• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1988

To analyze phytosociological characteristics of the Mt. Namsan nature park, Seoul, vegetation structure of north-east and south-west slopes, competition capability among species, vegetation structures of afforested species were studied with belt-transect and quadrat methods. And management plan of each vegetational zone was proposed by the results of this study and the other previous reports. Numbers of species and individuals of south-west slope were greater than those of north-east slope. But species diversity of northeast showed stability of 1.0, while that of south-west showed instability from 0.8 to 1.3. The floristic dissimilarity coefficient between two slopes showed 70-80% in which species composition between two slopes was much different. Quercus mongolica was a dominant species at north-east slope and Pinus densiflora at south-west slope. Competition capability among major species was resulted in deciduous trees>Robinia pseudoacacia>Populus alba ${\times}$ glandulosa>Pinais densiflora, Quercus mongolica>deciduous trees>Pinus densiflora. Afforested vegetation at the Mt. Namsan, especially Pinus koraiensis, Abies holophylla, Picea abies, etc showed poor growth rate. The goal of the Nam-san nature park management is to conserve natural ecosystem as it is and, if necessary, to accerlerate restoration of the disturbed ecosytem to its nature by minimum energy input as possible. Management proposal was made for six vegetational management zone ; P. derasitZoru forest zone, Q. mongolica forest zone, deciduous forest zone, afforestation zone, R. pseduoacacia zone and landscape planting zone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1351-1357
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• 2007

"Hae-Songi" mushroom is a kind of Hypsizigus marmoreus, one of the edible mushrooms. Powder and hot water extracts of the mushroom fruit-body were investigated for their proximate composition, amino acid contents, ${\beta}-glucan$ contents, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. The measured antioxidant activity included free radical scavenging activity against DPPH, reducing power $Fe^{2+}$ chelating ability and SOD activity. Mushroom extracts exhibited in vitro antioxidant activity. This mushroom contained high protein (29%, total amino acid contents 204.86 mg/g), free amino acids (46.53 mg/g) and ${\beta}-glucan$(0.11%). At a concentration of 1% extracts solutions (w/v) according to different extraction times, DPPH free radical-scavenging activities were found to exhibit $89%{\sim}92%$ inhibition. Positive correlations $(R^2=0.9901{\sim}0.7424)$ were found between total phenolic content in the mushroom hot water extracts and their antioxidant activity. In this study, it is demonstrated that "Hae-Songi" mushroom may possess potential for use as a health food, due to theirantioxidant capacity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.2
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• pp.211-222
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• 2020

This study tried to find out whether there is a change over time in the functional classification of forests in relation to human demand for forests. The level in which the concept of ecosystem services has been considered in national forest management plans was also examined. A total of 98 current and previous national forest management plans were available for this study. The composition ratios of the six functions of forests in both the current and previous national forest management plans were surveyed. We used a parametric t-test when the mean values of two (current and previous) groups were normally distributed and used nonparametric Wilcoxon code rank test when the assumption of normality was not met. Timber production forests were shown to follow a normal distribution, while five others, including water regeneration forests, disaster prevention forests, natural environment conservation forests, recreation forests, and living environment conservation forests were not shown to follow a normal distribution. Timber production forests and natural environment forests showed significant changes in the proportion of forest area between previous and current forest management plans. The concept of 'ecosystem services' began to actively appear in the 6th Basic Forest Plan, which started in 2018. However, the level of frequency of the ecosystem services mentioned varied by Regional Forest Services.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1727-1735
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• 2013

This study is carried out to investigate the analysis of nutrition and antioxidants of soybean Chungkukjang powder (SCP), Yak-Kong Chungkukjang powder (YCP) and Yak-Kong Chungkukjang powder added black foods (YCBP) for the management of Alzheimer's disease. The water content of YCBP was higher than that of SCP and YCP. The soluble and crude protein contents of YCP were the highest among three Chungkukjang powders. In SCP, YCP and YCBP, the ratios of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids were 5.17, 5.76, and 5.78, respectively. The mineral content of SCP was higher than that of YCP and YCBP. Antioxidants analysis showed that the content of diadzein was the highest in YCP and genistein, and anthocyanin contents were higher than the others in YCBP. In conclusion, YCP and YCBP had higher contents than SCP in soluble and crude proteins, and unsaturated fatty acids, which are needed for composition and function of the brain tissue. Also, it was found that the contents of diadzein, genistein and anthocyanin with outstanding antioxidative ability were high. Thus, this study suggests that Chungkukjang powder, which is made with Yak-Kong, black sesame, black rice and sea tangle, can be utilized for in vivo experiment for the control of oxidative stress, reported as cause and therapy for Alzheimer's Disease.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2016

Companies strive to have the ability to flexibly respond to environmental changes in modern society with its rapidly changing business environment. That is, companies try to achieve the corporate performance by using a variety of strategies since companies that don't go along with changes in industry are likely to fall behind. Also, the corporate performance is a key element in national competitiveness, and government is willing to support companies to maximize their performance in various ways. This study examines whether there is a difference between corporate strategies and government policies according to the retention and the type of certification of innovation. The company's strategy configuration effort is largely divided into exploration and exploitation of external knowledge, while the government's policy is divided into direct support, indirect support, and financial support. The corporate performance is analyzed using technological performance; innovative perspective and the sales; and the actual corporate performance as proxy variables. As a result, the variable affecting the performance differs according to the retention of certification of innovation. The variable affecting the corporate performance differs according to the type of certification of innovation as well. Therefore, it was found that companies can achieve the corporate performance by considering the situation at hand and the differentiated action strategies depending on the type of certification of innovation.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2003

The spinal cord dose is the one of the limiting factor for the radiation treatment of the head ＆ neck or the thorax region. It is not an easy task to maintain the spinal cord dose below tolerance and to keep the clinically acceptable dose to the PTV in this region. To overcome this problem, the spinal cord partial block technique (PBT) with the dynamic Multi-Leaf Collimator (dMLC) has been developed. This technique is an extension of the conventional treatment planning. In the beginning the beam directions are selected as same as the conventional treatment planning to encompass the PTV, then the partial block are designed to shield the spinal cord. The plan comparisons between the conventional therapy plan and the PTB plan were performed to evaluate the validity of this technique. The mean dose and the dose volume histogram (DVH) were used as the plan comparison indices. A series of quality assurance (QA) was performed to guarantee the reliable treatment. The QA consisted of the film dosimetry for the verification of the dose distribution and the point measurements. The PBT plan generated better results than the conventional treatment plan and it was proved to be useful for the H＆N region.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2010

In this study, an ideal water-recirculated oxy-fuel power generation system is proposed. The results of parametric studies of the performance characteristics of the system are discussed. For a given choice of the turbine inlet temperature, the turbine, which produces power, can be either a gas or a steam turbine. For maximum efficiency, the turbine inlet temperature is selected as the level of state-of-the-art gas turbines and the reheat cycle may be adopted not only to enhance the turbine power but also to maintain dryness of the water with a turbine exhaust temperature that is as high as possible. To obtain a low condensation temperature for a high purity of $CO_2$, a relatively low pressure expansion process may be added. Finally, the performance of the water-recirculated oxy-fuel power generation system is discussed with reference to various operating parameters and system configurations. The optimal operating conditions for high performance and a high purity of $CO_2$ are proposed.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of the different land covers of an urban park (Hyowon park) in downtown Suwon on the urban thermal variations during a hot summer. The effect of the air temperature reduction in the urban park was 4.4%-4.5% for the downtown residence (Maetan-dong). This value was about 0.8% lower than that of the outskirts residence (Sanggwanggyo-dong). The daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature, summer day and heat wave frequency were measured under the different land covers (cement-block, grass, pine-grass, shading area and mixed forest) showed these values generally decreased under natural land cover types. Daily minimum temperature and tropical night frequency didn't seem to correlate with the land cover types. Means of thermal comfort indices (wet bulb globe temperature, heat index and discomfort index) in the shading area, mixed forest and the pine-grass types were lower than those of cement block and grass types. However the levels of those indices were equal to 'very high' or 'caution' levels in the afternoon (13:00-15:00). In the morning (06:00-08:00), thermal comfort indices of the urban park didn't correlate with land cover types. Therefore, to reduce heat stress and to improve the thermal comfort in urban parks, an increase in the area of natural land cover such as grass, forest and open spaces is required.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.652-656
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• 2009

A cylindrical ultraviolet (UV) sterilization system was developed for decreasing microorganisms in takju. The takju was passed through 110 strips of honeycomb-type teflon tubing with 9 UV lamps (1,395 W) set between the teflon tubes. Thus, during passage, the takju was effectively exposed to the UV rays without loss. In terms of the overall quality aspects of the takju, the optimum sterilization condition was set for 4 min at 2 L/min. A 2-3 log cycle decrease in viable cell numbers of total bacteria and fungi was observed at this operating condition. Quality changes in the UV-sterilized takju were examined via UV irradiation of samples followed by storage at 30oC for 8 days. To evaluate the quality changes, pH, amino nitrogen content, acidity, reducing sugar content, and viable cell numbers of total bacteria and fungi were measured. Increases in pH, acidity, and amino nitrogen content were observed in both the takju control and UV sterilized takju with increasing storage time. However, reducing sugar content was decreased in both samples. The L, a, and b values of the control takju and UV sterilized takju showed similar trends over the storage period. Viable cell numbers of fungi did not change in the control or UV sterilized takju during storage, showing approximately $10^8\;CFU/mL$ and $10^4-10^5\;CFU/mL$, respectively. In addition, viable cell numbers of total bacteria remained lower in the UV sterilized takju over 4 days compared to the non-sterilized takju.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.6 s.67
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• pp.967-974
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• 2004

The osteoblastic cell activity is important for born formation, thus, this study was performed to investigation of that the effect of edible sources, Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM), on the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic like cell. The effects of RCM extract on cell proliferation were measured by MIT assay. At 1, $10\;{\mu}g/mL$ of RCM extract treated, that were elevated of cell proliferation to 103 and $142\%$ via control, respectively. And the cell differentiation were measured as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at 3, 9, 18, and 27 days. As the results, the $10\;{\mu}g/mL$ was increased ALP activity more than 2.6 times compared with control, 1.4 times via positive control at 27th day (p<0.05). The optical concentration of RC extract was rechecked by ALP staining and Alizarin Red staining for investigation of the induction of ALP activity, nodule formation by mineralization. mRNA expression analysis showed that the RCM $(10\;{\mu}g/mL)$ increased in SOX9 as well as ALP in MC3T3-E1 cells. These results suggest that RC extract was stimulates the MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and differentiation.