• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.3-30
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• 2010

The focus of this paper is the determines of asymmetric cooperation between the European Union(and EC) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea(DPRK). By analyzing the varying degree of cooperation and conflict by the EU and the DPRK, it argues that the outcomes of the asymmetric cooperation and conflict can be fully explained by the domestic and international variables.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1472-1476
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• 2008

남북 공유하천은 크게 임진강과 북한강으로 대별된다. 이중 임진강은 2000년을 기점으로 상호 협력방안이 모색되고 있다. 그러나 북한강수계에서는 북한이 유역변경을 위해 대댐을 건설하여 운영중에 있는 등 남북관계에 있어서 협력과 갈등이 공존하고 있는 상황이다. 국제공유하천에 있어 수자원 개발과 이용은 협력과 공평성에 기초하여야 한다. 그러나 갈등은 모든 국제하천이 가지고 있는 공통의 문제로 해결을 위한 대안마련에 많은 노력이 필요하다. 그럼에도 국 내외의 사례에서 볼 수 있듯이 예방적 조치들이 미약한 것이 현실이다. 남 북한 공유하천에서도 수자원 이용과 관련된 문제점은 계속되고 있다. 특히, 북한강 수계의 경우 상류유역을 점하고 있는 북한이 임남댐을 건설해 유역변경 수력발전을 함으로서 하류를 점하고 있는 남한지역에서는 하천관리 및 용수공급 등 지장을 받고 있다. 얼마 전에는 댐의 안정성 문제가 제기되어 국가안보 차원에서 문제를 다루어야 할 정도로 중대 사안이 되었다. 임진강 유역에서는 수해방지를 위한 남 북한간 협력체제의 토대가 마련되어 가고 있지만 황강댐의 유역변경 이 구체화될 경우 문제는 더욱 복잡해진다. 본 연구에서는 국제공유하천의 갈등해소 이론을 바탕으로 보다 현실적인 접근방법을 대안으로 제시하고자 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.122-127
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• 2015

하천을 간단히 정의하면 물이 흐르는 길이라 할 수 있다. 현대사회에서 물은 생존권과 직결되는 중요한 경제적 자원이다. 하천이 물이고 물이 곧 하천이다 보니 국가 간 한정된 자원을 이용하기 위한 경쟁이 뜨겁다. 국제규범에 따라 공평한 물 배분이 실현되는 경우도 있지만 많은 국제하천이 국가 간 갈등의 중심에 있는 경우가 다반사다. 남북공유하천도 정치적, 군사적 대립관계를 고려할 때 갈등이 커질 수밖에 없다. 현재 임진강, 북한강 등 남북공유하천 전 구간에 걸쳐 많은 수리시설물이 건설되어 이용되고 있으며, 상류 국간인 북한의 유역변경 및 일방적인 방류에 대하여 하류국가인 남한이 그 피해를 고스란히 받고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 남북공유하천의 과거 및 현재의 갈등 사례를 검토하고 물을 둘러싼 주요 이슈 및 쟁점에 대하여 검토하여 남?북한 모두가 win-win 할 수 있는 납북협력 방안대하여 검토하고자 한다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5B
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• pp.505-514
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• 2008

The Imjin and North Han River are sharing watershed between South and North Korea. In Imjin river basin, the April 5th dam and Hwanggang dam which are already constructed or on constrution, causes problems in water supply in the downstrean area. At the same time, in the North Han River basin, the Imnam dam is being operated for diversion to Anbyeon Youngman Hydropower Plant and it gives rise to conflict between South and North by reducing streamflow in the North Han River of South Korean side. Therefore, a cooperative framework needs to be built for settling the pending issues. In this study, based on the theory of conflict resolution in the international shared river basin, the practical alternatives are suggested. These approaches are expected to help in preparing reasonable resolution ahead of seeking political decision. Also, in order to preparing consistent and reasonable river management measures, the South-North shared river management commission was suggested.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.83-108
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• 2011

South America has vast energy resources with the renewable and non-renewable sources. However, many countries in the region are unable to guarantee adequate energy security both of energy supply and demand. Currently the possibility of energy security is high through regional energy integration based on the potential economic benefits. The difference of regulation system with the individual countries in the region impose strong barriers to integration process. Security of energy supply and its demand as well is fundamental issues in this region and regional energy cooperation is essential for getting rid of the insecurity of energy supplies. Despite of this problem, currently Latin American countries made a great effort to make multilateral energy security regime through projecting great energy infrastructure network(e.g. IIRSA) or mechanism especially in South America, which can give countries access to the region's reserve supplies by providing regulations and pricing mechanism with a shared energy market in this region. Brazil's active leading in the formulation of such movement toward energy security integration and participation of energy infrastructure network is good initiative to enforce this great energy security change. Politically and economically, Brazil's geographical position and the level of market size and oil and natural gas resources, in addition the leadership in renewable energy sources make it a sound candidate to take over the coordination of the secure integration of region's energy market. However, on the conditions of existing many obstacles such as, control of the output of the region's power plant, energy flows, the environmental matter within local community must be overcome to make more advance process and steps. Finally, to secure more institutional approach, this region must settle regional disputes resolution regime urgently.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.129-154
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• 2010

In Post-soviet Space, particularly the Central Asian is a great turbulence region called the 'Eurasian Balkan', where diverse factors of conflict and dispute are existed. In Central Asia, a current regional security system is characterized by various multilateral cooperation relations among Central Asian nations and the world powers, such as NATO(PfP), OSCE, CIS, CSTO, CACO, SCO, CICA and so on. But nothing could obtain superiority as pan-regional security system. Unless internal problems and conflicts of the Central Asian nations be solved, security won't be assured in this region. Narrow-minded and blind realism will spread insecure region, make a lasting trouble spot in Eurasian continent. The purpose of this article is to explore significance for international relations of security system in the Central Asia. I examine general features of regional security environment formed after the Soviet Union's collapse, characteristics of multilateral cooperation related with Central Asian nations. Through consideration current situations I suggest prospects of security system in Central Asia.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.456-467
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• 2018

This study analyzed the repeated causes of policy failure focusing on Yangyang International Airport cases. Yangyang International Airport, which opened in 2002, was built with about 360 billion won, but it is considered as a representative example of policy failure of local airports. According to the policy failure theory, the failure factors of Yangyang International Airport are anlyzed by rationalistic, political, and environmental complexity viewpoint. The results are as follows. First, from a rationalist point of view, Yangyang Airport failed to achieve the policy goal of securing passengers and revitalizing local economy, This is due to the pressure of politics and the lack of geographical infrastructure. Second, the failure of the stakeholders to resolve conflicts in the flow of politics can be seen as the conflict between the airline and the airport, and the failure to reconcile conflicts between the government and the airports on the low cost airline permits and subsidies. Third, from the viewpoint of environmental complexity, Yangyang International Airport can be regarded as a failure to adapt to environmental changes such as the opening of nearby expressways and railway lines, and the sharp decline of Chinese tourists. This study sugeests the establishment of an independent organization that can prevent unreasonable business promotion by politics in the case of large scale national projects, the linkage with the surrounding infrastructure and related businesses in the case of transportation facilities such as airports and railways, and institutionalization of cooperative governance for coordinating conflict among stakeholders.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 1977

상시 이용가능한 전천후, 범세계적인 정확한 항법을 개발하는 것이 항해자들의 숙원이었다. 이제 시스템의 보완의 문제가 국제적인 규모에 초점이 맞추어 진다면 현시점의 기술로도 이 숙원이 앞으로 10년 내에 이루어 질 가능성이 엿보인다. 범세계적인 전파항법은 그 정의상 수신지점이 아무리 멀리 떨어지고 고립되어 있다 하더라도 육·해·공 어디서나 아무런 전파간섭 없이 수신될 수 있는 것이어야 한다. 범세계적인 항법방식을 채택하는 데 있어서 중요하게 고려되는 사항은 간섭이 없는 주파수 스펙트럼의 이용과 전파항법의 송신사양의 발천이다. 국가안보를 위한 항해와 민간의 목적을 위한 항해 사이의 갈등과 국가간의 요구의 상이는 국가적 결정과 국제적 협력을 위한 의미있는 도전을 나타낸다. 송신국이 육지에 있는 장거리항법방식 2가지, 즉 Loran-C와 Omega는 현재 시행되고 있으며, 인공위성항법방식이 앞으로 실현될 가능성이 있는데, 지금이 바로 행동을 취할 때라고 제안한다. 본 논문은 Loran-C와 Omega 방식의 기술사양서 발행의 절실한 필요성과 이러한 범세계적인 전파항법의 송신에 요구되는 주파수, 스펙트럼의 정의의 필요성을 기술한다. 그리고 국제 전기통신협회의 후원하에 1979년 Genova에서 열린 World Administrative Radio Conference에 앞서서 주의를 요하는 특별한 기술적인 분야에 대해서 기술한다.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.251-284
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• 2010

Through specific cases, this article examines the causes and measures to overcome cultural divergences most frequently encountered by Koreans living in Vietnam and Korean-contacting Vietnamese in terms of mode of communication, mode of living and mode of doing business. Historical reality proves that Vietnam and Korea have a lot in common in history, culture and society, due to the influence from the Chinese culture on both countries. However, each country has its own acculturation, hence, there exist, apart from the normal dissimilarities, differences between the two countries especially in natural environment andpolitical systems. As a result, in Vietnam, Koreans and Vietnamese have met with quite a lot of divergences in communication, business and living activities. In order to overcome these cultural divergences, in addition to the ceaseless efforts made by Koreans in Vietnam and Korean-contacting Vietnamese, there should be concern, assistance as well as cooperation between the people and the authorities of the two countries. We should draw lessons from the groundless or trivial affairs which, springing from the Chinese people's dislike for Koreans, have been blown up and disseminated on the internet; where by we are to reconsider the relationship between Koreans and Vietnamese. What is more, Korea still feels historically ashamed to have sent nearly 350,000 soldiers to the wa rin Vietnam for economic purposes in the past. As our predecessors brought about that historic shame to get bread for our fatherland in exchange, our generation today should approach Vietnam out of a sense of responsibility towards history. Having experienced a period of economic difficulties, Vietnam innovated and started its open-door policy in 1987. However, this event should not be regarded as the reason for us to approach Vietnam with only one rigid economic principle.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.312-320
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• 1993

Along with the fade out of the Cold War the world is undergoing a fundamental restructuring. The process is generally refered to regionalization and globalization. In this context, the Paper presents a geopolitical perspective on the future of Northeast Asia. To meet the global trend, it is expected that the countries in the area organize an economically cooperative unity, the concept of which the author calls the northeast Asian Rim (NEAR). With its huge potentials to become the largest economic area in the world and with its rather complicated historical and social background, the Rim is tentatively supposed to have a loose and soft organization, to be flexible in dealing with the intra-and interregional relations. The idea underlying the view is that the former area of confrontation between the land power and the sea power is, under the new world environment, going to recover its proper locational attributes and develop into a merging area, a new core. As a physical framework of the Rim a spatial structurc is assumed to consist of two-subrims and two development axes with four development centers.