• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.77-80
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• 1989

높임법의 최소형 정립은 말본범주의 인지뿐만 아니라, 사전의 어휘항복 설정에 절대적 중요성을 갖는다. 굴곡가지의 높임법 낱덩이, 곧 최소형 인지의 요건은 첫째, 분포상 굴곡가지가 줄기에 직접 통합되어야 한다는 것이며, 둘째, 줄기에 직접 통합되는 요소가 높임법의 의미를 가져야 한다는 것이다. 단순형태소가 줄기에 직접 통합하여 존대의 의미를 가지는 것은 홑최소형이 되고, 다른 것과 의무적으로 통합하여 줄기에 직접 통합되는 것은 겹최소형이다. 의무적인 겹최소형이 다시 독립적으로 설 수 있는 비의무적 요소와 통합하여 새로운 존대의 의미를 생성한다면, 이 또한 겹최소형이 된다. 높임의 최소형은 높임법과 의항법의 이차원의 성격을 띤다. 따라서 높임의 최소형의 전 분포는 높임의 등분과 함께, 의향법 체계에 걸쳐 있다. 최소형은 풀이씨의 종류에 따라 다름도 주의할 일이다. 시상법은 높임법의 구성소일 뿐이며, 또한 그 자체 독립하는 것으로 높임법과 의향법과는 그 차원을 달리한다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 운전 상황과 도로 상황에 따른 자율신경계의 반응을 측정하는 것이다. 지금까지의 생리 신호는 대부분 제한된 실험실에서 측정되었고, 이 결과들은 자연스러운 상황에 측정된 데이터와는 차이가 있을 것이다. 그러므로 보다 동적인 환경에서 인간의 감성을 추출하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 건강한 5명의 피험자로부터 심박 변화율, 피부 저항, 피부온도 등의 생리 신호를 측정하였다. 먼저, 정차, 정속 주행, 급출발, 급제동의 운전 상황 변화에 따른 자율신경계의 반응을 측정하였고, 둘째로, 직선 도로와 굴곡이 심한 도로에서 정속 주행을 하면서 생리 신호를 측정하여 도로상황 변화에 따른 자율신경계의 반응을 측정하였다. 정차 및 정속 주행에 비해 급출발, 급제동일 때, 직선도로에 비해 굴곡이 심한 도로에서 주행을 할 때 평균 R-R 간격은 감소하였고, 전력 스펙트럼의 (LF+MF)/HF비는 증가하였고, 피부온도는 감소하였고, 피부저항은 증가하였다. 본 연구로부터, 정차 및 정속 주행에 비해 급출발, 급제동일 때 그리고 직선도로에 비해 굴곡이 심한 도로에서 주행을 할 때 교감신경계의 활성화비가 증가한다는 일치된 경향을 관찰할 수 있었다. 앞으로 피실험자수를 늘려 보다 정확한 통계적 분석을 하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.23-30
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• 1997

근골격계 질환은 부적절한 작업 자세, 중량물의 무리한 취급, 과도한 작업 부하 등과 같은 작업 환경 에서 기인한다. 현장의 대부분의 공구사용작업에 있어서, 쪼그려앉아서 작업하는 경우가 매우 빈번하게 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 쪼그려 앉은자세에서 사용하는 공구를 설계하는데 필요 요소인 악력의 최대치 를 조사하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 23세-29세의 남자 8명을 피실험자로 실험하였다. 실험모델로는 쪼그려 앉기에서 1) 0 .deg. 외전된 어깨와 정위치의 손목에서 어깨 굴곡이 180 .deg. , 135 .deg., 90 .deg. 와 45 .deg. 의 조합된 자세에서의 악력, 2) 0 .deg. 외전된 어깨와 정위치의 손목에서 팔꿈치 굴곡이 135 .deg. , 90 .deg. 와 45 .deg. 조합된 자세에서의 악력을 조사하였다. 조사결과 쪼그려 앉은 자세에서 어깨굴곡이 45 .deg. 인 자세에서 최대의 악력이 발휘되는 것으로 나타났으며, 인체부위 중에서 손너비, 손목둘레, 팔길이, 손두께, 팔꿈치-손목까지의 길이 등이 쪼그려 앉은자세와 깊은 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.300-300
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• 2007

최근 전기전자기기 및 광학기기 등의 소형화 및 고기능에 맞추어 구동 장치의 소형화가 필수적으로 요구됨에 따라, 보다 간단한 구조의 다양한 소형 압전 선형 모터에 대한 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 굴곡 진동 모드를 갖는 평판형의 압전체와 탄성체로 구성된 압전 트랜스듀서와 두 개의 압전 트랜스듀서를 연결하여 타원 운동을 구현하기 위해, 굴곡 변형이 발생하는 한 쌍의 압전 트랜스듀서에 $90^{\circ}$ 위상차를 갖는 정현파를 각각 인가하여, 한 쌍의 압전 트랜스듀서를 연결하는 돌출부에서 타원궤적을 형성하는 소형 압전 액츄에이터를 설계하였다. 유한요소해석 프로그램인 ATILA를 이용하여 결합부의 타원 궤적의 형성하기 위한 압전 트랜스듀서의 최적 동작 주파수로 운동 모드를 결정하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.135-142
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• 1999

A constitutive model was proposed to study the effects of fiber waviness on the elastic properties of unidirectional composite materials. The predictions showed that the degree of fiber waviness significantly affected the elastic properties of composite materials. A special fabrication technique was developed for thic composite materials with various fiber waviness ratios. Tensile, compressive and flexural tests were conducted to obtain the elastic properties of composite materials with fiber waviness experimentally. The experimental result were in good agreement with the predictions.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare flexural strength and elastic modulus of several splinting materials dependent on water absorption. Materials and Methods: Three different materials; LightFix, G-FIX, G-aenial Universal Flo; were used in this study. Thirty rectangular bar specimens ($25{\times}2{\times}2mm$) of each materials were prepared. Fifteen specimens of each materials were stored in 100% relative humidity atmosphere, $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The other specimens were stored in distilled water, $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were calculated using Universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test at 95% level of significance were used on all test results. Results: In LightFix, flexural strength and elastic modulus were significantly decreased after aging. In G-FIX, there was no significant change in flexural strength and elastic modulus after aging. In G-aenial Universal Flo, flexural strength was significantly decreased, but elastic modulus did not change significantly. Statistical analysis reveals that flexural strength and elastic modulus increased in the order of LightFix, G-FIX, G-aenial Flo in both 24 hours and 30 days. Conclusion: It could be deduced from this study that flexural strength and elastic modulus of some resins could be changed when it aged in oral environment. Thus this should be considered when choosing a resin to perform a resin-bonded splint.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 2005

Purpose: In case of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, graft tendon is generally fixed in tibial tunnel with knee extended. When reconstructing ACL using hamstring tendon, the authors aim to find out the effect of knee joint position during graft fixation on postoperative knee joint stability and range of motion. Materials and Methods: Prospective study was done on patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon from May 2002 to January 2003 We used Rigifix system (Mitek Product, Johnson and Johnson, USA) and Intrafix system for fixation. Thirty nine patients received ACL reconstruction during this period. Excluding 2 patients lost in the follow-up, 37 patients were analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 14 months $(13{\sim}25months)$. Knee position was decided alternatively without any bias. Clinical evaluation was based on Lachman test, pivot shift test, Lysholm score, IKDC(international knee documentation committee) assessment and side to side KT-1000 maximal manual arthrometer difference. Results: After the last follow-up, average postoperative Lysholm score was 93.1 poins(65-98points). According to IKDC score, 26 cases were normal, 10 cases were nearly normal, 1 case was abnormal and we had no case of severe abnormality. The mean difference from the normal side was 2.5 mm under maximal manual loading KT-1000 arthrometer. According to postoperative Lachman test, 32 cases were normal,2 cases were grade I and 1 case was grade II. There were 34 cases of normal, 2 cases of grade I and 1 case of grade II. When using maximal manual KT-1000 arthrometer side to side difference, the difference from the normal side while fixing the tibia at 20'knee flexion was 2.3 mm and at full extention the difference was 2.7 mm. The range of motion at postoperative 1 year showed 5 degree flexion contracture in 1 case at 20 degrees knee flexion and 10 degrees of flexion limitation was observed in 2 cases at full extension. Conclusion: When ACL reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendon, anterior laxity showed no difference in its stability between two groups. Tibial side fixation at full extension may be helpful in preventing flexion contracture due to overconstrained graft tendon.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the positional change of the uterus during radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Between 1997 and 2001, 47 patients received definitive radiotherapy for cervical cancer at the Samsung Medical Center. For each patient, two MRI scans were taken; one before and the other 3$\~$4 weeks after the radiotherapy treatment. In T2 weighted MRI images, the positional change of the uterine was quantified by measuring six quantities; the distance from the cervix os to the isthmus of the uterus (Dcx), the maximum length from the isthmus of the uterus to the uterine fundus (Dco), the maximum vertical distance of the uterine body (Dco-per), the angle between the vertical line and the cervical canal in the sagittal images (Acx), the angle of the uterine corpus from the vertical line in the sagittal plan (Aco-ap), and the relative angle of the uterine corpus from a fixed anatomical landmark in the axial images (Aco-axi). Results: The mean Dcx values, before and during the treatment, were 36.7 and 27.8 mm, respectively. The Dco deviated by more than 10 mm in 14 cases (29.8$\%$). The change in the Acx ranged from 0.1 to 67.8$^{\circ}$ (mean 13.2$^{\circ}$). The Aco-ap changed by a maximum of 84.8$^{\circ}$ (mean 16.9$^{\circ}$). The differences in the Dcx plus the Dco in the smaller (<4 cm) and larger ($geq$4 cm) tumors were 5.3 and 19.4 mm, respectively. With patients less than 60 years old, or with a tumor size larger than 4 cm, the difference in the Acx was statistically significant. Conclusion: The positional changes of the uterus, during radiation treatment, should be considered in the 3DCRT or IMRT treatment planning, particularly in patients under 60 years of age or in those with a tumor size greater than 4 cm in maximum diameter.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.324-335
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• 2011

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of the color components of light-cured composite resin before and after polymerization on degree of conversion (DC) and biaxial flexural strength (FS). Materials and Methods: Four enamel shades (A1, A2, A3, A4) and two dentin shades (A2O, A3O) of Premisa (Kerr Co.) and Denfil (Vericom Co.) were evaluated on their CIE $L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$ color components using the spectrophotometer before curing, after curing and at 7 day. The DC of same specimens were measured with Near-infrared spectrometer (Nexus, Thermo Nicolet Co.) at 2 hr after cure and at 7 day. Finally, the FS was obtained after all the other measurements were completed at 7 day. The correlations between each color component and DC and FS were evaluated. Results: The light-curing of composite resin resulted in color changes of Premisa in red-blue direction and Denfil in green-blue direction. The DC and FS were affected by product, time and shade (3-way ANOVA, p < 0.05) and product and shade (2-way ANOVA, p < 0.05), respectively. Premisa only showed a significant correlation between the DC and CIE $a^*$ component - before and after polymerization (Pearson product moment correlation, p < 0.05). The FS of Premisa showed significant negative correlations with CIE $a^*$ and CIE $b^*$ components. Conclusions: The DC and FS of the light-curing composite resin were affected by the color components of the material before and after polymerization.

• Korean Journal of Dental Materials
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of number of times dipped in coloring liquid and sintering temperature on the flexural strength of zirconia ceramic. In this study, using a zirconia block having improved transparency, specimens with size of $25mm{\times}2mm{\times}1.5mm$ were fabricated. The zirconia ceramic specimens were divided into three groups according to the number of times dipped in coloring liquid by 0, 2 and 4 times, and dyed in the coloring liquid to give color to each specimen. Then, after sintering them at the final temperature of $1,450^{\circ}C$ and $1,600^{\circ}C$, flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine (total 6 group, n=10 for each group). Also, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to observe its microstructure, and the data obtained through the experiment were analyzed with two-way ANOVA. The results of the flexural strength analysis show that the highest value was measured $762.3{\pm}42.3MPa$ in EKL2 group, while the lowest value was $516.4{\pm}77.1MPa$ in EKH4 group. According to the results of the two-way ANOVAs, flexural strength was not related with interaction between sintering temperature and number of times dipped in coloring liquid ($R^2=0.737$). However, there were statistically significant differences in flexural strength depending on sintering temperature (P<0.001). The flexural strength of zirconia ceramics having improved transparency was dependent on sintering temperature. The number of times dipped in the coloring liquid did not affect flexural strength of the zirconia ceramic having improved transparency.