• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.36S no.9
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• pp.76-90
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• 1999

In this paper, a color image retrieval algorithm is proposed based on color histogram and color texture. The representative color vectors of a color image are made from k-means clustering of its color histogram, and color texture is generated by centering around the color of pixels with its color vector. Thus the color texture means texture properties emphasized by its color histogram, and it is analyzed by Gaussian Markov Random Field (GMRF) model. The proposed algorithm can work efficiently because it does not require any low level image processing such as segmentation or edge detection, so it outperforms the traditional algorithms which use color histogram only or texture properties come from image intensity.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

Cross-domain recommendation is a method that shares related user information data and item data in different domains. It is mainly used in online shopping malls with many users or multimedia service contents, such as YouTube or Netflix. Through K-means clustering, embeddings are created by performing clustering based on user data and ratings. After learning the result through a transformer network, user satisfaction is predicted. Then, items suitable for the user are recommended using a transformer-based recommendation model. Through this study, it was shown through experiments that recommendations can predict cold-start problems at a lesser time cost and increase user satisfaction.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.79-105
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• 2023

Due to unprecedented extreme weather events such as global warming and climate change, many parts of the world suffer from severe pain, and economic losses are also snowballing. In order to address these problems, 'The Paris Agreement' was signed in 2016, and an intergovernmental consultative body was formed to keep the average temperature rise of the Earth below 1.5℃. Korea also declared 'Carbon Neutrality in 2050' to prevent climate catastrophe. In particular, it was found that the increase in temperature caused by greenhouse gas emissions hurts the environment and society as a whole, as well as the export-dependent economy of Korea. In addition, as the diversification of transportation types is accelerating, the change in means of choice is also increasing. As the development paradigm in the low-growth era changes to urban regeneration, interest in idle railway sites is rising due to reduced demand for routes, improvement of alignment, and relocation of urban railways. Meanwhile, it is possible to partially achieve the solar power generation goal of 'Renewable Energy 3020' by utilizing already developed but idle railway sites and take advantage of being free from environmental damage and resident acceptance issues surrounding the location; but the actual use and plan for these solar power facilities are still lacking. Therefore, in this study, using the big data provided by the Korea National Railway and the Renewable Energy Cloud Platform, we develop an algorithm to discover and analyze suitable idle sites where solar power generation facilities can be installed and identify potentially applicable areas considering conditions desired by users. By searching and deriving these idle but relevant sites, it is intended to devise a plan to save enormous costs for facilities or expansion in the early stages of development. This study uses various cluster analyses to develop an optimal algorithm that can derive solar power plant locations on idle railway sites and, as a result, suggests 202 'actively recommended areas.' These results would help decision-makers make rational decisions from the viewpoint of simultaneously considering the economy and the environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1878-1885
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• 2013

The purposes of this study are to generate sensory profile, measure consumer acceptance, and determine liking and disliking factors of aseptic-packaged rice porridges (APRP). Five APRPs made by five different rice cultivars were used for this study. Twenty-one attributes were generated by trained panelists. Finally, 16 attributes were determined as descriptive terms for APRP. Each cultivar showed a different descriptive sensory profile. In a consumer acceptance test, there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in the acceptances of the overall, appearance, taste, texture, viscosity, and rice particle texture among the 5 APRPs. SW52 showed the highest acceptance ratings in the overall, appearance, taste and texture, followed by SR. A total of 52% of consumers showed preference toward SW52 and SR. SW63 showed the lowest ratings and no consumer preference pattern. Consumers were divided into two groups by a cluster analysis; one was the consumers (C1) who liked APRP, and the other was the consumers (C2) who had a neutral stand in general. By correlating the results from descriptive analysis and consumer ratings from C1, liking and disliking factors for consumer acceptance were determined. The disliking factors were bitterness, feeling of surface, stickiness, metallic flavor, roasted aroma, and thickness. The liking factors were old cooked rice aroma/flavor. The disliking factors dominated in the determination of acceptability of APRP. Selecting rice cultivars that had low intensities of disliking factors is the key for APRP development.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.262-268
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• 2007

To characterize morphological classification of the basins, four major basin characteristics of the unit basins, including sinuosity, ratio of forest, ratio of flat area, and tributary existence were selected for cluster analysis. The analysis was carried out using soil map, topographic map, water course map, and basin map of the fifty unit basins in the Yeongsangang Basin. The unit basins could be categorized to five basin groups. The fitness by the Mantel test showed good fit of which r was 0.830. These grouping based on comprehensive soil and topographic characteristics provides best management practices, water quality management according to pollutants, increased water related model application and reasonable availability of water management. For agricultural management of water resources and conservation of water quality from agricultural non-point pollutants, therefore, comprehensive systematic classification of soil characteristics on unit basin might be an useful tool.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.292-312
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• 2017

The purposes of this research are to verify: first, if the technology appraisal model reflects the company's management performance and the rates of bankruptcy and overdue; second, if the existing classification system of technology levels is suitable; and third, which is the most important appraisal factor that defines the classification system of technology levels. As a result of the analysis, financial performance (stability) and non-financial performance (technology environment) proved to be significant variables in explaining technology ratings. According to the verification of the suitability of classification system, it appeared that there is a significant difference in all appraisal items of all groups. The result of neural networks model verification indicates that the most important variable was the R&D capacity, the second variables which determine the suitability of technology financing were indicators related to the company management. The second variables which determine a company's technological excellence were a company's technological base. To summarize, the technology appraisal model not only reflects both managerial performance and risks of a company, but also anticipates the future by converging the management competence and technological competitiveness into R&D capacity. This implies that if the 'forward-looking' technology appraisal model is integrated into the existing, credit rating model, the appraisal model may have positive impact on improving anticipation and stability.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2009

Contents-based image retrieval methods are in general more objective and effective than text-based image retrieval algorithms since they use color and texture in search and avoid annotating all images for search. SIM(Self-organizing Image browsing Map) is one of contents-based image retrieval algorithms that uses only browsable mapping results obtained by SOM(Self Organizing Map). However, SOM may have an error in selecting the right BMU in learning phase if there are similar nodes with distorted color information due to the intensity of light or objects' movements in the image. Such images may be mapped into other grouping nodes thus the search rate could be decreased by this effect. In this paper, we propose an improved SIM that uses HSV color model in extracting image features with color quantization. In order to avoid unexpected learning error mentioned above, our SOM consists of two layers. In learning phase, SOM layer 1 has the color feature vectors as input. After learning SOM Layer 1, the connection weights of this layer become the input of SOM Layer 2 and re-learning occurs. With this multi-layered SOM learning, we can avoid mapping errors among similar nodes of different color information. In search, we put the query image vector into SOM layer 2 and select nodes of SOM layer 1 that connects with chosen BMU of SOM layer 2. In experiment, we verified that the proposed SIM was better than the original SIM and avoid mapping error effectively.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2015

In order to get as ecological basic data for river restoration, vegetation investigation was conducted in natural river and analysed it synecological methods, such as ordination cluster. 29 plant communities units were identified and the major dominant plant communites were Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, Populus davidiana community, Q. variabilis community and Prunus sargentii community. River vegetations were classified into ravine and gorge forest type and riverine softwood forest type. Ravine and gorge forest was dominanted by hardwood which located in steep slope and in high elevation, and riverine softwood forest by softwood, salix spp. Naturality was an important criterion for the selection of rivers, so many of the selected rivers are located in the upper stream and mid stream rather than the lower stream, where more human intervention is involved. Plant communities were consisted of hardwood forest(44 plots, 92%) and softwood forest(4 plot, 8%), respectively. PCA with total layer data showed 5 groups of communities: Q. mongolica community group, Prunus sargentii community group, Pinus densiflora community group, Prunus sargentii community - Pinus densiflora community group and the rest communities group. PCA with tree layer showed 3 groups: Q. mongolica community group, Prunus sargentii community group, and the rest community group. Cluster analysis also a showed a similar communities group to PCA ordination, but Magnolia sieboldii community and Prunus sargentii community were distinguished from the PCA result. From the result, it can be concluded that the plant communities of riparian be divided into hardwood and softwood forest by statistical techniques. It was appropriate to plant species such as Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Populus davidiana, Quercus variabilis and Prunus sargentii, at levee zone and high water level. And Sliax spp. were appropriate for planted plants at waterfront and low water level. The herb species to be planted on the floodplain were recommanded in the species composition co-occurred with the woody species.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.93-102
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• 2011

The Korean government recently has focused on variety of policies to promote the use of bikes to control the emission of carbon. However, bike facilities with no regard to the safety and comfort of bike drivers has made inefficient bike roads. Also, the accidents related to bikes have increased rapidly. This study proposes the proper types of the bike roads considering land use and bike driver characteristics. The elements classifying the bike driver characteristics are driven through oneway ANOVA and cluster analysis. It is found that the types of the bike roads can be classified by the ratio of child and elderly bikers and the ratio of heavy trucks. Also, the each type is characterized by the land use types such ad residential, commercial and industrial areas through cluster analysis. According to the results of the cluster analysis, installation of bike roads in residential area needs to consider convenience and safety simultaneously. It is also found that convenience should be the most considerable factor in commercial area. Lastly, safety should be considered in industrial area. Recommended methodology and bike road type based on the land use and bike driver's characteristics can be useful to develop bike-friendly environments and increase mode share of bikes.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 2005

This study was conducted to analyze the changing pattern of the bird community after the construction of artificial wetland at Sihwah lake from may 2000 to January 2002. Total seventy seven bird species were recorded at Sihwa artificial wetland area during the survey. Number of the bird species and individuals were increased in second year than first survey year. Especially shorebirds and raptors were more increased than other groups. Long-term and continuous monitoring of bird community would be needed to clarify the reasons of increasing pattern of bird species and individuals in artificial wetlands of Sihwa lake. Until now, this area has been considered as suitable habitat for dabbling ducks than shore birds and has simple habitat environment consisting of open water surface and reed beds. Therefore, we suggest the follows for creation of diverse habitat types: 1) seasonal water-level manipulation 2) management of diverse aquatic plants and 3) creation of diverse land cover; sandy fields, gravelly fields, grasslands, etc.