• The tire
• /
• s.83
• /
• pp.25-27
• /
• 1979

국연무역개발회의(UNCTAD)의 천연고무 제2회협정교섭회의는 작년11월에서 12월에 걸쳐 개최된 제 1회 협정교섭회의의 뒤를 이어 3월 27일부터 4월 12일 까지 58개국, 8국제기관이 참석하여 제네바에서 개최되었다. 동회의에서는 최종단계에서 협정내용의 주요골자인 완충재고규모, 자금준비, 기준가격수준 및 그 조정방법 등을 포함한 의장안이 제출되어 대강 그 합의를 보았다. <편집자주>

• Korea Petroleum Association Journal
• /
• no.6 s.148
• /
• pp.44-47
• /
• 1993

이자료는 일본통산성 자원에너지청 국제자원과 토정량치씨의 논문을 옮긴 것이다.

• Defense and Technology
• /
• no.7 s.149
• /
• pp.40-51
• /
• 1991

급변하는 국제방산협력 여건에 탄력적으로 대응하기 위해서는 공동연구개발 및 생산에 방산업체들의 적극적인 참여를 고무하는 정책이 실시되어야 한다. 특히 방산업체가 국내 연구개발 및 국제 공동연구개발에 직접 참여하는 제도의 수립이 필요하다. 향후 군사무역에서 GATT적용 등에 대비하고, 업체가 적극적인 중.장기 방산경영이 가능하도록 정부는 새로운 인식하에서 전반적인 제도개선이 마련되어야 할 것으로 믿는다. 장기적으로 방산국제협력을 담당하는 관료들은 국제교섭가인 동시에 국제마아케터로서의 자질을 갖춘 전문관료들이 보직해야햐며, 협력대상 국가별 전문가의 양성도 절실하다고 판단된다

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.57-81
• /
• 2010

Recently, labor unions' active participation in social issues is drawing people's attention as their concerns are expanding from the conventional wage raise and employment to others such as the environment and poverty eradication. This derives from the notion that a trade union with bargaining power is also an economic agent responsible and able to take a positive role in social issues. This paper explains through a micro economic analysis model that labor union movements can also contribute to social issues such as the global environment. Based on the international oligopoly trade theory, the study analyzes the principal-agent model whereby firms and labor unions pursue their strategic choices based on their interest and influence the implementation of regulatory policies on pollution emission. The analysis confirmed that labor unions' bargaining power and international cooperation are influential in alleviating global pollution emission and in improving social welfare. This conclusion could be presented as a basis for arguing for and requesting the participation and cooperation of labor unions to solve environmental problems discussed at WILL 2006.

• The tire
• /
• s.81
• /
• pp.32-36
• /
• 1979

천연고무의 가격안정화를 위한 국제협정체결문제는 76년 나이로비 총회이후 10회에 걸쳐 회의를 가졌으나 결론을 얻지 못하고 오는 3월 26일부터 3주간 제네바에서 개최되는 교섭회의에서 최종적인 합의에 달할 것으로 보고 있다. 본고는 작년 5월 8일부터 19일까지 2주간 태국, 인도네시아, 말레이시아, 싱가포르 4개국에 대한 UNCTAD 천연고무 Workshop의 개요를 종합한 것으로 국제협정체결을 바라는 각생산국의 천연고무산업의 현황과 문제점을 밝힌 것이다.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to establish a strategy to improve the grafted cacti export which has been stagnated in these year. To promote its exporting, first of all, Korean cactus producer needs to save the cost of labor by using bottom nutriculture system for the greater national competitiveness. Second, it is desired to diversify the export cactus items such as a new variety of Epiphyllum truncatum, big size of perfect brand, a finished package production to satisfy foreigner's demand coping with international market change of grafted cacti. On the other hand, Korean cultivar protection and national negotiation for a reducing tariff rate or an efficient plant inspection system are also needed.

• The tire
• /
• s.86
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 1980

국제연합무역개발회의(UNCTAD)가 1976년 제4회 나이로비 총회이후, 추진해온 일차산품 종합계획 중 천연고무에 관한 교섭은 79년 10월초에 정리되어 정식으로 천연고무 상품협정이 발족하게 되었다. 동협정은 80년 1~6월간에 제네바에서 각국이 서명하고, 7~9월에 각국에서 비준하여 10월에 발족될 전망이다. 완충재고를 중심으로 한 동협정은 UNCTAD의 18개품목의 협정 중, 경제조항과 의무분담을 골자로 한 협정으로서는 처음 있는 일로서 주목되고 있다. 동협정은 천연고무가격의 안정과 공급안정을 목적으로 한 것이나, 동협정이 발효되더라도 현재에는 최고가격인 270싱가포르센트 이상으로 되어 있으므로 당분간은 아무런 효과도 거두지 못할 것으로 보인다. 고무업계에서는, 「천연고무가격이 안정되는 것은 환영하고 있으나 고가안정으로 (주석협정과 같이) 될 두려움마저 있다」고 평하고 있으며, 원재료앙등에 고심하고 있다. 전문 68조로 된 천연고무 국제협정의 내용은 다음과 같다.

• Korean Business Review
• /
• v.12
• /
• pp.189-207
• /
• 1999

The recent keen global competition makes cooperative Labor-Management relations as one of the minimum requirements for the business firms in order to survive. Accordingly, this study focused upon the comparative analysis of the traits of some major countries' Labor-Management Joint Consultations for the purpose of explaining the core characteristics of them. The way how to develop and enhance the Labor-Management Joint Consultation in Korea was also suggested. As a result, this study shows that the social background of, the authority of, and the relationship with collective bargaining of the the Labor-Management Joint Consultation differed in great extent among the countries, and that these differences caused the various consultation patterns in each country. For example, the Labor-Management Joint Consultation was introduced and used voluntarily in the U.S.A. and Japan, while it was enforced by law in Korea, Germany, and France. Also, co-determination has been popular in Germany, France, and The U.S.A., but only the advising and consulting have been dominant in Korea and Japan. However, the rapid change of business environment and the increase in employees' need will make the co-determination as a desirable pattern even in Korea.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.79-106
• /
• 1992

This study analyzes the determinants of wage premium, defined as the excess of actual wage rate over opportunity wage, for the average worker in a Korean bargaining unit. Average wage premium of a firm is decomposed into quasi-rent per worker and rent-sharing rule. Per capita quasi-rent, representing a firm's ability to pay, is defined as the difference between sales revenue and the opportunity cost of mobile factors, divided by the number of employees. Rent-sharing rule, a measure of workers' bargaining power, is defined as the average wage premium divided by the per capita quasi-rent. Empirical results show that the differences in wage premium among Korean bargaining units are much better explained by the differences in quasi-rent than by the differences in bargaining power. Also, comparing the results of 1986 with those of 1988 show that the wage settlement mechanism in 1988 was not quite different from that of 1986, in spite of the drastic change in industrial relation system in 1987. It may simply yield higher opportunity wages, by raising the bargaining power of overall workers. The tendency of Korean labor market in 1988 to show a dual structure of high & low wage premium sectors, is not due to the fact that the differences in bargaing powers across firms tend to expand, but to the fact that unions tend to reduce the wage differences among the workers within an enterprise by pursuing more equal distribution of total wage premium. Hence, the policies for reducing the wage differentials across firms should focus on rent-regulating industrial policies, e.g. eliminating monopoly rents by deregulation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.41 no.2 s.113
• /
• pp.195-211
• /
• 2006

During the 1986-1994 Uruguay Round negotiations under the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (later World Trade Organization), the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was adopted by participating countries. TRIPS has not only allowed intellectual property to be introduced into international trade arenas, but also extended the scope of protection to biodiversity such as plant genetic material, arguing that intellectual property rights (IPRs) would help conserve biodiversity. In this paper, I aim to deconstruct the global IPRs regimes over biodiversity by adopting geographers' sensitivity to place and scale as an analytical window. By investigating how all the issues regarding IPRs over biodiversity that are raised by diverse disciplines, such as environmental ethics, environmental economics and political economy approach, are scale-related, I demonstrate how biodiversity IPRs, and its introduction into international trade agreements, though separate issues with no inevitable relationship to one another, have been put together for the construction of global IPRs regimes. I argue that the notion on the construction of scale (i.e., rhetorical and discursive construct of globalization) can contribute to revealing how fragile global environmental conservation regimes are.