• Title/Summary/Keyword: 구조적성능

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Optimum Synthesis Conditions of Coating Slurry for Metallic Structured De-NOx Catalyst by Coating Process on Ship Exhaust Gas (선박 배연탈질용 금속 구조체 기반 촉매 제조를 위한 코팅슬러리 최적화)

  • Jeong, Haeyoung;Kim, Taeyong;Im, Eunmi;Lim, Dong-Ha
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 2018
  • To reduce the environmental pollution by $NO_x$ from ship engine, International maritime organization (IMO) announced Tier III regulation, which is the emmision regulation of ship's exhaust gas in Emission control area (ECA). Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process is the most commercial $De-NO_x$ system in order to meet the requirement of Tier III regulation. In generally, commercial ceramic honeycomb SCR catalyst has been installed in SCR reactor inside marine vessel engine. However, the ceramic honeycomb SCR catalyst has some serious issues such as low strength and easy destroution at high velocity of exhaust gas from the marine engine. For these reasons, we design to metallic structured catalyst in order to compensate the defects of the ceramic honeycomb catalyst for applying marine SCR system. Especially, metallic structured catalyst has many advantages such as robustness, compactness, lightness, and high thermal conductivity etc. In this study, in order to support catalyst on metal substrate, coating slurry is prepared by changing binder. we successfully fabricate the metallic structured catalyst with strong adhesion by coating, drying, and calcination process. And we carry out the SCR performance and durability such as sonication and dropping test for the prepared samples. The MFC01 shows above 95% of $NO_x$ conversion and much more robust and more stable compared to the commercial honeycomb catalyst. Based on the evaluation of characterization and performance test, we confirm that the proposed metallic structured catalyst in this study has high efficient and durability. Therefore, we suggest that the metallic structured catalyst may be a good alternative as a new type of SCR catalyst for marine SCR system.

Effects of Various Ventilation Systems on the Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Fruiting Body Formation of King Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) Grown in Culture Bottles (새송이버섯 병재배에서 환기방법이 이산화탄소 농도 및 자실체형성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Hyun-Uk;Ahn, Mi-Jeong;Lee, Shin-Woo;Lee, Cheol-Ho
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.17 no.1 s.81
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    • pp.82-90
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    • 2007
  • In an attempt to establish the appropriate ventilation device for the bottle culture of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), we investigated carbon dioxide concentration and fruiting body formation according to the various ventilation systems within the mushroom house. In addition to, the efficiency of air circulation and growth rate as well as the appearance of physiologically abnormal phenotypes during their growth stage were also evaluated. four different ventilation devices, parallel-pressure type, positive-pressure type, negative-pressure type, and positive- and negative-pressure type were applied in this study. The positive-and negative-pressure type showed the highest efficiency of air circulation as $CO_2$ concentration was 800 ppm and the level of air current was relatively low compared to the other types (the $CO_2$ concentration of parallel-pressure type was 1,400 ppm). Moreover, the stipe length, the cap diameter, yield, and general quality grown in positive- and negative type ventilation device were also better than in the other three devices though it took slightly longer period for harvesting (18.4 days) than the others (17.6, 17.9 and 18.3 days). The appearance of physiologically abnormal phenotypes such as fruiting body lump, soft rot, and brown rot were significantly decreased in positive-and negative type compared to other types, while the appearance rates were not much different for other symptoms of bacterial ooze, stipe limb and stipe bumpy. In summary, we propose that the optimal ventilation system for the bottle culture of king oyster mushroom is positive- and negative type, and this device is expected to increase the total quality as well as yield all year around.

Enhancement of the Working Capacity and Selectivity Factor of Calcium-Exchanged Y Zeolites for Carbon Dioxide Pressure Swing Adsorption (이산화탄소 압력순환흡착을 위한 칼슘 이온교환 Y 제올라이트의 작업용량과 선택계수 향상)

  • Kim, Moon Hyeon
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 2018
  • Y zeolites with different extra-framework cations, such as $Na^+$, $N^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Cu^{2+}$, with different charge and ionic radius have been investigated to greatly enhance a working capacity (W) of $CO_2$ adsorption at $25^{\circ}C$ and a $CO_2/CO$ selectivity factor (S). A sample of NaY with a very small amount of 0.012% $Ca^{2+}$ was fully reversible for seven times repeated $CO_2$ adsorption/desorption cycles, thereby forming no surface carbonates unlikely earlier reports. Although at pressures above 4 bar, 2.00% CaY, 1.60% CuY and 1.87% LiY all showed a $CO_2$ adsorption very similar to that measured for NaY, they gave a significant decrease in the adsorption at lower pressures, depending on the metal ion. At 0.5 ~ 2.5 bar, the extent of $CO_2$ adsorption was in the order NaY > 1.60% CuY > 2.00% CaY > 1.87% LiY. All the $Na^+-based$ metals-exchanged zeolites have a FAU (faujasite) framework and a Si/Al value near 2.6; thus, there is no discernible difference in the framework topology, framework chemical compositions, effective aperture size, and channel structure between the zeolite samples. Therefore, the distinctive behavior in the adsorption of $CO_2$ with a character as a weak Lewis acid is associated with the site basicity of the zeolites, and the interaction potentials of the cations. Different trend was shown for a CO adsorption due to weaker quadrupole interactions. Adsorption of $CO_2$ and CO on samples of CaY with 0.012 to 5.23% Ca disclosed a significant dependence on the Ca loading. The $CO_2$ adsorption increased when the cation exists up to ca. 0.05%, while it decreased at higher Ca amounts. However, values for both W and S could greatly increase as the bare zeolite is enriched by $Ca^{2+}$ ions. The 5.23% CaY had $W=2.37mmol\;g^{-1}$ and S = 4.37, and the former value was comparable to a benchmark reported in the literature.

Development and Performance Evaluation of Multi-sensor Module for Use in Disaster Sites of Mobile Robot (조사로봇의 재난현장 활용을 위한 다중센서모듈 개발 및 성능평가에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Yonghan;Hong, Junwooh;Han, Soohee;Shin, Dongyoon;Lim, Eontaek;Kim, Seongsam
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.38 no.6_3
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    • pp.1827-1836
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    • 2022
  • Disasters that occur unexpectedly are difficult to predict. In addition, the scale and damage are increasing compared to the past. Sometimes one disaster can develop into another disaster. Among the four stages of disaster management, search and rescue are carried out in the response stage when an emergency occurs. Therefore, personnel such as firefighters who are put into the scene are put in at a lot of risk. In this respect, in the initial response process at the disaster site, robots are a technology with high potential to reduce damage to human life and property. In addition, Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) can acquire a relatively wide range of 3D information using a laser. Due to its high accuracy and precision, it is a very useful sensor when considering the characteristics of a disaster site. Therefore, in this study, development and experiments were conducted so that the robot could perform real-time monitoring at the disaster site. Multi-sensor module was developed by combining LiDAR, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor, and computing board. Then, this module was mounted on the robot, and a customized Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm was developed. A method for stably mounting a multi-sensor module to a robot to maintain optimal accuracy at disaster sites was studied. And to check the performance of the module, SLAM was tested inside the disaster building, and various SLAM algorithms and distance comparisons were performed. As a result, PackSLAM developed in this study showed lower error compared to other algorithms, showing the possibility of application in disaster sites. In the future, in order to further enhance usability at disaster sites, various experiments will be conducted by establishing a rough terrain environment with many obstacles.

Analysis of Market and Technology Status of Major Agricultural Machinery (Tractor, Combine Harvester and Rice Transplanter) (핵심 농기계(트랙터, 콤바인 및 이앙기) 시장 및 기술 현황 분석)

  • Hong, Sungha;Choi, Kyu-hong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.8-16
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    • 2019
  • Alternatives for increasing the competitiveness of locally manufactured agricultural machinery in domestic and foreign markets has been proposed. This was done by analyzing the major agricultural machinery's price and market share as well as their performance and quality. In the Korean domestic market, the market share of Japanese agricultural machinery has been identified to be 14.5% for tractors, 31.1% for combine harvesters, and 35.8% for rice transplanters, and on track for further increase. Japanese manufacturers' domestic patent shares are 58.5% for tractors, 79.9% for combine harvesters, and 69.8% for rice transplanters, showing the dire need for Korean domestic firms to expand their technological rights. To strengthen the industrial competitiveness of agricultural machinery, therefore, researches that develop the fundamental and elemental technology to reduce the frequency of breakdown should be needed in the short term. To achieve this, it is imperative to establish technology roadmap, promote greater cooperation between academia and industry, and systematically increase research funding. In addition, as a long-term solution for enhancing the competitiveness, an establishment of Agricultural Equipment Technology Institute is strongly recommended to systematically support R&D for developing core technologies, particularly high-quality components that guarantee durability and quality.

Usefulness about BSGI (Breast Specific Gamma Imaging) in Breast Cancer Patients (유방암 환자에서 Breast Specific Gamma Imaging (BSGI)의 유용성)

  • Cho, Yong-Gwi;Pyo, Seong-Jae;Kim, Bong-Su;Shin, Chea-Ho;Cho, Jin-Woo;Yeo, Ji-Yeon;Kim, Chang-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.92-101
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: Scintimammography is one of the screening tests for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. It has been widely accepted as very useful in assessing masses that have not been detected in breast scanning. This method is highly sensitive and specific with respect to the diagnosis of primary and relapsing breast cancer. It has some difficulties, however, in detecting tumors sized 1 cm and below due to the radioactivity around the breast and the geometrical structure of the equipment. The recent introduction of high-resolution Breast-specific Gamma Imaging (BSGI) has made it possible to more accurately discriminate between malignant and benign tumors than with any other test method. Thus, the possibility of an unnecessary biopsy being performed has decreased. The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic capacity of mammography, breast sonography, and scintimammography, which are used for the early diagnosis of known breast cancer, and of BSGI, and to evaluate the skillfulness of radiologists. Materials and Methods: The 53 volunteers participants who had no clinical manifestation of breast cancer underwent the BSGI in February 2009. In the BSGI procedure, scanning images were obtained from the craniocaudal projection (CC) and the mediolateral Oblique projection (MLO), as well as from the additional $80{\times}80$-matrix-sized views at various angles in the Present Time method, 10 minutes after the 25 mCi $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI was injected. Results: The results of the BSGI showed that two participants had masses in their breast tissue. As the results of the diagnosis of four participants were not clear, they were retested and the results of the second test were negative. The results of the clinical screening test for breast cancer showed that the sensitivity of BSGI, scintimammography, mammography, and breast sonography was 86.5%, 77.8%, 85~90%, and 66.7%, respectively, and that their specificity was 92.4%, 84.2%, 20~42%, and 68%, respectively. Conclusion: The autodiagnosis and breast cancer screening test are needed for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. It was not easy, however, to accurately determine the presence of a mass in the breast using the existing breast cancer screening test. The patients with unclear test findings were made to undergo a histologic biopsy for a more accurate diagnosis. It is expected that the BSGI can provide useful information for the early diagnosis of breast cancer and of primary breast cancer, and will reduce the performance of unnecessary biopsies because of its higher sensitivity and specificity than existing breast cancer screening tests.

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A Study on the Nutrition Contents and Blood Glucose Response Effect of Diabetic-Oriented Convenience Food prepared Medicinal Plants and Chicken (생약재와 닭고기를 이용하여 개발된 편의 당뇨식사의 영양성분 및 혈당반응)

  • 한종현;박성혜
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.91-99
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    • 2002
  • This study was carried out to develop a diabetic-oriented convenience flood using 7 medicinal plants (Schisandra chinensis, Coix lachryma-jobi, Dioscorea batatas, Ophipogon japonicus, Lyicium chinense, Houttuynia cordata, Polygonatum sibiricum) and chicken. Portion size was 310g, total calorie was 551.6 kcal and carbohydrate, lipid and protein were consisted of 53.0%, 20.9% and 26.1%, respectively. Calcium, zinc and iron content were 268.9mg, 5.4mg and 6.1mg, respectively. Crude fiber content was 22.9g. In sensory evaluation, the scores of taste, color, texture and overall acceptability were higher than normal diabetic meal. Hypoglycemic effect of the device meal for diabetic persons was excellent compared to that of normal diabetic meal. The above results indicate that the 7 medicinal plants can be used as functional ingredients fur diabetic-oriented convenience flood industry. Also, device meal can be used as ready-prepared food for weight control.

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A Study on the Cause Analysis and Countermeasures of the Traditional Market for Fires in the TRIZ Method (TRIZ 기법에 의한 재래시장 화재의 원인분석과 대책에 관한 연구)

  • Seo, Yong-Goo;Min, Se-Hong
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.95-102
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    • 2017
  • The fires in the traditional markets often occur recently with the most of them expanded into great fires so that the damage is very serious. The status of traditional markets handling the distribution for ordinary people is greatly shrunk with the aggressive marketing of the local large companies and the foreign large distribution companies after the overall opening of the local distribution market. Most of the traditional markets have the history and tradition from decades to centuries and have grown steadily with the joys and sorrows of ordinary people and the development of the local economy. The fire developing to the large fire has the characteristics of the problem that the fire possibility is high since all products can be flammable due to the deterioration of facilities, the arbitrary modification of equipment, and the crowding of the goods for sale. Furthermore, most of the stores are petty with their small sizes so that the passage is narrow affecting the passage of pedestrians. Accordingly, the traditional markets are vulnerable to fire due to the initial unplanned structural problem so that the large scale fire damage occurs. The study is concerned with systematically classifying and analyzing the result by applying the TRIZ tool to the fire risk factors to extract the fundamental problem with the fire of the traditional market and make the active response. The study was done for preventing the fire on the basis of it and the expansion to the large fire in case of fire to prepare the specific measure to minimize the fire damage. On the basis of the fire expansion risk factor of the derived traditional market, the study presented the passive measures such as the improvement of the fire resisting capacity, the fire safety island, etc. and the active and institutional measures such as the obligation of the fire breaking news facilities, the application of the extra-high pressure pump system, the divided use of the electric line, etc.

Anomaly Detection for User Action with Generative Adversarial Networks (적대적 생성 모델을 활용한 사용자 행위 이상 탐지 방법)

  • Choi, Nam woong;Kim, Wooju
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.43-62
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    • 2019
  • At one time, the anomaly detection sector dominated the method of determining whether there was an abnormality based on the statistics derived from specific data. This methodology was possible because the dimension of the data was simple in the past, so the classical statistical method could work effectively. However, as the characteristics of data have changed complexly in the era of big data, it has become more difficult to accurately analyze and predict the data that occurs throughout the industry in the conventional way. Therefore, SVM and Decision Tree based supervised learning algorithms were used. However, there is peculiarity that supervised learning based model can only accurately predict the test data, when the number of classes is equal to the number of normal classes and most of the data generated in the industry has unbalanced data class. Therefore, the predicted results are not always valid when supervised learning model is applied. In order to overcome these drawbacks, many studies now use the unsupervised learning-based model that is not influenced by class distribution, such as autoencoder or generative adversarial networks. In this paper, we propose a method to detect anomalies using generative adversarial networks. AnoGAN, introduced in the study of Thomas et al (2017), is a classification model that performs abnormal detection of medical images. It was composed of a Convolution Neural Net and was used in the field of detection. On the other hand, sequencing data abnormality detection using generative adversarial network is a lack of research papers compared to image data. Of course, in Li et al (2018), a study by Li et al (LSTM), a type of recurrent neural network, has proposed a model to classify the abnormities of numerical sequence data, but it has not been used for categorical sequence data, as well as feature matching method applied by salans et al.(2016). So it suggests that there are a number of studies to be tried on in the ideal classification of sequence data through a generative adversarial Network. In order to learn the sequence data, the structure of the generative adversarial networks is composed of LSTM, and the 2 stacked-LSTM of the generator is composed of 32-dim hidden unit layers and 64-dim hidden unit layers. The LSTM of the discriminator consists of 64-dim hidden unit layer were used. In the process of deriving abnormal scores from existing paper of Anomaly Detection for Sequence data, entropy values of probability of actual data are used in the process of deriving abnormal scores. but in this paper, as mentioned earlier, abnormal scores have been derived by using feature matching techniques. In addition, the process of optimizing latent variables was designed with LSTM to improve model performance. The modified form of generative adversarial model was more accurate in all experiments than the autoencoder in terms of precision and was approximately 7% higher in accuracy. In terms of Robustness, Generative adversarial networks also performed better than autoencoder. Because generative adversarial networks can learn data distribution from real categorical sequence data, Unaffected by a single normal data. But autoencoder is not. Result of Robustness test showed that he accuracy of the autocoder was 92%, the accuracy of the hostile neural network was 96%, and in terms of sensitivity, the autocoder was 40% and the hostile neural network was 51%. In this paper, experiments have also been conducted to show how much performance changes due to differences in the optimization structure of potential variables. As a result, the level of 1% was improved in terms of sensitivity. These results suggest that it presented a new perspective on optimizing latent variable that were relatively insignificant.

A Polarization-based Frequency Scanning Interferometer and the Measurement Processing Acceleration based on Parallel Programing (편광 기반 주파수 스캐닝 간섭 시스템 및 병렬 프로그래밍 기반 측정 고속화)

  • Lee, Seung Hyun;Kim, Min Young
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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    • v.50 no.8
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    • pp.253-263
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    • 2013
  • Frequency Scanning Interferometry(FSI) system, one of the most promising optical surface measurement techniques, generally results in superior optical performance comparing with other 3-dimensional measuring methods as its hardware structure is fixed in operation and only the light frequency is scanned in a specific spectral band without vertical scanning of the target surface or the objective lens. FSI system collects a set of images of interference fringe by changing the frequency of light source. After that, it transforms intensity data of acquired image into frequency information, and calculates the height profile of target objects with the help of frequency analysis based on Fast Fourier Transform(FFT). However, it still suffers from optical noise on target surfaces and relatively long processing time due to the number of images acquired in frequency scanning phase. 1) a Polarization-based Frequency Scanning Interferometry(PFSI) is proposed for optical noise robustness. It consists of tunable laser for light source, ${\lambda}/4$ plate in front of reference mirror, ${\lambda}/4$ plate in front of target object, polarizing beam splitter, polarizer in front of image sensor, polarizer in front of the fiber coupled light source, ${\lambda}/2$ plate between PBS and polarizer of the light source. Using the proposed system, we can solve the problem of fringe image with low contrast by using polarization technique. Also, we can control light distribution of object beam and reference beam. 2) the signal processing acceleration method is proposed for PFSI, based on parallel processing architecture, which consists of parallel processing hardware and software such as Graphic Processing Unit(GPU) and Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA). As a result, the processing time reaches into tact time level of real-time processing. Finally, the proposed system is evaluated in terms of accuracy and processing speed through a series of experiment and the obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed system and method.