treatment under N2 gas pressure. The fracture toughness (KIC)of Si3N4 increased with the increase of grain size, but the bending strength of plain specimen($\sigma$F) decreased. The relation between fracture stress($\sigma$c) and equivalent crack length(ae) agreed well with the calculated values by process zone size failure criterion. A probabilistic failure assessment curve is proposed based on both statistical character of $\sigma$F and KIC.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2001

고 인성의 Y-TZP 세라믹스에 0.5$\mu\textrm{m}$, 1$\mu\textrm{m}$, 3$\mu\textrm{m}$ 알루미나를 20 vol% 분산시킨 후 입자크기에 따른 미세구조와 파괴인성 변화를 관찰하였다. 알루미나 분산 지르코니아 세라믹스는 98% 이상의 높은 밀도를 나타내었으며, 알루미나 입자가 균질하게 분산된 치말한 미세구조를 나타내었다. 알루미나를 분산시킨 시편에서는 순수 지르코니아에 비하면 파괴인성이 증가하였고, 분산시킨 알루미나 입자크기가 증가함에 따라 파괴인성이 증가하였다. 파괴인성은 분산된 알루미나 입자크기가 3$\mu\textrm{m}$일 때 3Y-TZP는 8.6 MPa.m$^{1}$2/에서 12.5 MPa.m$^{1}$2/로, 2Y-TZP는 13.5 MPa.m$^{1}$2/에서 18.9 MPa.m$^{1}$2/로 각각 증가하였는데, 이는 파괴시 알루미나 입자에 의한 균열편향 효과로 인하여 균열길이가 증가하기 때문이었다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.96-101
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• 2001

The development of a new experimental method is required to easily observe the growth behavior of fatigue cracks. To satisfy the requirement, an image processing technique was introduced to fatigue testing. The length of surface fatigue crack could be successfully measured by the image processing system. At first, the image data of cracks were stored into the computer while the cyclic loading was interrupted. After testing, crack length was determined using image processing software which was developed by ourselves. Block matching method was applied to the detection of surface fatigue cracks. By comparing the data measured by image processing system with the data measured by manual measurement with a microscope, the effectiveness of the image processing system was established. If the proposed method is used to monitor and observe the crack growth behavior automatically, the time and efforts for fatigue test could be dramatically reduced.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1192-1197
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to investigate the hydride embrittlement when the LBB evaluation is carried out for the integrity of PHWR Pressure Tubes. The transverse tensile and CCT tests were performed at three hydrogen concentrations while the test temperatures were changed (RT to $300^{\circ}C$). The specimens were directly machined from the pressure tube retaining original curvature. Both the transverse tensile and the fracture toughness tests showed the hydrogen embrittlement clearly at RT but this phenomenon was disappeared while the test temperature arrived over $250^{\circ}C$. Using the DHC test results, the CCL and LBB time were calculated and compared. The hydride embrittlement behavior at the LBB evaluation was definitely showed.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1109-1114
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• 2003

The initial crack often occurs on the bonded interface and it is the general cause of the interface fracture. It is very significant to establish the measurement method of interfacial crack by applying the ultrasonic technology into the interface of bonded dissimilar materials. In this paper, the interfacial crack length was measured by ultrasonic attenuation coefficient in the Al/Epoxy bonded dissimilar materials of double-cantilever beam(DCB). The energy release rate, G, was obtained by the experimental and Ripling's equation measurement of compliance. The experimental results represent that the relation between interfacial crack length for the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and energy release rate is increased proportionally. From the experimental results, a measurement method of the interfacial crack length by the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient was proposed and discussed.